메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 125, Issue 1-2, 1996, Pages 107-120

Pathophysiological importance of various molecular forms of human choriogonadotropin

Author keywords

Choriogonadotropin; Fragment; hCG; Immunoassay; Subunit

Indexed keywords

CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; PROTEIN SUBUNIT;

EID: 0030596014     PISSN: 03037207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0303-7207(96)03941-X     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (19)

References (172)
  • 3
    • 0017737228 scopus 로고
    • hCG binding and stimulation of testosterone biosynthesis in the human fetal testis
    • [3] Huhtaniemi, I.T., Korenbrot, C.C. and Jaffe, R.B. (1977) hCG binding and stimulation of testosterone biosynthesis in the human fetal testis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 44, 963-967.
    • (1977) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.44 , pp. 963-967
    • Huhtaniemi, I.T.1    Korenbrot, C.C.2    Jaffe, R.B.3
  • 4
    • 0015375871 scopus 로고
    • Use of specific antisera to characterize biologic activity of hCGβ subunit preparations
    • [4] Rayford, P.L., Vaitukaitis, J.L., Ross, G.T., Morgan, F.J. and Canfield, R.E. (1972) Use of specific antisera to characterize biologic activity of hCGβ subunit preparations. Endocrinology 91, 144-146.
    • (1972) Endocrinology , vol.91 , pp. 144-146
    • Rayford, P.L.1    Vaitukaitis, J.L.2    Ross, G.T.3    Morgan, F.J.4    Canfield, R.E.5
  • 5
    • 0015547442 scopus 로고
    • Absence of intrinsic biological activity in LH and hCG subunits
    • [5] Catt, K.J., Dufau, M.L. and Tsuruhara, T. (1973) Absence of intrinsic biological activity in LH and hCG subunits. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 36, 73-80.
    • (1973) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.36 , pp. 73-80
    • Catt, K.J.1    Dufau, M.L.2    Tsuruhara, T.3
  • 6
    • 0026045952 scopus 로고
    • Free alpha molecules from pregnancy stimulate secretion of prolactin from human decidual cells: A novel function for free alpha in pregnancy
    • [6] Blithe, D.L., Richards, R.G. and Skarulis, M.C. (1991) Free alpha molecules from pregnancy stimulate secretion of prolactin from human decidual cells: a novel function for free alpha in pregnancy. Endocrinology 129, 2257-2259.
    • (1991) Endocrinology , vol.129 , pp. 2257-2259
    • Blithe, D.L.1    Richards, R.G.2    Skarulis, M.C.3
  • 7
    • 0029983210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycoprotein hormone α-subunit functions synergistically with progesterone to stimulate differentiation of cultured human endometrial stromal cells to decidualized cells: A vovel role for free α-subunit in reproduction
    • [7] Moy, E., Kimzey, L.M., Nelson, L.M and Blithe, D.L. (1996) Glycoprotein hormone α-subunit functions synergistically with progesterone to stimulate differentiation of cultured human endometrial stromal cells to decidualized cells: a vovel role for free α-subunit in reproduction. Endocrinology 137, 1332-1339.
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 1332-1339
    • Moy, E.1    Kimzey, L.M.2    Nelson, L.M.3    Blithe, D.L.4
  • 8
    • 0024340142 scopus 로고
    • Loss of tumorigenic potential by human lung tumor cells in the presence of antisense RNA specific to the ectopically synthesized alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin
    • [8] Rivera, R.T., Pasion, S.G., Wong, D.T.W., Fei, Y. and Biswas, D.K. (1989) Loss of tumorigenic potential by human lung tumor cells in the presence of antisense RNA specific to the ectopically synthesized alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. J. Cell Biol. 108, 2423-2434.
    • (1989) J. Cell Biol. , vol.108 , pp. 2423-2434
    • Rivera, R.T.1    Pasion, S.G.2    Wong, D.T.W.3    Fei, Y.4    Biswas, D.K.5
  • 9
    • 0027209679 scopus 로고
    • Human chorionic gonadotropin and free subunits stimulate phospholipid methylation in intact rat Leydig cells
    • [9] Ronco, A.M., Llanos, M.N. and Valladares, L.E. (1993) Human chorionic gonadotropin and free subunits stimulate phospholipid methylation in intact rat Leydig cells. Steroids 58, 314-319.
    • (1993) Steroids , vol.58 , pp. 314-319
    • Ronco, A.M.1    Llanos, M.N.2    Valladares, L.E.3
  • 10
    • 0030059855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin on the in vitro growth of bladder cancer cell lines
    • [10] Gillott, D.J., Iles, R.K. and Chard, T. (1996) The effects of beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin on the in vitro growth of bladder cancer cell lines. Br. J. Cancer 73, 323-326.
    • (1996) Br. J. Cancer , vol.73 , pp. 323-326
    • Gillott, D.J.1    Iles, R.K.2    Chard, T.3
  • 11
    • 0018909622 scopus 로고
    • Isoelectric heterogeneity of human chorionic gonadotropin: Presence of choriocarcinoma specific components
    • [11] Yazaki, K., Yazaki, C., Wakabayashi, K. and Igarashi, M. (1980) Isoelectric heterogeneity of human chorionic gonadotropin: Presence of choriocarcinoma specific components. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 138, 189-194.
    • (1980) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.138 , pp. 189-194
    • Yazaki, K.1    Yazaki, C.2    Wakabayashi, K.3    Igarashi, M.4
  • 12
    • 0024468744 scopus 로고
    • Reduced metabolic clearance of acidic variants of human choriogonadotropin from patients with testicular cancer
    • [12] Cassels, J.W., Mann, K., Blithe, D.L., Nisula, B.C. and Wehmann, R.E. (1989) Reduced metabolic clearance of acidic variants of human choriogonadotropin from patients with testicular cancer. Cancer 64, 2313-2318.
    • (1989) Cancer , vol.64 , pp. 2313-2318
    • Cassels, J.W.1    Mann, K.2    Blithe, D.L.3    Nisula, B.C.4    Wehmann, R.E.5
  • 13
    • 0021054473 scopus 로고
    • Structures of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of human chorionic gonadotropin produced in choriocarcinoma. Appearance of triantennary sugar chains and unique biantennary sugar chains
    • [13] Mizuochi, T., Nishimura, R. and Derappe (1983) Structures of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of human chorionic gonadotropin produced in choriocarcinoma. Appearance of triantennary sugar chains and unique biantennary sugar chains. J. Biol. Chem. 258, 14126.
    • (1983) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.258 , pp. 14126
    • Mizuochi, T.1    Nishimura, R.2    Derappe3
  • 15
    • 0025731558 scopus 로고
    • Structures of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of human chorionic gonadotropin from a patient with extragonadal germ cell tumor
    • [15] Endo, T., Nishimura, R., Teshima, S.-I., Ohkura, H., Baba, S. and Kobata, A. (1991) Structures of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of human chorionic gonadotropin from a patient with extragonadal germ cell tumor. Eur. J. Cancer 27, 277-280.
    • (1991) Eur. J. Cancer , vol.27 , pp. 277-280
    • Endo, T.1    Nishimura, R.2    Teshima, S.-I.3    Ohkura, H.4    Baba, S.5    Kobata, A.6
  • 16
    • 84995826612 scopus 로고
    • Detection of free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in cultures of normal and malignant trophoblastic cells, pregnancy sera, and sera of patients with choriocarcinoma
    • [16] Cole, L.A., Hartle, R.J., Laferla, J.J. and Ruddon, R.W. (1983) Detection of free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in cultures of normal and malignant trophoblastic cells, pregnancy sera, and sera of patients with choriocarcinoma. Endocrinology 113, 1176-1178.
