메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 50, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 94-128

Evolution of Nerve Development in Frogs: II. Modified Development of the Peripheral Nervous System in the Direct-Developing Frog Eleutherodactylus coqui (Leptodactylidae)

Author keywords

Cranial nerves; Direct development; Eleutherodactylus coqui; Evolution; Heterochrony; Nerve development; Outgroup comparison; Physalaemus pustulosus; Whole mount immunohistochemistry; Xenopus laevis

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CRANIAL NERVE; EVOLUTION; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; XENOPUS LAEVIS;

EID: 0030633723     PISSN: 00068977     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (37)

References (132)
  • 1
    • 0344603702 scopus 로고
    • The development of the whistling frog Eleutherodactylus martinicensis of Barbados
    • Adamson, L., R.G. Harrison, and I. Bayley (1960) The development of the whistling frog Eleutherodactylus martinicensis of Barbados. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 133: 453-469.
    • (1960) Proc. Zool. Soc. London , vol.133 , pp. 453-469
    • Adamson, L.1    Harrison, R.G.2    Bayley, I.3
  • 2
    • 0003079869 scopus 로고
    • Problems with the interpretation of developmental sequences
    • Alberch, P. (1985) Problems with the interpretation of developmental sequences. Syst. Zool., 34: 46-58.
    • (1985) Syst. Zool. , vol.34 , pp. 46-58
    • Alberch, P.1
  • 3
    • 0002753169 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of a developmental process: Irreversibility and redundancy in amphibian metamorphosis
    • (ed. by R.A. Raff and E.C. Raff), Liss. New York
    • Alberch, P. (1987) Evolution of a developmental process: irreversibility and redundancy in amphibian metamorphosis. In Development as an Evolutionary Process (ed. by R.A. Raff and E.C. Raff), Liss. New York, pp. 23-46.
    • (1987) Development As An Evolutionary Process , pp. 23-46
    • Alberch, P.1
  • 4
    • 0011416249 scopus 로고
    • Development and the evolution of amphibian metamorphosis
    • Alberch, P. (1989) Development and the evolution of amphibian metamorphosis. Fortschritte der Zoologie, 35: 135-173.
    • (1989) Fortschritte der Zoologie , vol.35 , pp. 135-173
    • Alberch, P.1
  • 5
    • 0019828325 scopus 로고
    • Heterochronic mechanisms of morphological diversification and evolutionary change in the neotropical salamander, Bolitoglossa occidentalis (Amphibia: Plethodontidae)
    • Alberch, P., and J. Alberch (1981) Heterochronic mechanisms of morphological diversification and evolutionary change in the neotropical salamander, Bolitoglossa occidentalis (Amphibia: Plethodontidae). J. Morphol., 167: 249-264.
    • (1981) J. Morphol. , vol.167 , pp. 249-264
    • Alberch, P.1    Alberch, J.2
  • 7
    • 0024494298 scopus 로고
    • Myofiber turnover is used to retrofit frog jaw muscles during metamorphosis
    • Alley, K.E. (1989) Myofiber turnover is used to retrofit frog jaw muscles during metamorphosis. Am. J. Anat., 184: 1-12.
    • (1989) Am. J. Anat. , vol.184 , pp. 1-12
    • Alley, K.E.1
  • 8
    • 0025134993 scopus 로고
    • Retrofitting larval neuromuscular circuits in the metamorphosing frog
    • Alley, K.E. (1990) Retrofitting larval neuromuscular circuits in the metamorphosing frog. J. Neurobiol., 13: 1092-1107.
    • (1990) J. Neurobiol. , vol.13 , pp. 1092-1107
    • Alley, K.E.1
  • 9
    • 0021108736 scopus 로고
    • Maturation and recycling of trigeminal motoneurons in anuran larvae
    • Barnes, M.D., and K.E. Alley (1983) Maturation and recycling of trigeminal motoneurons in anuran larvae. J. Comp. Neurol., 218: 406-414.
    • (1983) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.218 , pp. 406-414
    • Barnes, M.D.1    Alley, K.E.2
  • 10
    • 0018096333 scopus 로고
    • Golgi-staining of 'primary' and 'secondary' motoneurons in the developing spinal cord of an amphibian
    • Blight, A.R. (1978) Golgi-staining of 'primary' and 'secondary' motoneurons in the developing spinal cord of an amphibian. J. Comp. Neurol., 180: 679-690.
    • (1978) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.180 , pp. 679-690
    • Blight, A.R.1
  • 11
    • 0025526151 scopus 로고
    • Incubation time and rate of embryonic development in amphibians: The influence of ovum size, temperature and reproductive mode
    • Bradford, D.F. (1990) Incubation time and rate of embryonic development in amphibians: the influence of ovum size, temperature and reproductive mode. Physiol. Zool., 63: 1157-1180.
    • (1990) Physiol. Zool. , vol.63 , pp. 1157-1180
    • Bradford, D.F.1
  • 12
    • 0000020875 scopus 로고
    • Leptodactylid frogs of the Physalaemus pustulosus group
    • Cannatella, D.C., and W.E. Duellman (1984) Leptodactylid frogs of the Physalaemus pustulosus group. Copeia, 1984: 902-921.
    • (1984) Copeia , vol.1984 , pp. 902-921
    • Cannatella, D.C.1    Duellman, W.E.2
  • 15
    • 84861106366 scopus 로고
    • Functional morphology of the jaw apparatus of larval and metamorphosing Rana lemporaria L
    • de Jongh, H.J. (1968) Functional morphology of the jaw apparatus of larval and metamorphosing Rana lemporaria L. Netherland J. of Zool., 18: 1-103.
