The problem of intractability: The continuing need for new medical therapies in epilepsy

Epilepsia

Volumn 38, Issue SUPPL. 9, 1997, Pages

  Jallon, Pierre ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Switzerland)

^b GENEVA UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Drug therapy; Epilepsy; Intractability; Neuroprotection; Pharmacokinetics

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; PRIMIDONE; VALPROIC ACID;

COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CONFERENCE PAPER; DRUG EFFICACY; EPILEPSY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; INTRACTABLE EPILEPSY; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; NEUROPROTECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TREATMENT PLANNING;

EID: 0030671060     PISSN: 00139580     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1997.tb05203.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (65)

1. Pledger GW, Schmidt D. Evaluation of antiepileptic drug efficacy: a review of clinical trial design. Drugs 1994;48:498-509.
2. Marchand L, Ajurriaguerra J. Epilepsies. Paris: Desclée de Brouwer, 1948.
3. Gastaut H, Broughton R. Epileptic seizures. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, 1972.
4. Beghi E, Di Mascio R, Tognoni G. Drug treatment of epilepsy: outlines, criticism and perspectives. Drugs 1986;31:249-65.
5. Reynolds EH, Shorvon SD. Monotherapy or polytherapy for epilepsy? Epilepsia 1981;22:1-10.
6. Montastruc JL, Rascol O. Monotherapie ou polythérapie de l'épilepsie? Arguments pharmacologiques. Epilepsies 1992;4:83-8.
7. Brodie MJ. Established anticonvulsants and treatment of refractory epilepsy. Lancet 1990;336:350-5.
8. Reynolds EH. Chronic antiepileptic toxicity: a review. Epilepsia 1975;16:319-52.
9. Reynolds EH, Chadwick DW, Galbraith AW. One drug (phenytoin) for the treatment of epilepsy. Lancet 1976;1:923-6.
10. Reynolds EH, Shorvon SD, Galbraith AW, Chadwick D, Dellaportas CI, Vydelingum L. Phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: a long term prospective study, assisted by serum level monitoring, in previously untreated patients. Epilepsia 1981;22:475-88.
11. Schmidt D, Gram L. Monotherapy versus polytherapy in epilepsy. CNS Drugs 1995;3:194-208.
12. Lammers MW, Hekster YA, Keyser A, Meinardi H, Renier WO, van Lier H. Monotherapy or polytherapy for epilepsy revisited: a quantitative assessment. Epilepsia 1995;36:440-6.
13. Bourgeois B, Beaumanoir A, Blajen B. Monotherapy with valproate in primary generalized epilepsies. Epilepsia 1987;28(suppl): S8-11.
14. Feuerstein J, Revol M, Roger J, et al. La monotherapie par le valproate de sodium dans les épilepsies généralisées primaires. Semaine Hopitaux (Paris) 1983;59:1263-74.
15. Roger J, Dravet C, Blanc-Bacci MJ, Mesdijian E. Monothérapie par la carbamazépine dans les épilepsies partielles avec crises à séméiologie complexe. Boll Lega Ital Contra Epilepsia 1980;29/ 30:163-6.
16. Strandjord RE, Johannessen SI. Carbamazepine as the only drug in patients with epilepsy: serum levels and clinical effects. In Johannessen SI, Morselli PL, Pippenger CE, Richens A, Schmidt D, Meinardi H, eds. Antiepileptic therapy: advances in drug monitoring. New York: Raven Press, 1980:229-33.
17. De Silva M, MacArdie B, McGowan M, et al. Randomised comparative monotherapy trial of phenobarbitone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, or sodium valproate for newly diagnosed childhood epilepsy. Lancet 1996;347:709-13.
18. Bennett HS, Dunlop T, Zirin P. Reduction of polypharmacy for epilepsy in an institution for the retarded. Dev Med Child Neurol 1983;25:735-7.
19. Albright P, Bruni J. Reduction of polypharmacy in epileptic patients. Arch Neurol 1985;42:797-9.
20. Callaghan N, O'Dwyer R, Keating J. Unnecessary polypharmacy in patients with frequent seizures. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;69: 15-9.