    • (1983) Endocrinology , vol.113 , pp. 1176-1178
    • Cole, L.A.1    Hartle, R.J.2    Laferla, J.J.3    Ruddon, R.W.4
  • 17
    • 0022974184 scopus 로고
    • Purification and properties of a monoclonal antibody specific to the free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGβ) and its use in the isolation of free hCGβ produced by choriocarcinoma cells
    • [17] Thotakura, N.R. and Bahl, O.P. (1986) Purification and properties of a monoclonal antibody specific to the free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGβ) and its use in the isolation of free hCGβ produced by choriocarcinoma cells. Endocrinology 119, 1887-1894.
    • (1986) Endocrinology , vol.119 , pp. 1887-1894
    • Thotakura, N.R.1    Bahl, O.P.2
  • 18
    • 0025057982 scopus 로고
    • Combination of the chorionic gonadotropin free β-subunit with α
    • [18] Beebe, J.S., Huth, J.R. and Ruddon, R.W. (1990) Combination of the chorionic gonadotropin free β-subunit with α. Endocrinology 126, 384-391.
    • (1990) Endocrinology , vol.126 , pp. 384-391
    • Beebe, J.S.1    Huth, J.R.2    Ruddon, R.W.3
  • 19
    • 0021990139 scopus 로고
    • Isolated ectopic production of the free beta subunit of chorionic gonadotropin by an epidermoid carcinoma of unknown site
    • [19] Nagelberg, S.B., Marmorstein, B., Khazaeli, M.B. and Rosen, S.W. (1985) Isolated ectopic production of the free beta subunit of chorionic gonadotropin by an epidermoid carcinoma of unknown site. Cancer 55, 1924-1930.
    • (1985) Cancer , vol.55 , pp. 1924-1930
    • Nagelberg, S.B.1    Marmorstein, B.2    Khazaeli, M.B.3    Rosen, S.W.4
  • 21
    • 0019865596 scopus 로고
    • Use of glycosidase digested human chorionic gonadotropin β-subunit to explain the partial binding of ectopic glycoprotein hormones to con A
    • [21] Cole, L.A. and Hussa, R.O. (1981) Use of glycosidase digested human chorionic gonadotropin β-subunit to explain the partial binding of ectopic glycoprotein hormones to con A. Endocrinology 109, 2276-2278.
    • (1981) Endocrinology , vol.109 , pp. 2276-2278
    • Cole, L.A.1    Hussa, R.O.2
  • 22
    • 0016746042 scopus 로고
    • Differences between purified ectopic and normal alpha subunits of human glycoprotein hormones
    • [22] Weintraub, B.D., Krauth, G., Rosen, S.W. and Rabson, A.S. (1975) Differences between purified ectopic and normal alpha subunits of human glycoprotein hormones. J. Clin. Invest. 56, 1043-1052.
    • (1975) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.56 , pp. 1043-1052
    • Weintraub, B.D.1    Krauth, G.2    Rosen, S.W.3    Rabson, A.S.4
  • 23
    • 0018925634 scopus 로고
    • Increased glycosylation of serum human chorionic gonadotropin and subunits from eutopic and ectopic sources: Comparison with urinary and placental forms
    • [23] Fein, J.L., Rosen, S.W. and Weintraub, B.D. (1980) Increased glycosylation of serum human chorionic gonadotropin and subunits from eutopic and ectopic sources: Comparison with urinary and placental forms. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 50, 1111-1120.
    • (1980) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.50 , pp. 1111-1120
    • Fein, J.L.1    Rosen, S.W.2    Weintraub, B.D.3
  • 24
    • 0022375784 scopus 로고
    • Variations in the oligosaccharides of free and combined α-subunits of human choriogonadotropin in pregnancy
    • [24] Blithe, D.L. and Nisula, B.C. (1985) Variations in the oligosaccharides of free and combined α-subunits of human choriogonadotropin in pregnancy. Endocrinology 117, 2218-2228.
    • (1985) Endocrinology , vol.117 , pp. 2218-2228
    • Blithe, D.L.1    Nisula, B.C.2
  • 25
    • 0015093681 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between physicochemical, immunological and biological properties of human chorionic gonadotrophin. 1. Properties of human chorionic gonadotrophin as found in tissues and body fluids
    • [25] Matthies, D.L. and Diczfalusy, E. (1971) Relationships between physicochemical, immunological and biological properties of human chorionic gonadotrophin. 1. Properties of human chorionic gonadotrophin as found in tissues and body fluids. Acta Endocrinol. (Copenhagen) 67, 434-444.
    • (1971) Acta Endocrinol. (Copenhagen) , vol.67 , pp. 434-444
    • Matthies, D.L.1    Diczfalusy, E.2
  • 27
    • 0015891519 scopus 로고
    • Immunological and physiological characterization of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by tumors
    • [27] Vaitukaitis, J.L. (1973) Immunological and physiological characterization of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by tumors. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 37, 505-514.
    • (1973) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.37 , pp. 505-514
    • Vaitukaitis, J.L.1
  • 29
    • 0023845725 scopus 로고
    • Purification of β-core fragment from pregnancy urine and demonstration that its carbohydrate moieties differ from those of native human chorionic gonadotropin-β
    • [29] Blithe, D.L., Akar, A.H., Wehmann, R.E. and Nisula, B.C. (1988) Purification of β-core fragment from pregnancy urine and demonstration that its carbohydrate moieties differ from those of native human chorionic gonadotropin-β. Endocrinology 122, 173-180.
    • (1988) Endocrinology , vol.122 , pp. 173-180
    • Blithe, D.L.1    Akar, A.H.2    Wehmann, R.E.3    Nisula, B.C.4
  • 31
    • 0023691010 scopus 로고
    • Fragmentation of the β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin produced by choriocarcinoma
    • [31] Nishimura, R., Ide, K., Utsunomiya, T., Kitajima, T., Yuki, Y. and Mochizuki, M. (1988) Fragmentation of the β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin produced by choriocarcinoma. Endocrinology 123, 420-425.
    • (1988) Endocrinology , vol.123 , pp. 420-425
    • Nishimura, R.1    Ide, K.2    Utsunomiya, T.3    Kitajima, T.4    Yuki, Y.5    Mochizuki, M.6
  • 32
    • 0025136831 scopus 로고
    • Occurence of fragmentation of free and combined forms of the β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin
    • [32] Puisieux, A., Bellet, D., Troalen, F., Razafindratsita, A., Lhomme, C., Bohuon, C. and Bidart, J.-M. (1990) Occurence of fragmentation of free and combined forms of the β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. Endocrinology 126, 687-694.
    • (1990) Endocrinology , vol.126 , pp. 687-694
    • Puisieux, A.1    Bellet, D.2    Troalen, F.3    Razafindratsita, A.4    Lhomme, C.5    Bohuon, C.6    Bidart, J.-M.7
  • 33
    • 0025279533 scopus 로고
    • A nicked β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin purified from pregnancy urine
    • [33] Sakakibara, R., Miyazaki, S. and Ishiguro, M. (1990) A nicked β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin purified from pregnancy urine. J. Biochem. 107, 858-862.
    • (1990) J. Biochem. , vol.107 , pp. 858-862
    • Sakakibara, R.1    Miyazaki, S.2    Ishiguro, M.3
  • 35
    • 0020079022 scopus 로고
    • The kinetic and equilibrium parameters of subunit association and gonadotorpin dissociation
    • [35] Strickland, T.W. and Puett, D. (1982) The kinetic and equilibrium parameters of subunit association and gonadotorpin dissociation. J. Biol. Chem. 257, 2954-2960.