    • (1968) Netherland J. of Zool. , vol.18 , pp. 1-103
    • De Jongh, H.J.1
  • 16
    • 0027000054 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive strategies of frogs
    • Duellman, W.E. (1992) Reproductive strategies of frogs. Sci. Am., 267: 80-87.
    • (1992) Sci. Am. , vol.267 , pp. 80-87
    • Duellman, W.E.1
  • 19
    • 0001786853 scopus 로고
    • Change in developmental patterns: Embryos of amphibians with large eggs
    • (ed. by R.A. Raff and E.C. Raff), Liss, New York
    • Elinson, R.P. (1987) Change in developmental patterns: embryos of amphibians with large eggs. In Development as an Evolutionary Process (ed. by R.A. Raff and E.C. Raff), Liss, New York, pp. 1-21.
    • (1987) Development As An Evolutionary Process , pp. 1-21
    • Elinson, R.P.1
  • 20
    • 0001378349 scopus 로고
    • Direct development in frogs: Wiping the recapitulationist slate clean
    • Elinson, R.P. (1990) Direct development in frogs: wiping the recapitulationist slate clean. Sem. Dev. Biol., 1: 263-270.
    • (1990) Sem. Dev. Biol. , vol.1 , pp. 263-270
    • Elinson, R.P.1
  • 21
    • 0028518677 scopus 로고
    • Leg development in a frog without a tadpole (Eleutherodactylus coqui)
    • Elinson, R.P. (1994) Leg development in a frog without a tadpole (Eleutherodactylus coqui). J. Exp. Zool., 270: 202-210.
    • (1994) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.270 , pp. 202-210
    • Elinson, R.P.1
  • 22
    • 0025627601 scopus 로고
    • A practical guide to the developmental biology of terrestrial-breeding frogs
    • Elinson, R.P., E.M. del Pino, D.S. Townsend, F.C. Cuesta, and P. Eichhorn (1990) A practical guide to the developmental biology of terrestrial-breeding frogs. Biol. Bull., 179: 163-177.
    • (1990) Biol. Bull. , vol.179 , pp. 163-177
    • Elinson, R.P.1    Del Pino, E.M.2    Townsend, D.S.3    Cuesta, F.C.4    Eichhorn, P.5
  • 23
    • 0346564888 scopus 로고
    • Some facts in the later development of the frog Rana temporaria
    • Elliot, A.I.M. (1907) Some facts in the later development of the frog Rana temporaria. Q. J. Microsc. Sci., 51: 647-657.
    • (1907) Q. J. Microsc. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 647-657
    • Elliot, A.I.M.1
  • 24
    • 84971895414 scopus 로고
    • The conceptual relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny
    • Fink, W.L. (1982) The conceptual relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny. Paleobiology, 8: 254-264.
    • (1982) Paleobiology , vol.8 , pp. 254-264
    • Fink, W.L.1
  • 25
    • 0019934984 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord development in anuran larvae: I. Primary and secondary neurons
    • Forehand, C.J., and P.B. Farel (1982) Spinal cord development in anuran larvae: I. Primary and secondary neurons. J. Comp. Neurol., 209: 386-394.
    • (1982) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.209 , pp. 386-394
    • Forehand, C.J.1    Farel, P.B.2
  • 26
    • 0002751771 scopus 로고
    • Diversity and regression in the amphibian lateral line and electrosensory system
    • (ed. by S. Coombs, P. Görner, and H. Münz). Springer, New York
    • Fritzsch, B. (1989) Diversity and regression in the amphibian lateral line and electrosensory system. In The Mechanosensory Lateral Line (ed. by S. Coombs, P. Görner, and H. Münz). Springer, New York, pp. 99-114.
    • (1989) The Mechanosensory Lateral Line , pp. 99-114
    • Fritzsch, B.1
  • 27
    • 0347194961 scopus 로고
    • Zur vergleichenden Anatomie der Schultermuskeln. II. Theil
    • Fürbringer, M. (1874) Zur vergleichenden Anatomie der Schultermuskeln. II. Theil. Jenaische Zeitschr. Naturwissenschaften, 8: 175-280.
    • (1874) Jenaische Zeitschr. Naturwissenschaften , vol.8 , pp. 175-280
    • Fürbringer, M.1
  • 28
    • 0012436937 scopus 로고
    • Table chronologique du développement chez Discoglossus pictus
    • Gallien, L., and C. Houillon (1951) Table chronologique du développement chez Discoglossus pictus. Bull. Biol., 4: 373-375.
    • (1951) Bull. Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 373-375
    • Gallien, L.1    Houillon, C.2
  • 30
    • 0345452430 scopus 로고
    • The development of Eleutherodactylus portoricensis
    • Gitlin, D. (1944) The development of Eleutherodactylus portoricensis. Copeia, 1944: 191-198.
    • (1944) Copeia , vol.1944 , pp. 191-198
    • Gitlin, D.1
  • 31
    • 0000396128 scopus 로고
    • A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification
    • Gosner, K. (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica, 16: 183-190.
    • (1960) Herpetologica , vol.16 , pp. 183-190
    • Gosner, K.1
  • 34
    • 0024897367 scopus 로고
    • Development and evolution in amphibians
    • Hanken, J. (1989) Development and evolution in amphibians. Am. Sci., 77: 336-343.
    • (1989) Am. Sci. , vol.77 , pp. 336-343
    • Hanken, J.1
  • 35
    • 77957207869 scopus 로고
    • Model systems versus out-groups: Alternative approaches to the study of head development and evolution
    • Hanken, J. (1993) Model systems versus out-groups: alternative approaches to the study of head development and evolution. Am. Zool., 33: 448-456.
    • (1993) Am. Zool. , vol.33 , pp. 448-456
    • Hanken, J.1
  • 36
    • 0345933676 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of cranial muscle ontogeny in direct-developing amphibians
    • Hanken, J., M.W. Klymkowsky, K.E. Alley, and D. Jennings (1992a) Evolution of cranial muscle ontogeny in direct-developing amphibians. Am. Zool., 32; 811A.
