A down-to-earth assessment of stability concepts in ecology: Dreams, demands, and the real problems

Senckenbergiana Maritima

Volumn 27, Issue 3-6, 1996, Pages 215-226

  Grimm, Volker ^a  

^a HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH UFZ   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001045429     PISSN: 0080889X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. ARNTZ, W. E. & FAHRBACH, E. (1991): El Niño - Klimaexperiment der Natur: die physikalischen Ursachen und biologischen Folgen. - Basel, (Birkhäuser).
2. BALTENSWEILER, W. (1964): Zeiraphera griseana HÜBNER (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the European Alps. A contribution to the problem of cycles. - Cand. Entomol., 96: 792-800.
3. BALTENSWEILER, W. & FISCHLIN, A. (1988): The larch bud moth in the Alps. - In: BERRYMAN, A. [Ed.]: Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations: 332-351; New York.
4. BEDDINGTON, J. R. & FREE, C. A. & LAWTON, J. H. (1976): Concepts of stability and resilience in predator-prey models. - J. Anim. Ecol., 45: 791-816.
5. BERGER, U. & JETSCHKE, G. & FRÖBE, H. (1995): Können künstlich geschaffene island-Hzbitate Populationen auf bedrohten mainlands sichern? - Ein Modell zu einem Fallbeispiel. - Verh. GfÖ, 24: 193-200.
6. BORMANN, F. H. & LIKENS, G. E. (1979): Pattern and Process in Forested Ecosystem. - 253 pp.; New York (Springer).
7. BOTKIN, D. B. & SOBEL, M. J. (1975): Stability in time-varying ecosystems. - Amer. Naturalist, 109: 625-646.
8. CONNELL, J. H. & SLAYTER, R. O. (1977): Mechanisms of succession in natural communities and their role in community stability and organiziation. - Amer. Naturalist, 111: 1119-1144.
9. CONNELL, J. H. & SOUSA, W. P. (1983): On the evidence needed to judge ecological stability or persistence. - Amer. Naturalist, 121: 789-824.
10. DEANGELIS, D. L. (1992): Dynamics of Nutrient Cycling and Food Webs. - London (Chapman and Hall).
11. DEANGELIS, D. L. & WATERHOUSE, J. C. (1987): Equilibrium and nonequilibrium concepts in ecological models. - Ecol. Monogr., 57: 1-21.
12. DEANGELIS, D. L. & WATERHOUSE, J. C. & POST, W. M. & O'NEILL, R. V. (1985): Ecological modelling and disturbance evaluation. - Ecol. Model., 29: 399-419.
13. DRAKE, J. A. (1991): Community-assembly mechanics and the structure of an experimental species ensemble. - Amer. Naturalist, 137: 1-26.
14. DRAKE, J. A. & FLUM, T. E. & WITTEMAN, G. J. & VOSKUIL, T. & HOYLMAN, A. M. & CRESON, C. & KENNY, D. A. & HUXEL, G. R. & LARUE, C. S. & DUNCAN, J. R. (1993): The construction and assembly of an ecological landscape. - J. Anim. Ecol., 62: 117-130.
15. DRECHSLER, M. (1994): Stochastische Modelle zu den Überlebenschancen von Metapopulationen. - Doc.-Thes. Univ. Marburg, Germany.
16. FRANK, K. & DRECHSLER, M. & WISSEL, C. (1994): Überleben in fragmentierten Lebensräumen - Stochastische Modelle zu Metapopulationen. - Z. Ökol. Naturschutz, 3: 167-178.
17. GIGON, A. (1983): Typology and principles of ecological stability and instability. - Mountain Res. Dev., 3: 95-102.
18. _ (1984): Typologie und Erfassung der ökologischen Stabilität und Instabilität mit Beispielen aus Gebirgsökosystemen. - Verh. Ges. Ökol., 12: 13-29.
19. GIGON, A. & BOLZERN, H. (1988): Was ist das biologische Gleichgewicht? Überlegungen zur Erfassung eines Phänomens, das es strenggenommen gar nicht gibt. - Forsch, und Med., 1: 18-28.
20. GIGON, A. & GRIMM, V. (in press): Stabilitätskonzepte in der Ökologie: Typologie und Checkliste für die Anwendung. - In: FRÄNZLE, O. & MÜLLER, F. & SCHRÖDER, W. [Eds.]: Handbuch der Ökosystemforschung. - Landsberg (ecomed).
21. GILPIN, M. & HANSKI, I. (1991): Metapopulation Dynamics: Empirical and Theoretical Investigations. - 336 pp.; San Diego (Acad. Press).
22. GOH, B. S. (1980): Management and Analysis of Biological Populations. - 288 pp.; Amsterdam (Elsevier).
23. GOULD, S. J. (1989): Wonderful life. The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. - New York (Norton).
24. GRIMM, V. (1994a): Stabilitätskonzepte in der Ökologie: Terminologie, Anwendbarkeit und Bedeutung für die ökologische Modellierung. - Doc.-Thes. Univ. Marburg, Germany.