    • (1982) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.257 , pp. 2954-2960
    • Strickland, T.W.1    Puett, D.2
  • 36
    • 0026093598 scopus 로고
    • The heterogeneity of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). III. The occurrence and biological and immunological activities of nicked hCG
    • [36] Cole, L.A., Kardana, A., Andrade, G.P., Gawinowicz, M.A., Morris, J.C., Bergert, E.R., O'Connor, J. and Birken, S. (1991) The heterogeneity of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). III. The occurrence and biological and immunological activities of nicked hCG. Endocrinology 129, 1559-1567.
    • (1991) Endocrinology , vol.129 , pp. 1559-1567
    • Cole, L.A.1    Kardana, A.2    Andrade, G.P.3    Gawinowicz, M.A.4    Morris, J.C.5    Bergert, E.R.6    O'Connor, J.7    Birken, S.8
  • 37
    • 0026058685 scopus 로고
    • The heterogeneity of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). II. Characteristics and origins of nicks in hCG reference standards
    • [37] Birken, S., Gawinowicz, M.A., Kardana, A. and Cole, L.A. (1991) The heterogeneity of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). II. Characteristics and origins of nicks in hCG reference standards. Endocrinology 129, 1551-1558.
    • (1991) Endocrinology , vol.129 , pp. 1551-1558
    • Birken, S.1    Gawinowicz, M.A.2    Kardana, A.3    Cole, L.A.4
  • 38
    • 0014394845 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic clearance of human chorionic gonadotrophin administered to non pregnant women
    • [38] Wide, L., Johannisson, E., Tillinger, K.-G. and Diczfalusy, E. (1968) Metabolic clearance of human chorionic gonadotrophin administered to non pregnant women. Acta Endocrinol. (Copenhagen) 59, 579-594.
    • (1968) Acta Endocrinol. (Copenhagen) , vol.59 , pp. 579-594
    • Wide, L.1    Johannisson, E.2    Tillinger, K.-G.3    Diczfalusy, E.4
  • 40
    • 0019463979 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic and renal clearance rates of purified human chorionic gonadotropin
    • [40] Wehmann, R.E. and Nisula, B.C. (1981) Metabolic and renal clearance rates of purified human chorionic gonadotropin. J. Clin. Invest. 38, 184-194.
    • (1981) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.38 , pp. 184-194
    • Wehmann, R.E.1    Nisula, B.C.2
  • 41
    • 0023204870 scopus 로고
    • Similarity of the clearance rates of free α-subunit and α-subunit dissociated from intact human chorionic gonadotropin, despite differences in sialic acid contents
    • [41] Blithe, D.L. and Nisula, B.C. (1987) Similarity of the clearance rates of free α-subunit and α-subunit dissociated from intact human chorionic gonadotropin, despite differences in sialic acid contents. Endocrinology 121, 1215-1220.
    • (1987) Endocrinology , vol.121 , pp. 1215-1220
    • Blithe, D.L.1    Nisula, B.C.2
  • 42
    • 0019749301 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a small molecular size urinary immunoreactive human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) like substance produced by normal placenta and by hCG-secreting neoplasms
    • [42] Masure, H.R., Jaffee, W.L., Sickel, M.A., Birken, S., Canfield, R.E. and Vaitukaitis, J.L. (1981) Characterization of a small molecular size urinary immunoreactive human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) like substance produced by normal placenta and by hCG-secreting neoplasms. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 53, 1014-1020.
    • (1981) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.53 , pp. 1014-1020
    • Masure, H.R.1    Jaffee, W.L.2    Sickel, M.A.3    Birken, S.4    Canfield, R.E.5    Vaitukaitis, J.L.6
  • 45
    • 0015414389 scopus 로고
    • The in vivo behavior of human chorionic gonadotropin after dissociation into subunits
    • [45] Braunstein, G.D., Vaitukaitis, J.L. and Ross, G.T. (1972) The in vivo behavior of human chorionic gonadotropin after dissociation into subunits. Endocrinology 91, 1030-1036.
    • (1972) Endocrinology , vol.91 , pp. 1030-1036
    • Braunstein, G.D.1    Vaitukaitis, J.L.2    Ross, G.T.3
  • 46
    • 0015376946 scopus 로고
    • Ovarian binding of intact and desialylated hCG in vivo and in vitro
    • [46] Tsuruhara, T., van Hall, E.V., Dufau, M.L. and Catt, K.J. (1972) Ovarian binding of intact and desialylated hCG in vivo and in vitro. Endocrinology 91, 463-469.
    • (1972) Endocrinology , vol.91 , pp. 463-469
    • Tsuruhara, T.1    Van Hall, E.V.2    Dufau, M.L.3    Catt, K.J.4
  • 48
    • 0018975487 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a discrete degradation product of human chorionic gonadotropin β-subunit in humans
    • [48] Wehmann, R.E. and Nisula, B.C. (1980) Characterization of a discrete degradation product of human chorionic gonadotropin β-subunit in humans. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 51, 101-105.
    • (1980) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.51 , pp. 101-105
    • Wehmann, R.E.1    Nisula, B.C.2
  • 49
    • 0023759154 scopus 로고
    • Choriogonadotropin and its β subunit separated by hydrophobic-interaction chromatography and quantified in serum during pregnancy by time-resolved immunofluorometric assays
    • [49] Alfthan, H., Schröder, J., Fraser, R., Koskimies, A., Halila, H. and Stenman, U.-H. (1988) Choriogonadotropin and its β subunit separated by hydrophobic-interaction chromatography and quantified in serum during pregnancy by time-resolved immunofluorometric assays. Clin. Chem. (NY) 34, 1758-1762.
    • (1988) Clin. Chem. (NY) , vol.34 , pp. 1758-1762
    • Alfthan, H.1    Schröder, J.2    Fraser, R.3    Koskimies, A.4    Halila, H.5    Stenman, U.-H.6
  • 50
    • 0017204889 scopus 로고
    • A new reference preparation of human chorionic gonadotropin and its subunits
    • [50] Canfield, R.E. and Ross, G.T. (1976) A new reference preparation of human chorionic gonadotropin and its subunits. Bull. WHO 54, 436-470.
    • (1976) Bull. WHO , vol.54 , pp. 436-470
    • Canfield, R.E.1    Ross, G.T.2
  • 51
    • 0018837225 scopus 로고
    • International reference preparation of human chorionic gonadotrophin for immunoassay: Potency estimates in various bioassay and protein binding assay systems; and international reference preparations of α and β subunits of human chorionic gonadotrophin for immunoassay
    • [51] Storring, P.L., Gaines-Das, R.E. and Bangham, D.R. (1980) International reference preparation of human chorionic gonadotrophin for immunoassay: Potency estimates in various bioassay and protein binding assay systems; and international reference preparations of α and β subunits of human chorionic gonadotrophin for immunoassay. J. Endocrinol. 84, 295-310.
    • (1980) J. Endocrinol. , vol.84 , pp. 295-310
    • Storring, P.L.1    Gaines-Das, R.E.2    Bangham, D.R.3
  • 52
    • 0023918808 scopus 로고
    • β-core fragments are contaminants of the World Health Organization reference preparations of human choriogonadotropin and its α-subunit
    • [52] Wehmann, R.E., Blithe, D.L., Akar, A.H. and Nisula, B.C. (1988) β-core fragments are contaminants of the World Health Organization reference preparations of human choriogonadotropin and its α-subunit. J. Endocrinol. 117, 147-152.