    • (1992) Am. Zool. , vol.32
    • Hanken, J.1    Klymkowsky, M.W.2    Alley, K.E.3    Jennings, D.4
  • 37
    • 0026481469 scopus 로고
    • Cranial ontogeny in the direct-developing frog. Eleutherodactylus coqui (Anura, Leptodactylidae). analyzed using whole-mount immunohistochemistry
    • Hanken, J., M.W. Klymkowsky, C.H. Summers, D.W. Seufert, and I. lngebrigtsen (1992b) Cranial ontogeny in the direct-developing frog. Eleutherodactylus coqui (Anura, Leptodactylidae). analyzed using whole-mount immunohistochemistry. J. Morphol., 211: 95-118.
    • (1992) J. Morphol. , vol.211 , pp. 95-118
    • Hanken, J.1    Klymkowsky, M.W.2    Summers, C.H.3    Seufert, D.W.4    Lngebrigtsen, I.5
  • 38
    • 0002947239 scopus 로고
    • Evolution and biogeography of West Indian frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus: Slow-evolving loci and the major groups
    • Hedges, S.B. (1989) Evolution and biogeography of West Indian frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus: slow-evolving loci and the major groups. Biogeography of the West Indies, 1989: 305-370.
    • (1989) Biogeography of the West Indies , vol.1989 , pp. 305-370
    • Hedges, S.B.1
  • 40
    • 0001965849 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary analysis of the intergeneric relationships of the frog family Leptodactylidae
    • Heyer, W.R. (1975) A preliminary analysis of the intergeneric relationships of the frog family Leptodactylidae. Smithsonian Contr. Zool., 199: 1-55.
    • (1975) Smithsonian Contr. Zool. , vol.199 , pp. 1-55
    • Heyer, W.R.1
  • 41
    • 0002926266 scopus 로고
    • Tadpoles, predation and pond habitats in the tropics
    • Heyer, W.R., R.W. McDiarmid, and D.L. Weigmann (1975) Tadpoles, predation and pond habitats in the tropics. Biotropica, 7: 100-111.
    • (1975) Biotropica , vol.7 , pp. 100-111
    • Heyer, W.R.1    McDiarmid, R.W.2    Weigmann, D.L.3
  • 42
    • 0001904476 scopus 로고
    • The phylogeny of amphibians: Current knowledge and the role of cytogenetics
    • (ed. by D.M. Green and S.K. Sessions), Academic Press, San Diego
    • Hillis, D.M. (1991) The phylogeny of amphibians: current knowledge and the role of cytogenetics. In Amphibian Cytogenetics and Evolution (ed. by D.M. Green and S.K. Sessions), Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 7-31.
    • (1991) Amphibian Cytogenetics and Evolution , pp. 7-31
    • Hillis, D.M.1
  • 43
    • 0000017408 scopus 로고
    • The development of the primary sensory system
    • Hughes, A. (1957) The development of the primary sensory system. J. Anat., 91: 323-338.
    • (1957) J. Anat. , vol.91 , pp. 323-338
    • Hughes, A.1
  • 44
    • 0012441142 scopus 로고
    • Studies in embryonic and larval development in amphibia. I. The embryology of Eleutherodactylus ricordii, with special reference to the spinal cord
    • Hughes, A. (1959a) Studies in embryonic and larval development in amphibia. I. The embryology of Eleutherodactylus ricordii, with special reference to the spinal cord. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 7: 22-38.
    • (1959) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.7 , pp. 22-38
    • Hughes, A.1
  • 45
    • 0000523914 scopus 로고
    • Studies in embryonic and larval development in amphibia. II. The spinal motor-root
    • Hughes, A. (1959b) Studies in embryonic and larval development in amphibia. II. The spinal motor-root. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 7: 128-145.
    • (1959) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.7 , pp. 128-145
    • Hughes, A.1
  • 46
    • 0012397164 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study on the relationships between limb and spinal cord in the embryo of Eleutherodactylus martinicensis
    • Hughes, A. (1962) An experimental study on the relationships between limb and spinal cord in the embryo of Eleutherodactylus martinicensis. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 10: 575-601.
    • (1962) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.10 , pp. 575-601
    • Hughes, A.1
  • 47
    • 0345933629 scopus 로고
    • The development of behavior in Eleutherodactylus martinicensis (Amphibia, Anura)
    • Hughes, A. (1965a) The development of behavior in Eleutherodactylus martinicensis (Amphibia, Anura). Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 144: 153-161.
    • (1965) Proc. Zool. Soc. London , vol.144 , pp. 153-161
    • Hughes, A.1
  • 48
    • 0008297901 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative study of the development of the nerves in the hindlimb of Eleutherodactylus martinicensis
    • Hughes, A. (1965b) A quantitative study of the development of the nerves in the hindlimb of Eleutherodactylus martinicensis. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 13: 9-34.
    • (1965) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.13 , pp. 9-34
    • Hughes, A.1
  • 49
    • 0013980975 scopus 로고
    • The thyroid and the development of the nervous system in Eleutherodactylus martinicensis: An experimental study
    • Hughes, A. (1966) The thyroid and the development of the nervous system in Eleutherodactylus martinicensis: an experimental study. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 16: 401-430.
    • (1966) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.16 , pp. 401-430
    • Hughes, A.1
  • 50
    • 0026082186 scopus 로고
    • A note on the use of biocytin in anterograde tracing studies in the central nervous system: Application at both light and electron microscopic level
    • Izzo, P.N. (1991) A note on the use of biocytin in anterograde tracing studies in the central nervous system: application at both light and electron microscopic level. J. Neurosci. Methods, 36: 155-166.