21. Lesser RP, Pippenger CE, Luders H, Dinner DS. High-dose monotherapy in treatment of intractable seizures. Neurology 1984;34: 701-11.
22. Mattson RH, Cramer JA, Collins JF, Smith DB. Comparison of carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and primidone in partial and secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. N Engl J Med 1985;313:145-51.
23. Schmidt D. Reduction of two-drug therapy in intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia 1983;24:368-76.
24. Theodore WH, Porter RS. Removal of sedative-hypnotic antiepileptic drugs from the regimen of patients with intractable epilepsy. Ann Neurol 1983;13:320-4.
25. Mattson RH, Cramer J, Collins JF, Smith DS. A comparison of valproate with carbamazepine for the treatment of complex partial seizures and secondary generalized tonic clonic seizures in adults. N Engl J Med 1992;327:765-71.
26. Richens A, Davidson DLW, Cartlidge NEF, et al., on behalf of the adult EPITEG collaborative group. A multicentre collaborative trial of sodium valproate and carbamazepine in adult onset epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994;57:682-7.
27. Verity CM, Hosking F, Easter DJ. A multicentre comparative trial of sodium valproate and carbamazepine in paediatric epilepsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1995;37:97-108.
28. Heller AJ, Chesterman P, Elwes RDC, et al. Phenobarbitone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, or sodium valproate for newly diagnosed adult epilepsy: a randomised comparative monotherapy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995;58:44-50.
29. Schmidt D, Gram L. Monotherapy versus polytherapy in epilepsy. CNS Drugs 1995;3:194-208.
30. Loiseau P, Jallon P. Les épilepsies pharmacorésistantes de l'adulte. Rev Neurol 1995;151:295-306.
31. Ferendelli JA. Relating pharmacology to clinical practice: the pharmacologic basis of rational polypharmacy. Neurology 1995; 45(suppl 2):S12-6.
32. Pedley TA. The challenge of intractable epilepsy. In: Chadwick D, ed. New trends in epilepsy management: the role of gabapentin. London: Royal Society of Medicine Services, Series 198, 1993: 3-12.
33. Schmidt D. Medical intractability in partial epilepsies. In: Luders H, ed. Epilepsy surgery. New York: Raven Press, 1991:83-90.
34. Leppik IE. Intractable epilepsy in adults. In: Theodore WH, ed. Surgical treatment of epilepsy. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992:7-13.
35. Wolf P. New antiepileptic drugs already registered. Epilepsia 1994;35(suppl 5):S22-4.
36. Jallon P, Despland PA. Les epilepsies pharmaco-resistantes: épidémiologie, facteurs de risque. Med Hyg 1996;54:1784-6.
37. Hauser WA. The natural history of drug resistant epilepsy: epidemiologic considerations. In: Theodore WH, ed. Surgical treatment of epilepsy. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992:25-8.
38. Lynch MW, Rutecki PA, Sutula TP. The effects of seizures on the brain. Curr Opin Neurol 1996;9:97-102.
39. Khrestchatisky M, Ferhat L, Charton G, et al. Molecular correlates between reactive and developmental plasticity in the rat hippocampus. J Neurobiol 1995;26:426-36.
40. Lindvall O, Kokaia Z, Bengzon J, Elmer E, Kokaia M. Neutrophins and brain insults. Trends Neurosci 1994;17:490-6.
41. Cavazos JE, Das I, Sutula TP. Neuronal loss induced in limbic pathways by kindling: evidence for induction of hippocampal sclerosis by repeated brief seizures. J Neurosci 1994;14:3106-21.
42. Meldrum BS, Bruton CJ. Epilepsy. In: Adams JH, Duchen LW, eds. Greenfield's neuropathology. 5th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992:1246-83.
43. Lothman EW, Rempe DA, Mangan PS. Changes in excitatory neurotransmission in the CA1 region and dentate gyrus in a chronic model of temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurophysiol 1995;74:841-8.