25. _ (1994b): Mathematical models and understanding in ecology. - Ecol. Model., 75/76: 641-651.
26. GRIMM, V. & UCHMASKI, J. (1994a): Dichteabhängigkeit und asymmetrische Konkurrenz zwischen Individuen: ein individuenbasiertes Modell. - Verh. Ges. Ökol., 23: 311-319.
27. _ & _ (1994b): Ecological systems are not dynamic systems: some consequences of individual variability. - In: GRASMAN, J. & STRATEN, G. VAN [Eds.]: Predictability and Nonlinear Modelling in Natural Sciences and Economics: 248-260; Dordrecht (Kluwer).
28. GRIMM, V. & SCHMIDT, E. & WISSEL, C. (1992): On the application of stability concepts in ecology. - Ecol. Model., 63: 143-161.
29. GRIMM, V. & FRANK, K. & JELTSCH, F. & BRANDL, R. & UCHMANSKI, J. & WISSEL, C. (1996): Pattern-oriented modelling in population ecology. - Science of the Total Environment, 183: 151-166.
30. GRIMM, V. & WISSEL, C. (in press): Babel, or the ecological stability discussions: An inventory and analysis of terminology and a guide for avoiding confusion. - Oecologia.
31. GRUBB, P. J. & HOPKINS, A. J. M. (1986): Resilience at the level of the plant community. - In: DELL, B. & HOPKINS, A. J. M. & LAMONT, B. B. [Eds.]: Resilience in Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems: 21-38; Dordrecht (Junk).
32. HARRISON, G. W. & FEKETE, S. (1980): Resistance of nutrient cycling systems to perturbations of the flow rates. - Ecol. Model., 10: 227-241.
33. HILDENBRANDT, H. & BENDER, C. & GRIMM, V. & HENLE, K. (1995): Ein individuenbasiertes Modell zur Beurteilung der Überlebenschancen kleiner Populationen der Mauereidechse (Podarcis muralis). - Verh. Ges. Ökol., 24: 207-214.
34. HOLLING, C. S. (1973): Resilience and stability of ecological systems. - Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 4: 1-23.
35. JØRGENSEN, S. E. & MEYER, H. (1977): Ecological buffer capacity. - Ecol. Model., 3: 39-61.
36. JAX, K. (1994): Mosaik-Zyklus und Patch-dynamics: Synonyme oder verschiedene Konzepte? Eine Einladung zur Diskussion. - Z. Ökol. Naturschutz, 3: 107-12.
37. JELTSCH, F. & WISSEL C. (1994): Modelling dieback phenomena in natural forests. - Ecol. Model., 75/76: 111-121.
38. LAW, R. & MORTON, R. D. (1996): Permanence and the assembly of ecological communities. - Ecology, 77: 762-775.
39. MAY, R. M. (1973): Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems. - Princeton (Princeton Univ. Press).
40. _ (1974): Stability in ecosystems: some comments. - In: N. N. [Eds.]: Proceedings of the First International Congress of Ecology. - 67 pp.; Wageningen (pudoc).
41. MCINTOSH, R. P. (1985): The Background of Ecology - Concept and Theory. - 383 pp.; Cambridge (Cambridge Univ. Press).
42. _ (1991): Concept and terminology of homogeneity and heterogeneity in ecology. - In: KOLASA, J. & PICKETT, S. T. A. [Eds.]: Ecological Heterogeneity: 24-46; Berlin (Springer).
43. MÜLLER, F. (1992): Hierarchical approaches to ecosystem theory. - Ecol. Model., 63: 215-242.
44. NEUERT, C. & DU PLESSIS, M. A. & GRIMM, V. & WISSEL, C. (1995): Welche ökologischen Faktoren bestimmen die Gruppengröße bei Phoeniculus purpureus (Gemeiner Baumhopf) in Südafrika? - Verh. Ges. Ökol., 24: 145-149.
45. ORIANS, G. H. (1975): Diversity, stability and maturity in natural ecosystems. - In: DOBBEN, W. H. VAN & LOWEMCDONNELL, R. H. [Eds.]: Unifying Concepts in Ecology: 139-149; The Hague (Junk).
46. OSTFELD, R. S. (1988): Fluctuations and constancy in populations of small rodents. - Amer. Naturalist, 131: 445-452.
47. PETERS, R. H. (1991): A Critique for Ecology. - Cambridge (Cambridge Univ. Press).
48. PIMM, S. L. (1984): The complexity and stability of ecosystems. - Nature, 307: 321-326.
49. _ (1991): The Balance of Nature? - Chicago (Univ. Chicago Press).
50. PIMM, S. L. & JONES, H. L. & DIAMOND, J. (1988): On the risk of extinction. - Amer. Naturalist, 132: 757-785.
51. POWELL, T. M. (1989): Physical and biological scales of variability in lakes, estuaries, and the coastal ocean. - In: ROUGHGARDEN, J. & MAY, R. M. & LEVIN, S. A. [Eds.]: Perspective in Ecological Theory: 157-176. - Princeton (Princeton Univ. Press).