    • (1988) J. Endocrinol. , vol.117 , pp. 147-152
    • Wehmann, R.E.1    Blithe, D.L.2    Akar, A.H.3    Nisula, B.C.4
  • 53
    • 0026540423 scopus 로고
    • Discordant results in human chorionic gonadotropin assays
    • [53] Cole, L.A. and Kardana, A. (1992) Discordant results in human chorionic gonadotropin assays. Clin. Chem. 38, 263-270.
    • (1992) Clin. Chem. , vol.38 , pp. 263-270
    • Cole, L.A.1    Kardana, A.2
  • 54
    • 0027414484 scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of UGP and its relationship with beta-core fragment
    • [54] Kardana, A., Bagshawe, K.D., Coles, B., Read, D. and Taylor, M. (1993) Characterisation of UGP and its relationship with beta-core fragment. Br. J. Cancer 67, 686-692.
    • (1993) Br. J. Cancer , vol.67 , pp. 686-692
    • Kardana, A.1    Bagshawe, K.D.2    Coles, B.3    Read, D.4    Taylor, M.5
  • 55
    • 0023687265 scopus 로고
    • Urinary gonadotropin fragments (UGF) in cancers of the female reproductive system. I. Sensitivity and specificity, comparison with other markers
    • [55] Cole, L.A., Schwartz, P.E. and Wang, Y. (1988) Urinary gonadotropin fragments (UGF) in cancers of the female reproductive system. I. Sensitivity and specificity, comparison with other markers. Gynecol. Oncol. 31, 82-90.
    • (1988) Gynecol. Oncol. , vol.31 , pp. 82-90
    • Cole, L.A.1    Schwartz, P.E.2    Wang, Y.3
  • 57
    • 0025831413 scopus 로고
    • Development and characterization of a new, highly specific antibody to the human chorionic gonadotropin-β fragment
    • [57] Krichevsky, A., Birken, S., O'Connor, J., Bikel, K., Schlatterer, J., Yi, C., Agosto, G. and Canfield, R.E. (1991) Development and characterization of a new, highly specific antibody to the human chorionic gonadotropin-β fragment. Endocrinology 128, 1255-1264.
    • (1991) Endocrinology , vol.128 , pp. 1255-1264
    • Krichevsky, A.1    Birken, S.2    O'Connor, J.3    Bikel, K.4    Schlatterer, J.5    Yi, C.6    Agosto, G.7    Canfield, R.E.8
  • 58
    • 0019977587 scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin from the time of implantation until the second week of pregnancy
    • [58] Lenton, E.A., Neal L.M. and Sulaiman, R. (1982) Plasma concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin from the time of implantation until the second week of pregnancy. Fertil. Steril. 37, 773-778.
    • (1982) Fertil. Steril. , vol.37 , pp. 773-778
    • Lenton, E.A.1    Neal, L.M.2    Sulaiman, R.3
  • 59
    • 0021822506 scopus 로고
    • Doubling times of human chorionic gonadotropin increase in early viable intrauterine pregnancies
    • [59] Pittaway, D.E., Reish, R.L. and Wentz, A.C. (1986) Doubling times of human chorionic gonadotropin increase in early viable intrauterine pregnancies. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 152, 299-302.
    • (1986) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.152 , pp. 299-302
    • Pittaway, D.E.1    Reish, R.L.2    Wentz, A.C.3
  • 61
    • 0011281173 scopus 로고
    • The structure and function of follicle- stimulating hormone
    • (McKearns, K.W., ed.), Plenum Press, New York
    • [61] Saxena, B.B. and Rathnam, P. (1978) The structure and function of follicle- stimulating hormone. In: Structure and Function of the Gonadotropins (McKearns, K.W., ed.), pp. 183-212, Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1978) Structure and Function of the Gonadotropins , pp. 183-212
    • Saxena, B.B.1    Rathnam, P.2
  • 62
    • 0018935126 scopus 로고
    • Serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin and its alpha and beta subunits. 1. During normal singleton and twin pregnancies
    • [62] Reuter, A.M., Gaspard, U.J., Deville, J.-L., Vrindts-Gevaert, Y. and Franchimont, P. (1980) Serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin and its alpha and beta subunits. 1. During normal singleton and twin pregnancies. Clin. Endocrinol. (NY) 13, 305-318.
    • (1980) Clin. Endocrinol. (NY) , vol.13 , pp. 305-318
    • Reuter, A.M.1    Gaspard, U.J.2    Deville, J.-L.3    Vrindts-Gevaert, Y.4    Franchimont, P.5
  • 63
    • 0015951006 scopus 로고
    • Serum chorionic gonadotropin activity after molar pregnancy, therapeutic abortion, and term delivery
    • [63] Pastorfide, G.B., Goldstein, D.P., Kosasa, T.S. and Levesque, L. (1974) Serum chorionic gonadotropin activity after molar pregnancy, therapeutic abortion, and term delivery. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 118, 293-294.
    • (1974) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.118 , pp. 293-294
    • Pastorfide, G.B.1    Goldstein, D.P.2    Kosasa, T.S.3    Levesque, L.4
  • 64
    • 0023116161 scopus 로고
    • Physiological studies of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), αhCG and βhCG as measured by specific monoclonal immunoradiometric assays
    • [64] Ozturk, M., Bellet, D., Manil, L., Hennen, G., Frydman, R. and Wands, J. (1987) Physiological studies of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), αhCG and βhCG as measured by specific monoclonal immunoradiometric assays. Endocrinology 120, 549-558.
    • (1987) Endocrinology , vol.120 , pp. 549-558
    • Ozturk, M.1    Bellet, D.2    Manil, L.3    Hennen, G.4    Frydman, R.5    Wands, J.6
  • 65
    • 0019846982 scopus 로고
    • Human chorionic gonadotropin α-subunit in pregnancy
    • [65] Benveniste, R. and Scommegna, A. (1981) Human chorionic gonadotropin α-subunit in pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 141, 952-961.
    • (1981) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.141 , pp. 952-961
    • Benveniste, R.1    Scommegna, A.2
  • 66
    • 0018129925 scopus 로고
    • The circulating alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin in gynaecologic tumors
    • [66] Rutanen, E.-M. (1978) The circulating alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin in gynaecologic tumors. Int. J. Cancer 22, 413-421.
    • (1978) Int. J. Cancer , vol.22 , pp. 413-421
    • Rutanen, E.-M.1
  • 67
    • 0025276253 scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy serum contains the β-core fragment of human choriogonadotropin
    • [67] Alfthan, H. and Stenman, U.-H. (1990) Pregnancy serum contains the β-core fragment of human choriogonadotropin. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 70, 783-787.
    • (1990) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.70 , pp. 783-787
    • Alfthan, H.1    Stenman, U.-H.2
  • 68
    • 0025117524 scopus 로고
    • Disparity between β-core levels in pregnancy urine and serum: Implications for the origin of urinary β-core
    • [68] Wehmann, R.E., Blithe, D.L., Akar, A.H. and Nisula, B.C. (1990) Disparity between β-core levels in pregnancy urine and serum: Implications for the origin of urinary β-core. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 70, 371-378.
    • (1990) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.70 , pp. 371-378
    • Wehmann, R.E.1    Blithe, D.L.2    Akar, A.H.3    Nisula, B.C.4
  • 69
    • 0025109936 scopus 로고
    • Serum hCG β-core fragment is masked by associated macromolecules
    • [69] Kardana, A. and Cole, L.A. (1990) Serum hCG β-core fragment is masked by associated macromolecules. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 71, 1393-1395.
    • (1990) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.71 , pp. 1393-1395
    • Kardana, A.1    Cole, L.A.2
  • 70
    • 0026713660 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of the β-core human chorionic gonadotrophin fragment in human body fluids
    • [70] de Medeiros, S.F., Amato, F., Bacich, D., Wang, L., Matthews, C.D. and Norman, R.J. (1992) Distribution of the β-core human chorionic gonadotrophin fragment in human body fluids. J. Endocrinol. 135, 175-188.