    • (1991) J. Neurosci. Methods , vol.36 , pp. 155-166
    • Izzo, P.N.1
  • 51
    • 0000359590 scopus 로고
    • Anural development in ascidians: Evolutionary modification and elimination of the tadpole larva
    • Jeffery, W.R., and B.J. Swalla (1990) Anural development in ascidians: evolutionary modification and elimination of the tadpole larva. Sem. Dev. Biol., 1: 253-261.
    • (1990) Sem. Dev. Biol. , vol.1 , pp. 253-261
    • Jeffery, W.R.1    Swalla, B.J.2
  • 52
    • 0026848615 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of alternate modes of development in ascidians
    • Jeffery, W.R., and B.J. Swalla (1992) Evolution of alternate modes of development in ascidians. BioEssays, 14: 219-226.
    • (1992) BioEssays , vol.14 , pp. 219-226
    • Jeffery, W.R.1    Swalla, B.J.2
  • 53
    • 24444464505 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone mediation of embryonic development in a direct-developing frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui
    • Jennings, D.H., and J. Hanken (1994) Thyroid hormone mediation of embryonic development in a direct-developing frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui. Am. Zool., 34: A123.
    • (1994) Am. Zool. , vol.34
    • Jennings, D.H.1    Hanken, J.2
  • 54
    • 0003639079 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships of the West Indian frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus: A morphological analysis
    • Joglar, R.J. (1989) Phylogenetic relationships of the West Indian frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus: a morphological analysis. Biogeography of the West Indies, 1989: 371-408.
    • (1989) Biogeography of the West Indies , vol.1989 , pp. 371-408
    • Joglar, R.J.1
  • 57
    • 0026286871 scopus 로고
    • Whole-mount staining of Xenopus and other vertebrates
    • Klymkowsky, M.W., and J. Hanken (1991) Whole-mount staining of Xenopus and other vertebrates. Methods Cell Biol., 36: 419-441.
    • (1991) Methods Cell Biol. , vol.36 , pp. 419-441
    • Klymkowsky, M.W.1    Hanken, J.2
  • 58
    • 0023253106 scopus 로고
    • Disappearance of Rohon-Beard neurons from the spinal cord of larval Xenopus laevis
    • Lamborghini, J.E. (1987) Disappearance of Rohon-Beard neurons from the spinal cord of larval Xenopus laevis. J. Comp. Neurol., 264: 47-55.
    • (1987) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.264 , pp. 47-55
    • Lamborghini, J.E.1
  • 59
    • 0001373856 scopus 로고
    • Trends towards non-aquatic and direct development in frogs
    • Lutz, B. (1947) Trends towards non-aquatic and direct development in frogs. Copeia, 1947: 242-252.
    • (1947) Copeia , vol.1947 , pp. 242-252
    • Lutz, B.1
  • 60
    • 0006019624 scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic evolution in frogs
    • Lutz, B. (1948) Ontogenetic evolution in frogs. Evolution, 2: 29-39.
    • (1948) Evolution , vol.2 , pp. 29-39
    • Lutz, B.1
  • 61
    • 0003018614 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary Relationships, Osteology, and Zoogeography of Leptodactyloid Frogs
    • Lynch, J.D. (1971) Evolutionary Relationships, Osteology, and Zoogeography of Leptodactyloid Frogs. Misc. Publ. Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist., 53: 1-238.
    • (1971) Misc. Publ. Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. , vol.53 , pp. 1-238
    • Lynch, J.D.1
  • 62
    • 0005327130 scopus 로고
    • The value of the M. depressor mandibulae in phylogenetic hypotheses for Eleutherodactylus and its allies (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae)
    • Lynch, J.D. (1993) The value of the M. depressor mandibulae in phylogenetic hypotheses for Eleutherodactylus and its allies (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae). Herpetologica, 49: 32-41.
    • (1993) Herpetologica , vol.49 , pp. 32-41
    • Lynch, J.D.1
  • 63
    • 0003156053 scopus 로고
    • The embryology of Eleutherodactylus nubicola, an anuran which has no tadpole stage
    • Carnegie Inst. Washington
    • Lynn, W.G. (1942) The embryology of Eleutherodactylus nubicola, an anuran which has no tadpole stage. Contributions to Embryology, Carnegie Inst. Washington, 190: 27-62.
    • (1942) Contributions to Embryology , vol.190 , pp. 27-62
    • Lynn, W.G.1
  • 64
    • 0040825067 scopus 로고
    • Effects of thiourea and phenylthiourea upon the development of Plethodon cinereus
    • Lynn, W.G. (1947) Effects of thiourea and phenylthiourea upon the development of Plethodon cinereus. Biol. Bull., 93: 199.
    • (1947) Biol. Bull. , vol.93 , pp. 199
    • Lynn, W.G.1
  • 65
    • 0039046568 scopus 로고
    • The effects of thiourea and phenylthiourea upon the development of Eleutherodactylus ricordii
    • Lynn, W.G. (1948) The effects of thiourea and phenylthiourea upon the development of Eleutherodactylus ricordii. Biol. Bull., 94: 1-15.
    • (1948) Biol. Bull. , vol.94 , pp. 1-15
    • Lynn, W.G.1
  • 66
    • 0002492536 scopus 로고
    • Types of amphibian metamorphosis
    • Lynn, W.G. (1961) Types of amphibian metamorphosis. Am. Zool., 1: 151-161.
    • (1961) Am. Zool. , vol.1 , pp. 151-161
    • Lynn, W.G.1
  • 67
    • 0040825024 scopus 로고
    • The development of Eleutherodactylus guentheri StDNR. 1864
    • Lynn, W.G., and B. Lutz (1946) The development of Eleutherodactylus guentheri StDNR. 1864. Boletim do Museu Nacional (Zool.), 71: 1-46.