52. RAHEL, F. J. (1990): The hierarchical nature of community persistence: a problem of scale. - Amer. Naturalist, 136: 328-344.
53. RATZ, A. (1994): Long-term spatial patterns created by fire: a model oriented towards boreal forests. - Int. J. Wildland Fire, 5: 25-34.
54. REMMERT, H. [Ed.] (1991): The Mosaic-Cycle Concept of Ecosystems. - Ecological Studies, 85: 168 pp.; Berlin (Springer).
55. SCHMIDT, E. & WISSEL, C. (1991): Modelle zur Klassifizierung und Quantifizierung ökologischer Stabilität. - Verh. Ges. Ökol., 19: 709-718.
56. SCHOENER, T. W. & SPILLER, D. A. (1992): Is extinction rate related to temporal variability in population size? An empirical answer for orb spiders. - Amer. Naturalist, 139: 1176-1207.
57. SCHWEGLER, H. (1985): Ökologische Stabilität. - Verh. Ges. Ökol., 13: 263-270.
58. SHRADER-FRECHETTE, K. S. & MCCOY, E. (1993): Method in Ecology - Strategies for Conservation. - 328 pp.; Cambridge (Cambridge Univ. Press).
59. USA, W. P. (1984): The role of disturbance in natural communities. - Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 15: 353-391.
60. STEELE, J. H. (1989): Discussion: Scale and coupling in ecological systems. - In: ROUGHGARDEN, J. & MAY, R. M. & LEVIN, S. A. [Eds.]: Perspectives in Ecological Theory: 177-180; Princeton (Princeton Univ. Press).
61. STEINMAN, A. D. & MULHOLLAND, P. J. & PALUMBO, A. V. & FLUM, T. F. & DEANGELIS, D. L. (1991): Resilience of lotic ecosystems to a light-elimination disturbance. - Ecology, 72: 1299-1313.
62. STEINMAN, A. D. & MULHOLLAND, P. J. & PALUMBO, A. V. & FLUM, T. F. & ELWOOD, J. W. & DEANGELIS, D. L. (1990): Resistance of lotic ecosystems to a light elimination disturbance: a laboratory stream study. - Oikos, 58: 80-90.
63. STELTER, C. & REICH, M. & GRIMM, V. & WISSEL, C. (1994): Ein Modell zur Dynamik einer Metapopulation von Bryodema tuberculata (Saltatoria, Acrididae): Kann diese Art überleben? - Verh. Ges. Ökol., 23: 383-390.
64. STÖCKER, G. (1974): Zur Stabilität und Belastbarkeit von Ökosystemen. - Arch. Naturschutz Landschaftsforsch., 14: 237-261.
65. SUTTMAN, C. E. & BARRETT, G. W. (1979): Effects of serin on arthropods in an agricultural and an old field plant community. - Ecology, 60: 628-641.
66. ULRICH, B. (1992): Forest ecosystem theory based on material balance. - Ecol. Model., 63: 163-183.
67. WEBSTER, J. R. & WAIDE, J. B. & PATTEN, B. C. (1975): Nutrient recycling and the stability of ecosystems. - In: HOWELL, F. G. & GENTRY, J. B. & SMITH, M. H. [Eds.]: Mineral Recycling and Stability of Ecosystems: 1-27; Washington DC (U.S. Energy Res.).
68. WIEGAND, T. & MILTON, S. J. & WISSEL, C. (1995): A simulation model for a shrub ecosystem in the semiarid Karoo, South Africa. - Ecology, 76: 2205-2221.
69. WIENS, J. A. (1984): On understanding a non-equilibrium world: myth and reality in community patterns and processes. - In: STRONG, D. R. & SIMBERLOFF, D. & ABELE, L. G. & THISTLE, A. B. [Eds.]: Community Ecology: Conceptual Issues and the Evidence: 439-457; Princeton (Princeton Univ. Press).
70. WILLIAMSON, M. (1972): The Analysis of Biological Populations. - 180 pp.; London (Arnold).
71. _ (1984): The measurement of population variability. - Ecol. Entomol., 9: 239-241.
72. _ (1987): Are communities ever stable? - Brit. ecol. Soc. Symp., 26: 353-371.
73. WISSEL, C. (1992): Aims and limits of ecological modelling exemplified by island theory. - Ecol. Model., 63: 1-12.
74. WISSEL, C. & STEPHAN, T. & ZASCHKE, S.-H. (1994): Modelling extinction and survival of small populations. - In: REMMERT, H. [Ed.]: Minimum Animal Populations. - Ecological Studies, 106: 67-103; Berlin (Springer).
75. WOLDA, H. (1978): Fluctuations in abundance of tropical insects. - Amer. Naturalist, 112: 1017-1045.