    • (1992) J. Endocrinol. , vol.135 , pp. 175-188
    • De Medeiros, S.F.1    Amato, F.2    Bacich, D.3    Wang, L.4    Matthews, C.D.5    Norman, R.J.6
  • 71
    • 0027260633 scopus 로고
    • Structure and significance of human luteinizing hormone-β core fragment purified from human pituitary extracts
    • [71] Birken, S., Chen, Y., Gawinowicz, M.A., Agosto, G.M., Canfield, R.E. and Hartree, A.S. (1993) Structure and significance of human luteinizing hormone-β core fragment purified from human pituitary extracts. Endocrinology 133, 985-989.
    • (1993) Endocrinology , vol.133 , pp. 985-989
    • Birken, S.1    Chen, Y.2    Gawinowicz, M.A.3    Agosto, G.M.4    Canfield, R.E.5    Hartree, A.S.6
  • 72
    • 0023788624 scopus 로고
    • Origin and occurrence of human chorionic gonadotropin β-subunit core fragment
    • [72] Cole, L.A. and Birken, S. (1988) Origin and occurrence of human chorionic gonadotropin β-subunit core fragment. Mol. Endocrinol. 2, 826-830.
    • (1988) Mol. Endocrinol. , vol.2 , pp. 826-830
    • Cole, L.A.1    Birken, S.2
  • 73
    • 0020611361 scopus 로고
    • Specificity of human β- choriogonadotropin assays for the hormone and for an immunoreactive fragment present in the urine during normal pregnancy
    • [73] Schroeder, H.R. and Halter, C.M. (1983) Specificity of human β- choriogonadotropin assays for the hormone and for an immunoreactive fragment present in the urine during normal pregnancy. Clin. Chem. 29, 667-671.
    • (1983) Clin. Chem. , vol.29 , pp. 667-671
    • Schroeder, H.R.1    Halter, C.M.2
  • 74
    • 0023921968 scopus 로고
    • β-core fragment is a major form of immunoreactive urinary chorionic gonadotropin in human pregnancy
    • [74] Kato, Y. and Braunstein, G.D. (1988) β-core fragment is a major form of immunoreactive urinary chorionic gonadotropin in human pregnancy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 66, 1197-1201.
    • (1988) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.66 , pp. 1197-1201
    • Kato, Y.1    Braunstein, G.D.2
  • 75
    • 0026611914 scopus 로고
    • Urinary concentrations of beta core fragment of hCG throughout pregnancy
    • [75] de Medeiros, S.F., Amato, F., Matthews, C.D. and Norman, R.J. (1992) Urinary concentrations of beta core fragment of hCG throughout pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol. 80, 223-228.
    • (1992) Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.80 , pp. 223-228
    • De Medeiros, S.F.1    Amato, F.2    Matthews, C.D.3    Norman, R.J.4
  • 76
    • 0027315192 scopus 로고
    • Selecting human chorionic gonadotropin immunoassays: Consideration of crossreacting molecules in first-trimester pregnancy serum and urine
    • [76] Cole, L.A., Seifer, D.B., Kardana, A. and Braunstein, G.D. (1993) Selecting human chorionic gonadotropin immunoassays: consideration of crossreacting molecules in first-trimester pregnancy serum and urine. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 168, 1580-1586.
    • (1993) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.168 , pp. 1580-1586
    • Cole, L.A.1    Seifer, D.B.2    Kardana, A.3    Braunstein, G.D.4
  • 77
    • 0018092174 scopus 로고
    • Modification of the choriogonadotropin beta-subunit radioimmunoassay for determination of urinary choriogonadotropin
    • [77] McCready, J., Braunstein, G.D., Helm, D. and Wade, M.E. (1978) Modification of the choriogonadotropin beta-subunit radioimmunoassay for determination of urinary choriogonadotropin. Clin. Chem. 24, 1958-1961.
    • (1978) Clin. Chem. , vol.24 , pp. 1958-1961
    • McCready, J.1    Braunstein, G.D.2    Helm, D.3    Wade, M.E.4
  • 78
    • 0023680857 scopus 로고
    • Blood or urine measurement of human chorionic gonadotropin for detection of ectopic pregnancy? A comparative study of quantitative and qualitative methods in both fluids
    • [78] Norman, R.J., Buck, R.H., Rom, L. and Joubert, S.M. (1988) Blood or urine measurement of human chorionic gonadotropin for detection of ectopic pregnancy? A comparative study of quantitative and qualitative methods in both fluids. Obstet. Gynecol. 71, 315-318.
    • (1988) Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.71 , pp. 315-318
    • Norman, R.J.1    Buck, R.H.2    Rom, L.3    Joubert, S.M.4
  • 79
    • 0023620389 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the free alpha subunit of human glycoprotein hormones by a monoclonal antibody-based immunoradiometric assay, and further exploration of antigenic sites on the choriogonadotropin molecule
    • [79] Norman, R.J., Haneef, R., Buck, R.H. and Joubert, S.M. (1987) Measurement of the free alpha subunit of human glycoprotein hormones by a monoclonal antibody-based immunoradiometric assay, and further exploration of antigenic sites on the choriogonadotropin molecule. Clin. Chem. 33, 1147-1151.
    • (1987) Clin. Chem. , vol.33 , pp. 1147-1151
    • Norman, R.J.1    Haneef, R.2    Buck, R.H.3    Joubert, S.M.4
  • 80
    • 0021967246 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of human chorionic gonadotropin, prolactin, and growth hormone in serum and amniotic fluid throughout normal human pregnancy
    • [80] Kletzky, O.A., Rossman, F., Bertolli, S.I., Platt, L.D. and Mishell, D.R. (1985) Dynamics of human chorionic gonadotropin, prolactin, and growth hormone in serum and amniotic fluid throughout normal human pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 151, 878-884.
    • (1985) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.151 , pp. 878-884
    • Kletzky, O.A.1    Rossman, F.2    Bertolli, S.I.3    Platt, L.D.4    Mishell, D.R.5
  • 81
    • 0024272590 scopus 로고
    • Physiological studies of human chorionic gonadotropin and free subunits in the amniotic fluid compartment compared to those in maternal serum
    • [81] Ozturk, M., Brown, N., Milunsky, A. and Wands, J. (1988) Physiological studies of human chorionic gonadotropin and free subunits in the amniotic fluid compartment compared to those in maternal serum. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 67, 1117-1121.
    • (1988) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.67 , pp. 1117-1121
    • Ozturk, M.1    Brown, N.2    Milunsky, A.3    Wands, J.4
  • 82
    • 0018409809 scopus 로고
    • Plasma hCG levels in patients with bleeding in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy
    • [82] Jouppila, P., Tapanainen, J. and Huhtaniemi, I. (1979) Plasma hCG levels in patients with bleeding in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 86, 343-349.
    • (1979) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. , vol.86 , pp. 343-349
    • Jouppila, P.1    Tapanainen, J.2    Huhtaniemi, I.3
  • 85
    • 0017862020 scopus 로고
    • First-trimester chorionic gonadotropin measurements as an aid in the diagnosis of early pregnancy disorders
    • [85] Braunstein, G.D., Karow, W.G., Gentry, W.C., Rasor, J. and Wade, M.E. (1978) First-trimester chorionic gonadotropin measurements as an aid in the diagnosis of early pregnancy disorders. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 131, 25-32.