    • (1946) Boletim Do Museu Nacional (Zool.) , vol.71 , pp. 1-46
    • Lynn, W.G.1    Lutz, B.2
  • 68
    • 0006009127 scopus 로고
    • The role of the thyroid gland in direct development in the anuran
    • Lynn, W.G., and M. Peadon (1955) The role of the thyroid gland in direct development in the anuran. Eleutherodactylus martinicensis. Growth, 19: 263-286.
    • (1955) Eleutherodactylus Martinicensis. Growth , vol.19 , pp. 263-286
    • Lynn, W.G.1    Peadon, M.2
  • 69
    • 0027946472 scopus 로고
    • Dollo's law and the death and resurrection of genes
    • Marshall, C.R., E.C. Raff, and R.A. Raff (1994) Dollo's law and the death and resurrection of genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91: 12283-12287.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 12283-12287
    • Marshall, C.R.1    Raff, E.C.2    Raff, R.A.3
  • 71
    • 0026726468 scopus 로고
    • Neuroanatomical labeling with biocytin: A review
    • Mc Donald, A.J. (1992) Neuroanatomical labeling with biocytin: a review. NeuroReport, 3: 821-827.
    • (1992) NeuroReport , vol.3 , pp. 821-827
    • Mc Donald, A.J.1
  • 73
    • 0013436263 scopus 로고
    • Experimental strategies in evolutionary embryology
    • Müller, G.B. (1991) Experimental strategies in evolutionary embryology. Am. Zool., 31: 605-615.
    • (1991) Am. Zool. , vol.31 , pp. 605-615
    • Müller, G.B.1
  • 74
    • 0003478757 scopus 로고
    • (Daudin) (2nd ed., 1st reprint). North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam
    • Nieuwkoop, P.D., and J. Faber (1975) Normal Table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin) (2nd ed., 1st reprint). North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam.
    • (1975) Normal Table of Xenopus Laevis
    • Nieuwkoop, P.D.1    Faber, J.2
  • 75
    • 0001360912 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of tongue protraction during prey capture in the frog Discoglossus pictus
    • Nishikawa, K.C., and G. Roth (1991) The mechanism of tongue protraction during prey capture in the frog Discoglossus pictus. J. Exp. Biol., 159: 217-234.
    • (1991) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.159 , pp. 217-234
    • Nishikawa, K.C.1    Roth, G.2
  • 76
    • 84951038696 scopus 로고
    • The value of life history data in the study of the evolution of the amphibia
    • Noble, G.K. (1927) The value of life history data in the study of the evolution of the amphibia. Annals NY Acad. Sci., 30: 31-128.
    • (1927) Annals NY Acad. Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 31-128
    • Noble, G.K.1
  • 77
    • 0346564836 scopus 로고
    • Branchial nerve homologies
    • Norris, H.W. (1924) Branchial nerve homologies. Z Morphol, Anthropol., 24: 211-226.
    • (1924) Z Morphol, Anthropol. , vol.24 , pp. 211-226
    • Norris, H.W.1
  • 78
    • 0345933630 scopus 로고
    • Direct development in frogs
    • Orton, G.L. (1951) Direct development in frogs. Turtox News, 29: 2-6.
    • (1951) Turtox News , vol.29 , pp. 2-6
    • Orton, G.L.1
  • 79
    • 0026290404 scopus 로고
    • Pedigrees of neurobehavioral circuits - Tracing the evolution of novel behaviors by comparing motor patterns, muscles, and neurons in members of related taxa
    • Paul, D.H. (1991) Pedigrees of neurobehavioral circuits - tracing the evolution of novel behaviors by comparing motor patterns, muscles, and neurons in members of related taxa. Brain Behav. Evol., 38: 226-239.
    • (1991) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.38 , pp. 226-239
    • Paul, D.H.1
  • 80
    • 0014443298 scopus 로고
    • Normal development of the lateral motor column in the branchial spinal cord in Rana pipiens
    • Pollack, E.D. (1968) Normal development of the lateral motor column in the branchial spinal cord in Rana pipiens. Anat. Rec., 163: 111-120.
    • (1968) Anat. Rec. , vol.163 , pp. 111-120
    • Pollack, E.D.1
  • 81
    • 0023118009 scopus 로고
    • Constraint, flexibility, and phylogenetic history in the evolution of direct development in sea urchins
    • Raff, R.A. (1987) Constraint, flexibility, and phylogenetic history in the evolution of direct development in sea urchins. Dev. Biol., 119: 6-19.
    • (1987) Dev. Biol. , vol.119 , pp. 6-19
    • Raff, R.A.1
  • 82
    • 0026846785 scopus 로고
    • Direct-developing sea urchins and the evolutionary reorganization of early development
    • Raff, R.A. (1992a) Direct-developing sea urchins and the evolutionary reorganization of early development. BioEssays, 14: 211-218.
    • (1992) BioEssays , vol.14 , pp. 211-218
    • Raff, R.A.1
  • 83
    • 0027095924 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of development decisions and morphogenesis; the view from two camps
    • Raff, R.A. (1992b) Evolution of development decisions and morphogenesis; the view from two camps. Development, Suppl.: 15-22.
    • (1992) Development , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 15-22
    • Raff, R.A.1
  • 85
    • 0024938991 scopus 로고
    • Heterochrony: Developmental mechanisms and evolutionary results
    • Raff, R.A., and G.A. Wray (1989) Heterochrony: developmental mechanisms and evolutionary results. J. Evol. Biol., 2: 409-434.
    • (1989) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 409-434
    • Raff, R.A.1    Wray, G.A.2
  • 86
    • 0003137218 scopus 로고
    • Physalaemus pustulosus
    • (ed. by D.H. Jantzen), Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Rand, A.S. (1983) Physalaemus pustulosus. In Costa Rican Natural History (ed. by D.H. Jantzen), Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 412-415.