44. Babb TL, Pretorius JK. Pathologic substrates of epilepsy. In: Wylie E, ed. The treatment of epilepsy: principles and practices. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1993:55-70.
45. Cavazos JE, Das I, Sutula TP. Neuronal loss induced in limbic pathway by kindling: evidence for induction of hippocampal sclerosis by repeated brief seizures. J Neurosci 1994;14:3106-21.
46. Pitkänen A, Tuunanen J, Halonen T. Vigabatrin and carbamazepine have different efficacies in the prevention of status epilepticus induced neuronal damage in the hippocampus and amygdala. Epilepsy Res 1996;24:29-45.
47. Pitkänen A. Treatment with antiepileptic drugs: possible neuroprotective effects. Neurology 1996;47(suppl 1):S12-6.
48. Sander JWAS. The natural history of treated epilepsy. Epilepsia 1993;34:1011-4.
49. Placencia M, Paredes V, Cascante S, et al. Epileptic seizures in an Andean region of Ecuador: prevalence and incidence and regional variation. Brain 1992;115:771-82.
50. Osuntokun BO, Adeuja AOG, Nottidge VA, et al. Prevalence of the epilepsies in Nigerian Africans: a community-based study. Epilepsia 1987;28:272-9.
51. Feksi AT, Kaamugisha J, Gatiti S, Sander JWAS, Shorvon SD. Comprehensive primary health care antiepileptic drug treatment in rural and semi-urban Kenya. Lancet 1991;337:406-7.
52. Perucca E. The new generation of antiepileptic drugs: advantages and disadvantages. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1996;42:531-43.
53. Woodbury JW, Woodbury DM. Effects of vagal stimulation on experimentally induced seizures in rats. Epilepsia 1990;31(suppl 2):S7-19.
54. Penry JK, Dean JC. Prevention of intractable partial seizures by intermittent vagal stimulation in humans: preliminary results. Epilepsia 1990;31(suppl 2):S40-3.
55. The Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group. A randomized controlled trial of chronic vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of medically intractable seizures. Neurology 1995;45:224-30.
56. Velasco F, Velasco M, Velasco AL, Jimenez F, Marquez I, Rise M. Electrical stimulation of the centromedian thalamic nucleus in control of seizures: long-term studies. Epilepsia 1995;36:63-71.
57. Velasco M, Velasco F, Velasco AL, Velasco G, Jimenez F. Effect of chronic electrical stimulation of the centromedian thalamic nuclei on various intractable seizure patterns, II: psychological performance and background EEG activity. Epilepsia 1993;34:1065-74.
58. Velasco M, Velasco F, Ogarrio C, Fanghanel G. Electrical stimulation of the centromedian thalamic nucleus in the treatment of convulsive seizures: a preliminary report. Epilepsia 1987;28:421-30.
59. Fisher RS, Uematsu S, Drauss GL, et al. Placebo-controlled pilot study of centromedian thalamic stimulation in treatment of intractable seizures. Epilepsia 1992;33:841-51.
60. Feinstein B, Gleason CA, Libet B. Stimulation of locus coeruleus in man: preliminary trials for spasticity and epilepsy. Stereotact Fund Neurosurg 1989;52:26-41.
61. Silva-Barrat C, Brailowsky S, Riche D, Menini C. Anticonvulsant effects of localized chronic infusions of GABA in cortical and reticular structures of baboons. Exp Neurol 1988;101:418-27.
62. Fukuda H, Brailowky S, Ménini C, Silva-Barrat C, Riche D, Naquet R. Anticonvulsant effects of intracortical, chronic infusion of GABA in kindled rats: focal seizures upon withdrawal. Exp Neurol 1987;98:120-9.
63. Chinchilla D, Dulac O, Robain O, et al. Reappraisal of Rasmussen's syndrome with special emphasis on treatment with high doses of steroids. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994;57:1325-33.
64. Elder HG, Jones DB, Fisher RS. Local perfusion of diazepam attenuates interictal and ictal events in the bicuculline model of epilepsy in rats. Epilepsia 1997;38:516-21.
65. Kokaia M, Aebischer P, Elmer E, et al. Seizure suppression in kindling epilepsy by intracerebral implants of GABA - but not by adrenaline-releasing polymer matrices. Exp Brain Res 1994;100: 385-94.