    • (1978) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.131 , pp. 25-32
    • Braunstein, G.D.1    Karow, W.G.2    Gentry, W.C.3    Rasor, J.4    Wade, M.E.5
  • 86
    • 0020053576 scopus 로고
    • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the relative efficacy of single and serial chorionic gonadotropin determinations in the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy
    • [86] Kadar, N., DeCherney, A.H. and Romero, R. (1982) Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the relative efficacy of single and serial chorionic gonadotropin determinations in the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Fertil. Steril. 37, 542-547.
    • (1982) Fertil. Steril. , vol.37 , pp. 542-547
    • Kadar, N.1    DeCherney, A.H.2    Romero, R.3
  • 87
    • 0025119443 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy by vaginal ultrasonography in combination with a discriminatory serum hCG level of 1000 IU/1 (IRP)
    • [87] Cacciatore, B., Stenman, U.-H. and Ylöstalo, P. (1990) Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy by vaginal ultrasonography in combination with a discriminatory serum hCG level of 1000 IU/1 (IRP). Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 97, 904-908.
    • (1990) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. , vol.97 , pp. 904-908
    • Cacciatore, B.1    Stenman, U.-H.2    Ylöstalo, P.3
  • 88
    • 0028039802 scopus 로고
    • Early screening for ectopic pregnancy in high-risk symptom-free women
    • [88] Cacciatore, B., Stenman, U.H. and Ylöstalo, P. (1994) Early screening for ectopic pregnancy in high-risk symptom-free women. Lancet 343, 517-518.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , pp. 517-518
    • Cacciatore, B.1    Stenman, U.H.2    Ylöstalo, P.3
  • 90
    • 0022621035 scopus 로고
    • Progesterone, estradiol, and α-human chorionic gonadotropin secretion in patients with ectopic pregnancy
    • [90] Barnea, E.R., Oelsner, G., Benveniste, R., Romero, R. and DeCherney, A.H. (1986) Progesterone, estradiol, and α-human chorionic gonadotropin secretion in patients with ectopic pregnancy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 62, 529-531.
    • (1986) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.62 , pp. 529-531
    • Barnea, E.R.1    Oelsner, G.2    Benveniste, R.3    Romero, R.4    DeCherney, A.H.5
  • 91
    • 0023639762 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal maternal serum chorionic gonadotropin levels in pregnancies with fetasl chromosome abnormalities
    • [91] Bogart, M.H., Pandiani, M.R. and Jones, O.W. (1988) Abnormal maternal serum chorionic gonadotropin levels in pregnancies with fetasl chromosome abnormalities. Prenatal Diagn. 7, 623-630.
    • (1988) Prenatal Diagn. , vol.7 , pp. 623-630
    • Bogart, M.H.1    Pandiani, M.R.2    Jones, O.W.3
  • 94
    • 0025911920 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of an assay of the free beta-subunit of choriogonadotropin and its potential value in screening for Down's syndrome
    • [94] Spencer, K. (1991) Evaluation of an assay of the free beta-subunit of choriogonadotropin and its potential value in screening for Down's syndrome. Clin. Chem. 37, 809-814.
    • (1991) Clin. Chem. , vol.37 , pp. 809-814
    • Spencer, K.1
  • 95
    • 0027431308 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous dual-label assay of alpha-fetoprotein and the free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin by time-resolved detection of fluorescent europium and samarium chelates
    • [95] Pettersson, K., Alfthan, H., Stenman, U.-H., Turpeinen, U., Suonpää, M., Söderholm, J., Olesen Larsen, S. and Nørgaard-Pedersen, B. (1993) Simultaneous dual-label assay of alpha-fetoprotein and the free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin by time-resolved detection of fluorescent europium and samarium chelates. Clin. Chem. 39, 2084-2089.
    • (1993) Clin. Chem. , vol.39 , pp. 2084-2089
    • Pettersson, K.1    Alfthan, H.2    Stenman, U.-H.3    Turpeinen, U.4    Suonpää, M.5    Söderholm, J.6    Olesen Larsen, S.7    Nørgaard-Pedersen, B.8
  • 97
    • 0016830703 scopus 로고
    • Presence in normal human testes of a chorionic-gonadotropin-like substance distinct from human luteinizing hormone
    • [97] Braunstein, G.D., Rasor, J. and Wade, M.E. (1975) Presence in normal human testes of a chorionic-gonadotropin-like substance distinct from human luteinizing hormone. N. Engl. J. Med. 293, 1339-1343.
    • (1975) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.293 , pp. 1339-1343
    • Braunstein, G.D.1    Rasor, J.2    Wade, M.E.3
  • 98
    • 0017688110 scopus 로고
    • Human chorionic gonadotropin-like substance in nonendocrine tissues of normal subjects
    • [98] Yoshimoto, Y., Wolfsen, A.R. and Odell, W.D. (1977) Human chorionic gonadotropin-like substance in nonendocrine tissues of normal subjects. Science 197, 575-577.
    • (1977) Science , vol.197 , pp. 575-577
    • Yoshimoto, Y.1    Wolfsen, A.R.2    Odell, W.D.3
  • 99
    • 0018570374 scopus 로고
    • Widespread distribution of a chorionic gonadotropin-like substance in normal human tissues
    • [99] Braunstein, G.D., Kamdar, V., Rasor, J., Swaminathan, N. and Wade, M.E. (1979) Widespread distribution of a chorionic gonadotropin-like substance in normal human tissues. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 49, 917-925.
    • (1979) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.49 , pp. 917-925
    • Braunstein, G.D.1    Kamdar, V.2    Rasor, J.3    Swaminathan, N.4    Wade, M.E.5
  • 100
    • 0020664675 scopus 로고
    • Studies of the human chorionic gonadotrophin-like substance of human pituitary glands and its significance
    • [100] Hartree, A.S., Shownkeen, R.C., Stevens, V.C., Matsuura, S., Ohashi, M. and Chen, H.-C. (1983) Studies of the human chorionic gonadotrophin-like substance of human pituitary glands and its significance. J. Endocrinol. 96, 115-126.
    • (1983) J. Endocrinol. , vol.96 , pp. 115-126
    • Hartree, A.S.1    Shownkeen, R.C.2    Stevens, V.C.3    Matsuura, S.4    Ohashi, M.5    Chen, H.-C.6
  • 101
    • 0025359026 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and free beta-subunit of hCG in the human pituitary
    • [101] Hoermann, R., Spoettl, G., Moncayo, R. and Mann, K. (1990) Evidence for the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and free beta-subunit of hCG in the human pituitary. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 71, 179-186.
    • (1990) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.71 , pp. 179-186
    • Hoermann, R.1    Spoettl, G.2    Moncayo, R.3    Mann, K.4
  • 102
    • 0024397526 scopus 로고
    • Prescence of βhCG mRNA in the human pituitary
    • [102] van Strien, A. and van Wezenbeek, P. (1989) Prescence of βhCG mRNA in the human pituitary. Nucleic Acids Res. 17, 5406.
    • (1989) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.17 , pp. 5406
    • Van Strien, A.1    Van Wezenbeek, P.2
  • 103
    • 0015509601 scopus 로고
    • A radioimmunoassay which specifically measures human chorionic gonadotropin in the presence of human luteinizing hormone
    • [103] Vaitukaitis, J.L., Braunstein, G.D. and Ross, G.T. (1972) A radioimmunoassay which specifically measures human chorionic gonadotropin in the presence of human luteinizing hormone. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 113, 751-758.
    • (1972) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.113 , pp. 751-758
    • Vaitukaitis, J.L.1    Braunstein, G.D.2    Ross, G.T.3
  • 104
    • 0018647379 scopus 로고
    • Human chorionic gonadotropin in the plasma of normal nonpregnant subjects
    • [104] Borkowski, A. and Muquardt, C. (1979) Human chorionic gonadotropin in the plasma of normal nonpregnant subjects. N. Engl. J. Med. 301, 298-302.