    • (1983) Costa Rican Natural History , pp. 412-415
    • Rand, A.S.1
  • 89
    • 0021782456 scopus 로고
    • Trends in the functional morphology and sensorimotor control of feeding behavior in salamanders: An example of the role of internal dynamics in evolution
    • Roth, G., and D.B. Wake (1985) Trends in the functional morphology and sensorimotor control of feeding behavior in salamanders: an example of the role of internal dynamics in evolution. Acta Biotheor., 34: 175-192.
    • (1985) Acta Biotheor. , vol.34 , pp. 175-192
    • Roth, G.1    Wake, D.B.2
  • 90
    • 0002362049 scopus 로고
    • Conservatism and innovation in the evolution of feeding in vertebrates
    • (ed. by D.B. Wake and G. Roth), Wiley, Chichester
    • Roth, G., and D.B. Wake (1989) Conservatism and innovation in the evolution of feeding in vertebrates. In Complex Organismal Functions: Integration and Evolution in Vertebrates (ed. by D.B. Wake and G. Roth), Wiley, Chichester, pp. 7-21.
    • (1989) Complex Organismal Functions: Integration and Evolution in Vertebrates , pp. 7-21
    • Roth, G.1    Wake, D.B.2
  • 93
    • 0001925480 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative constraints associated with reproductive mode in anurans
    • (ed. by J.L. Vial), Univ. of Missouri Press, Columbia
    • Salthe, S.N., and W.E. Duellman (1973) Quantitative constraints associated with reproductive mode in anurans. In Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans (ed. by J.L. Vial), Univ. of Missouri Press, Columbia, pp. 229-249.
    • (1973) Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans , pp. 229-249
    • Salthe, S.N.1    Duellman, W.E.2
  • 94
    • 0001248210 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive mode and courtship patterns
    • (ed. by B. Lofts), Academic Press, New York
    • Salthe, S.N., and J.S. Mecham (1974) Reproductive mode and courtship patterns. In Physiology of the Amphibia II (ed. by B. Lofts), Academic Press, New York, pp. 309-521.
    • (1974) Physiology of the Amphibia II , pp. 309-521
    • Salthe, S.N.1    Mecham, J.S.2
  • 95
    • 0347825166 scopus 로고
    • Development of the peripheral nervous system in frogs with different life history strategies
    • Schlosser, G., and G. Roth (1993a) Development of the peripheral nervous system in frogs with different life history strategies. Proc. of the 21st Göttingen Neurobiology Conference: A760.
    • (1993) Proc. of the 21st Göttingen Neurobiology Conference
    • Schlosser, G.1    Roth, G.2
  • 98
    • 0029394899 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of cranial and rostral spinal nerves in tadpoles of the frog Discoglossus pictus (Discoglossidae)
    • Schlosser, G., and G. Roth (1995) The distribution of cranial and rostral spinal nerves in tadpoles of the frog Discoglossus pictus (Discoglossidae). J. Morphol., 226: 189-212.
    • (1995) J. Morphol. , vol.226 , pp. 189-212
    • Schlosser, G.1    Roth, G.2
  • 99
    • 0030629523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of nerve development in frogs. I. The development of the peripheral nervous system in Discoglossus pictus (Discoglossidae)
    • Schlosser, G., and G. Roth (1997) Evolution of nerve development in frogs. I. The development of the peripheral nervous system in Discoglossus pictus (Discoglossidae). Brain Behav. Evol., 50: 61-93.
    • (1997) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.50 , pp. 61-93
    • Schlosser, G.1    Roth, G.2
  • 100
    • 0347194898 scopus 로고
    • Thyroxine and its significance for heterochronic processes in the development of the nervous system in amphibians
    • Schmidt, A., and T. Böger (1994) Thyroxine and its significance for heterochronic processes in the development of the nervous system in amphibians. Ann. Anat., 176: 375.
    • (1994) Ann. Anat. , vol.176 , pp. 375
    • Schmidt, A.1    Böger, T.2
  • 101
    • 0001766960 scopus 로고
    • The metamorphosis of the jaws and their muscles in the toad, Bufo regularis Reuss, correlated with the changes in the animals feeding habits
    • Sedra, S.N. (1950) The metamorphosis of the jaws and their muscles in the toad, Bufo regularis Reuss, correlated with the changes in the animals feeding habits. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 120: 405-449.
    • (1950) Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. , vol.120 , pp. 405-449
    • Sedra, S.N.1
  • 102
    • 0028281143 scopus 로고
    • Molecular biology of amphibian metamorphosis
    • Shi, Y.-B. (1994) Molecular biology of amphibian metamorphosis. Trends Electronmicrosc., 5: 14-20.
    • (1994) Trends Electronmicrosc. , vol.5 , pp. 14-20
    • Shi, Y.-B.1
  • 103
    • 0023871689 scopus 로고
    • Specificity of sensory projections to the spinal cord during development in bullfrogs
    • Smith, C.L., and E. Frank (1988) Specificity of sensory projections to the spinal cord during development in bullfrogs. J. Comp. Neurol., 269: 96-108.
    • (1988) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.269 , pp. 96-108
    • Smith, C.L.1    Frank, E.2
  • 104
    • 0028311048 scopus 로고
    • Are neuromotor systems conserved in evolution? Brain Behav
    • Smith, K.K. (1994) Are neuromotor systems conserved in evolution? Brain Behav. Evol., 43: 293-305.
    • (1994) Evol. , vol.43 , pp. 293-305
    • Smith, K.K.1
  • 105
    • 0002909955 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary patterns in larval morphology
    • (ed. by J.L. Vial), Univ. of Missouri Press, Columbia
    • Starrett, P. (1973) Evolutionary patterns in larval morphology. In Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans (ed. by J.L. Vial), Univ. of Missouri Press, Columbia, pp. 251-271.
    • (1973) Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans , pp. 251-271
    • Starrett, P.1
  • 106
    • 0026484174 scopus 로고
    • Development of anuran locomotion - Ethological and neurophysiological considerations
    • Stehouwer, D.J. (1992) Development of anuran locomotion - ethological and neurophysiological considerations. J. Neurobiol., 23: 1467-1485.
    • (1992) J. Neurobiol. , vol.23 , pp. 1467-1485
    • Stehouwer, D.J.1
  • 107
    • 0000679533 scopus 로고
    • The cranial nerves of Amphibia
    • Strong, O.S. (1895) The cranial nerves of Amphibia. J. Morphol., 10: 101-230.
    • (1895) J. Morphol. , vol.10 , pp. 101-230
    • Strong, O.S.1
  • 108
    • 0020511914 scopus 로고
    • Afferent and efferent components of the hypoglossal nerve in the frog Rana pipiens
    • Stuesse, S.L., W.L.R. Cruce, and K.S. Powell (1983) Afferent and efferent components of the hypoglossal nerve in the frog Rana pipiens. J. Comp. Neurol., 217: 432-439.
    • (1983) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.217 , pp. 432-439
    • Stuesse, S.L.1    Cruce, W.L.R.2    Powell, K.S.3
  • 109
    • 0028274896 scopus 로고
    • Heterochronic expression of an adult muscle actin gene during ascidian larval development
    • Swalla, B.J., M.E. White, J. Zhou, and W.R. Jeffery (1994) Heterochronic expression of an adult muscle actin gene during ascidian larval development. Dev. Genet., 15: 51-63.
    • (1994) Dev. Genet. , vol.15 , pp. 51-63
    • Swalla, B.J.1    White, M.E.2    Zhou, J.3    Jeffery, W.R.4
  • 110
    • 33847025596 scopus 로고
    • Stages in the normal development of Rana pipiens larvae
    • Taylor, A.C., and J.J. Kollros (1946) Stages in the normal development of Rana pipiens larvae. Anat. Rec., 94: 7-23.
    • (1946) Anat. Rec. , vol.94 , pp. 7-23
    • Taylor, A.C.1    Kollros, J.J.2
  • 111
    • 0020582306 scopus 로고
    • The early development of the primary sensory neurones in an amphibian embryo: A scanning electron microscope study
    • Taylor, J.S.H., and A. Roberts (1983) The early development of the primary sensory neurones in an amphibian embryo: a scanning electron microscope study. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 75: 49-66.
    • (1983) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.75 , pp. 49-66
    • Taylor, J.S.H.1    Roberts, A.2
  • 112
    • 0000677485 scopus 로고
    • Direct development in Eleutherodactylus coqui (Anura: Leptodactylidae): A staging table
    • Townsend, D.S., and M.M. Stewart (1985) Direct development in Eleutherodactylus coqui (Anura: Leptodactylidae): a staging table. Copeia, 1985: 423-436.
    • (1985) Copeia , vol.1985 , pp. 423-436
    • Townsend, D.S.1    Stewart, M.M.2
  • 113
    • 0021533767 scopus 로고
    • Male parental care and its adaptive significance in a neotropical frog
    • Townsend, D.S., M.M. Stewart, and F.H. Pough (1984) Male parental care and its adaptive significance in a neotropical frog. Anim. Behav., 32: 421-431.
    • (1984) Anim. Behav. , vol.32 , pp. 421-431
    • Townsend, D.S.1    Stewart, M.M.2    Pough, F.H.3
  • 114
    • 0000087439 scopus 로고
    • The hyoid and larynx of the anura
    • Trewavas, E. (1933) The hyoid and larynx of the anura. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 222: 401-527.
    • (1933) Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B , vol.222 , pp. 401-527
    • Trewavas, E.1
  • 115
    • 0023470208 scopus 로고
    • The development of primary afferents to the lumbar spinal cord in Xenopus laevis
    • van Mier, P., and H.J. ten Donkelaar (1988) The development of primary afferents to the lumbar spinal cord in Xenopus laevis. Neurosci. Lett., 84: 35-40.
    • (1988) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.84 , pp. 35-40
    • Van Mier, P.1    Ten Donkelaar, H.J.2
  • 116
    • 0021931880 scopus 로고
    • The development of the dendritic organization of primary and secondary motoneurons in the spinal cord of Xenopus laevis
    • van Mier, P., R. van Rheden, and H.J. ten Donkelaar (1985) The development of the dendritic organization of primary and secondary motoneurons in the spinal cord of Xenopus laevis. Anat. Embryol., 172: 311-324.
    • (1985) Anat. Embryol. , vol.172 , pp. 311-324
    • Mier, P.1    Van Rheden, R.2    Ten Donkelaar, H.J.3
  • 117
    • 0023222743 scopus 로고
    • Metamorphic changes within the lateral-line system of anura
    • Wahnschaffe, U., U. Bartsch, and B. Fritzsch (1987) Metamorphic changes within the lateral-line system of anura. Anat. Embryol., 175: 431-442.
    • (1987) Anat. Embryol. , vol.175 , pp. 431-442
    • Wahnschaffe, U.1    Bartsch, U.2    Fritzsch, B.3
  • 118
    • 0024840050 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of motor patterns: Aquatic feeding in salamanders and ray-finned fishes
    • Wainwright, P.C., C.P. Sanford, S.M. Reilly, and G.V. Lauder (1989) Evolution of motor patterns: aquatic feeding in salamanders and ray-finned fishes. Brain Behav. Evol., 34: 329-341.