    • (1979) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.301 , pp. 298-302
    • Borkowski, A.1    Muquardt, C.2
  • 105
    • 0023116880 scopus 로고
    • Serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin in nonpregnant women and men are modulated by gonadotropin releasing hormone and sex steroids
    • [105] Stenman, U.-H., Alfthan, H., Ranta, T., Vartiainen, E., Jalkanen, J. and Seppälä, M. (1987) Serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin in nonpregnant women and men are modulated by gonadotropin releasing hormone and sex steroids. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 64, 730-736.
    • (1987) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.64 , pp. 730-736
    • Stenman, U.-H.1    Alfthan, H.2    Ranta, T.3    Vartiainen, E.4    Jalkanen, J.5    Seppälä, M.6
  • 106
    • 0023607057 scopus 로고
    • Pulsatile secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin in normal adults
    • [106] Odell, W.D. and Griffin, J. (1987) Pulsatile secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin in normal adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 317, 1688-1691.
    • (1987) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.317 , pp. 1688-1691
    • Odell, W.D.1    Griffin, J.2
  • 107
    • 0026452805 scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of hCG, βhCG and cβhCG in serum and urine of nonpregnant women and men
    • [107] Alfthan, H., Haglund, C., Dabek, J. and Stenman, U.-H. (1992) Concentrations of hCG, βhCG and cβhCG in serum and urine of nonpregnant women and men. Clin. Chem. 38, 1981-1987.
    • (1992) Clin. Chem. , vol.38 , pp. 1981-1987
    • Alfthan, H.1    Haglund, C.2    Dabek, J.3    Stenman, U.-H.4
  • 108
    • 0026533499 scopus 로고
    • Free α-subunit, free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and intact hCG in sera of healthy individuals and testicular cancer patients
    • [108] Madersbacher, S., Klieber, R., Mann, K., Marth, C., Tabarelli, M., Wick, G. and Berger, P. (1992) Free α-subunit, free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and intact hCG in sera of healthy individuals and testicular cancer patients. Clin. Chem. 38, 370-376.
    • (1992) Clin. Chem. , vol.38 , pp. 370-376
    • Madersbacher, S.1    Klieber, R.2    Mann, K.3    Marth, C.4    Tabarelli, M.5    Wick, G.6    Berger, P.7
  • 109
    • 0026675258 scopus 로고
    • Elevation of free β subunit of human choriogonadotropin and core β fragment of human choriogonadotropin in serum and urine of patients with malignant pancreatic and biliary disease
    • [109] Alfthan, H., Haglund, C., Roberts, P. and Stenman, U.-H. (1992) Elevation of free β subunit of human choriogonadotropin and core β fragment of human choriogonadotropin in serum and urine of patients with malignant pancreatic and biliary disease. Cancer Res. 52, 4628-4633.
    • (1992) Cancer Res. , vol.52 , pp. 4628-4633
    • Alfthan, H.1    Haglund, C.2    Roberts, P.3    Stenman, U.-H.4
  • 111
    • 0004930336 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a gonadotropin from nonpregnant subjects that has physiological, immunological, and biological similarities to human chorionic gonadotropin
    • [111] Chen, H.-C., Hodgen, G.D., Matsuura, S., Lin, L.J., Gross, E., Reichert, L.E.J., Birken, S., Canfield, R.E. and Ross, G.T. (1976) Evidence for a gonadotropin from nonpregnant subjects that has physiological, immunological, and biological similarities to human chorionic gonadotropin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 2885-2889.
    • (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.73 , pp. 2885-2889
    • Chen, H.-C.1    Hodgen, G.D.2    Matsuura, S.3    Lin, L.J.4    Gross, E.5    Reichert, L.E.J.6    Birken, S.7    Canfield, R.E.8    Ross, G.T.9
  • 113
    • 0021130983 scopus 로고
    • Use of a highly sensitive and specific immunoradiometric assay for detection of human chorionic gonadotropin in urine of normal, nonpregnant, and pregnant individuals
    • [113] Armstrong, E.G., Ehrlich, P.H., Birken, S., Schlatterer, J.P., Siris, E., Hembree, W.C. and Canfield, R.E. (1984) Use of a highly sensitive and specific immunoradiometric assay for detection of human chorionic gonadotropin in urine of normal, nonpregnant, and pregnant individuals. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 59, 867-874.
    • (1984) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.59 , pp. 867-874
    • Armstrong, E.G.1    Ehrlich, P.H.2    Birken, S.3    Schlatterer, J.P.4    Siris, E.5    Hembree, W.C.6    Canfield, R.E.7
  • 114
    • 0025232722 scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibodies against free subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin
    • [114] Berger, P., Klieber, R., Panmoung, W., Madersbacher, S., Wolf, H. and Wick, G. (1990) Monoclonal antibodies against free subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin. J. Endocrinol. 125, 301-309.
    • (1990) J. Endocrinol. , vol.125 , pp. 301-309
    • Berger, P.1    Klieber, R.2    Panmoung, W.3    Madersbacher, S.4    Wolf, H.5    Wick, G.6
  • 115
    • 0025022466 scopus 로고
    • Validation of highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassays for lutropin, follitropin, and free alpha subunit in unextracted urine
    • [115] Landy, H., Schneyer, A.L., Whitcomb, R.W. and Crowley, W.F. (1990) Validation of highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassays for lutropin, follitropin, and free alpha subunit in unextracted urine. Clin. Chem. 36, 340-344.
    • (1990) Clin. Chem. , vol.36 , pp. 340-344
    • Landy, H.1    Schneyer, A.L.2    Whitcomb, R.W.3    Crowley, W.F.4
  • 116
    • 0026625848 scopus 로고
    • Immunoreactive β-core-like material in normal postmenopausal urine: Human chorionic gonadotrophin or LH origin? Evidence for the existence of LH core
    • [116] Iles, R.K., Lee, C.L., Howes, I., Davies, S., Edwards, R. and Chard, T. (1991) Immunoreactive β-core-like material in normal postmenopausal urine: human chorionic gonadotrophin or LH origin? Evidence for the existence of LH core. J. Endocrinol. 133, 459-466.
    • (1991) J. Endocrinol. , vol.133 , pp. 459-466
    • Iles, R.K.1    Lee, C.L.2    Howes, I.3    Davies, S.4    Edwards, R.5    Chard, T.6
  • 117
    • 0027292266 scopus 로고
    • Substantial urinary concentrations of material resembling β-core fragment of chorionic gonadotropin β-subunit in mid-menstrual cycle
    • [117] Neven, P., Iles, R.K., Howes, I., Sharma, K., Shepherd, J.H., Edwards, R., Collins, W.P. and Chard, T. (1993) Substantial urinary concentrations of material resembling β-core fragment of chorionic gonadotropin β-subunit in mid-menstrual cycle. Clin. Chem. 39, 1857-1860.
    • (1993) Clin. Chem. , vol.39 , pp. 1857-1860
    • Neven, P.1    Iles, R.K.2    Howes, I.3    Sharma, K.4    Shepherd, J.H.5    Edwards, R.6    Collins, W.P.7    Chard, T.8
  • 118
    • 0026574022 scopus 로고
    • Choriocarcinoma. A model for tumor markers
    • [118] Bagshawe, K.D. (1992) Choriocarcinoma. A model for tumor markers. Acta Oncol. 31, 99-106.