    • (1989) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.34 , pp. 329-341
    • Wainwright, P.C.1    Sanford, C.P.2    Reilly, S.M.3    Lauder, G.V.4
  • 119
    • 0003026945 scopus 로고
    • Comparative osteology and evolution of the lungless salamanders, family Plethodontidae
    • Wake, D.B. (1966) Comparative osteology and evolution of the lungless salamanders, family Plethodontidae. Mem. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4: 1-111.
    • (1966) Mem. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. , vol.4 , pp. 1-111
    • Wake, D.B.1
  • 120
    • 0006221165 scopus 로고
    • Functional and developmental constraints and opportunities in the evolution of feeding systems in urodeles
    • (ed. by D. Mossakowski and G. Roth), Fischer, Stuttgart
    • Wake, D.B. (1982) Functional and developmental constraints and opportunities in the evolution of feeding systems in urodeles. In Environmental Adaptation and Evolution (ed. by D. Mossakowski and G. Roth), Fischer, Stuttgart, pp. 51-66.
    • (1982) Environmental Adaptation and Evolution , pp. 51-66
    • Wake, D.B.1
  • 121
    • 0029811328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct development in the lungless salamanders: Consequences for developmental biology, evolution, and phylogenesis
    • in press
    • Wake, D.B., and J. Hanken (1996) Direct development in the lungless salamanders: Consequences for developmental biology, evolution, and phylogenesis. Int. J. Dev. Biol. (in press).
    • (1996) Int. J. Dev. Biol.
    • Wake, D.B.1    Hanken, J.2
  • 122
    • 0002335052 scopus 로고
    • The linkage between ontogeny and phylogeny in the evolution of complex systems
    • (ed. by D.B. Wake and G. Roth), Wiley, Chichester
    • Wake, D.B., and G. Roth (1989) The linkage between ontogeny and phylogeny in the evolution of complex systems. In Complex Organismal Functions: Integration and Evolution in Vertebrates (ed. by D.B. Wake and G. Roth), Wiley, Chichester, pp. 361-377.
    • (1989) Complex Organismal Functions: Integration and Evolution in Vertebrates , pp. 361-377
    • Wake, D.B.1    Roth, G.2
  • 123
    • 0003132579 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenesis of direct development and viviparity in vertebrates
    • (ed. by D.B. Wake and G. Roth), Wiley, Chichester
    • Wake, M.H. (1989) Phylogenesis of direct development and viviparity in vertebrates. In Complex Organismal Functions: Integration and evolution in Vertebrates (ed. by D.B. Wake and G. Roth), Wiley, Chichester, pp. 235-250.
    • (1989) Complex Organismal Functions: Integration and Evolution in Vertebrates , pp. 235-250
    • Wake, M.H.1
  • 124
    • 0026844949 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of peripheral innervation of the tongue and hyobranchial apparatus in caecilians (Amphibia, Gymnophiona)
    • Wake, M.H. (1992) Patterns of peripheral innervation of the tongue and hyobranchial apparatus in caecilians (Amphibia, Gymnophiona). J. Morphol., 212: 37-53.
    • (1992) J. Morphol. , vol.212 , pp. 37-53
    • Wake, M.H.1
  • 125
    • 0028917987 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive plasticity in hatching age: A response to predation risk trade-offs
    • Warkentin, K.M. (1995) Adaptive plasticity in hatching age: a response to predation risk trade-offs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92: 3507-3510.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 3507-3510
    • Warkentin, K.M.1
  • 126
    • 0016402534 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of anuran life cycles
    • Wassersug, R.J. (1974) Evolution of anuran life cycles. Science, 185: 377-378.
    • (1974) Science , vol.185 , pp. 377-378
    • Wassersug, R.J.1
  • 127
    • 0000797796 scopus 로고
    • Developmental changes in the orientation of the anuran jaw suspension
    • Wassersug, R.J., and K. Hoff (1982) Developmental changes in the orientation of the anuran jaw suspension. Evol. Biol., 15: 223-246.
    • (1982) Evol. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 223-246
    • Wassersug, R.J.1    Hoff, K.2
  • 128
    • 0001044657 scopus 로고
    • Hormonal control of amphibian metamorphosis
    • (ed. by L.I. Gilbert and E. Frieden), Plenum Press, New York
    • White, B.A., and C.S. Nicoll (1981) Hormonal control of amphibian metamorphosis. In Metamorphosis: A Problem in Developmental Biology (2nd ed.) (ed. by L.I. Gilbert and E. Frieden), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 363-396.
    • (1981) Metamorphosis: A Problem in Developmental Biology (2nd Ed.) , pp. 363-396
    • White, B.A.1    Nicoll, C.S.2
  • 130
    • 0001348116 scopus 로고
    • Molecular heterochronies and heterotopies in early echinoid development
    • Wray, G.A., and D.R. McClay (1989) Molecular heterochronies and heterotopies in early echinoid development. Evolution, 43: 803-813.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 803-813
    • Wray, G.A.1    McClay, D.R.2
  • 131
    • 0001029668 scopus 로고
    • Pattern and process heterochronies in the early development of sea urchins
    • Wray, G.A., and R.A. Raff (1990) Pattern and process heterochronies in the early development of sea urchins. Sem. Dev. Biol., 1: 245-251.
    • (1990) Sem. Dev. Biol. , vol.1 , pp. 245-251
    • Wray, G.A.1    Raff, R.A.2
  • 132
    • 0004013527 scopus 로고
    • Rapid evolution of gastrulation mechanisms in a sea urchin with lecithotrophic larvae
    • Wray, G.A., and R.A. Raff (1991) Rapid evolution of gastrulation mechanisms in a sea urchin with lecithotrophic larvae. Evolution, 45: 1741-1750.
    • (1991) Evolution , vol.45 , pp. 1741-1750
    • Wray, G.A.1    Raff, R.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.