    • (1992) Acta Oncol. , vol.31 , pp. 99-106
    • Bagshawe, K.D.1
  • 119
    • 0014309461 scopus 로고
    • Human chorionic gonadotrophin excretion in men and women with invasive trophoblast assayed by an immunological and biological method
    • [119] Hobson, B. and Wide, L. (1968) Human chorionic gonadotrophin excretion in men and women with invasive trophoblast assayed by an immunological and biological method. Acta Endocrinol, 58, 473-480.
    • (1968) Acta Endocrinol. , vol.58 , pp. 473-480
    • Hobson, B.1    Wide, L.2
  • 121
    • 0023830664 scopus 로고
    • Differential production of human chorionic gonadotropin and free subunits in gestational trophoblastic disease
    • [121] Ozturk, M., Berkowitz, R., Goldstein, D., Bellet, D. and Wands, J.R. (1988) Differential production of human chorionic gonadotropin and free subunits in gestational trophoblastic disease. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 158, 193-198.
    • (1988) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.158 , pp. 193-198
    • Ozturk, M.1    Berkowitz, R.2    Goldstein, D.3    Bellet, D.4    Wands, J.R.5
  • 122
    • 0022466470 scopus 로고
    • Radioimmunoassay of free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin as a prognostic test for persisitent trophoblastic disease in molar pregnancy
    • [122] Khazaeli, M.B., Hedayat, M.M., Hatch, K.D., To, A.C.W., Soong, S.-J., Shingleton, H.M., Boots, L.R. and LoBuglio, A.F. (1986) Radioimmunoassay of free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin as a prognostic test for persisitent trophoblastic disease in molar pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 155, 320-324.
    • (1986) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.155 , pp. 320-324
    • Khazaeli, M.B.1    Hedayat, M.M.2    Hatch, K.D.3    To, A.C.W.4    Soong, S.-J.5    Shingleton, H.M.6    Boots, L.R.7    LoBuglio, A.F.8
  • 123
    • 0023863318 scopus 로고
    • Histological origins of discordant chorionic gonadotropin secretion in malignancy
    • [123] Hay, D.L. (1988) Histological origins of discordant chorionic gonadotropin secretion in malignancy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 66, 557-564.
    • (1988) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.66 , pp. 557-564
    • Hay, D.L.1
  • 124
    • 0024347543 scopus 로고
    • Human chorionic gonadotropin and free subunits' serum levels in patients with partial and complete hydatidiform moles
    • [124] Berkowitz, R., Ozturk, M., Goldstein, D., Bernstein, M., Hill, L. and Wands, J.R. (1989) Human chorionic gonadotropin and free subunits' serum levels in patients with partial and complete hydatidiform moles. Obstet. Gynecol. 74, 212-216.
    • (1989) Obstet. Gynecol , vol.74 , pp. 212-216
    • Berkowitz, R.1    Ozturk, M.2    Goldstein, D.3    Bernstein, M.4    Hill, L.5    Wands, J.R.6
  • 125
    • 0011280213 scopus 로고
    • Determination of chorionic gonadotropin in serum of nonpregnant subjects and patients with trophoblastic cancer by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay
    • [125] Stenman, U.-H., Alfthan, H. and Halila, H. (1985) Determination of chorionic gonadotropin in serum of nonpregnant subjects and patients with trophoblastic cancer by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. Tumor Biol. 5, 97.
    • (1985) Tumor Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 97
    • Stenman, U.-H.1    Alfthan, H.2    Halila, H.3
  • 126
    • 0023100573 scopus 로고
    • Radioimmunoassay of the free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in trophoblastic disease
    • [126] Fan, C., Goto, S., Furuhashi, Y. and Tomoda, Y. (1987) Radioimmunoassay of the free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in trophoblastic disease. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab, 64, 313-318.
    • (1987) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab , vol.64 , pp. 313-318
    • Fan, C.1    Goto, S.2    Furuhashi, Y.3    Tomoda, Y.4
  • 127
    • 0024546438 scopus 로고
    • Radioimmunoassay of the free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in diagnosis of high-risk and low-risk gestational trophoblastic disease
    • [127] Khazaeli, M.B., Buchina, E.S., Pattillo, R.A., Soong, S.-J. and Hatch, K.D. (1989) Radioimmunoassay of the free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in diagnosis of high-risk and low-risk gestational trophoblastic disease. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 160, 444-449.
    • (1989) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.160 , pp. 444-449
    • Khazaeli, M.B.1    Buchina, E.S.2    Pattillo, R.A.3    Soong, S.-J.4    Hatch, K.D.5
  • 128
    • 0017117311 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for altered synthesis of human chorionic gonadotropin in gestational trophoblastic tumors
    • [128] Vaitukaitis, J.L. and Ebersole, E.R. (1975) Evidence for altered synthesis of human chorionic gonadotropin in gestational trophoblastic tumors. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 42, 1048-1055.
    • (1975) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.42 , pp. 1048-1055
    • Vaitukaitis, J.L.1    Ebersole, E.R.2
  • 129
    • 0026757036 scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibodies to the free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin define three distinct antigenic domains and distinguish between intact and nicked molecules
    • [129] Bidart, J.-M., Troalen, F., Lazar, V., Berger, P., Marcillac, I., Lhomme, C., Droz, J.-P. and Bellet, D. (1992) Monoclonal antibodies to the free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin define three distinct antigenic domains and distinguish between intact and nicked molecules. Endocrinology 131, 1832-1840.
    • (1992) Endocrinology , vol.131 , pp. 1832-1840
    • Bidart, J.-M.1    Troalen, F.2    Lazar, V.3    Berger, P.4    Marcillac, I.5    Lhomme, C.6    Droz, J.-P.7    Bellet, D.8
  • 130
    • 84995944876 scopus 로고
    • Pituitary and placentally derived hormones in cerebrospinal fluid during normal human pregnancy
    • [130] Peake, G.T., Buckman, M.T., Davis, L.E. and Standefer, J. (1983) Pituitary and placentally derived hormones in cerebrospinal fluid during normal human pregnancy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 56, 46-52.
    • (1983) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.56 , pp. 46-52
    • Peake, G.T.1    Buckman, M.T.2    Davis, L.E.3    Standefer, J.4
  • 131
    • 0021119610 scopus 로고
    • Clinical applications of hCG
    • [131] Bagshawe, K.D. (1984) Clinical applications of hCG. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 176, 313-324.
    • (1984) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.176 , pp. 313-324
    • Bagshawe, K.D.1
  • 133
    • 0020554597 scopus 로고
    • Molecular heterogeneity of human chorionic gonadotropin and its subunits in testicular cancer
    • [133] Mann, K. and Karl, H.-J. (1983) Molecular heterogeneity of human chorionic gonadotropin and its subunits in testicular cancer. Cancer 52, 654-660.
    • (1983) Cancer , vol.52 , pp. 654-660
    • Mann, K.1    Karl, H.-J.2
  • 134
    • 0021827572 scopus 로고
    • Human chorionic gonadotrophin and subunits - Heterogeneity in serum of male patients with tumours of the genital tract
    • [134] Norman, R.J., Lowings, C., Oliver, T. and Chard, T. (1985) Human chorionic gonadotrophin and subunits - heterogeneity in serum of male patients with tumours of the genital tract. Clin. Endocrinol. 23, 25-34.
    • (1985) Clin. Endocrinol. , vol.23 , pp. 25-34
    • Norman, R.J.1    Lowings, C.2    Oliver, T.3    Chard, T.4
  • 135
    • 0025176561 scopus 로고
    • Testicular cancer secretes intact human choriogonadotropin (hCG) and its free β-subunit: Evidence that hCG ( + hCG-β) assays are the most reliable in diagnosis and follow-up
    • [135] Saller, B., Clara, R., Spöttl, G., Siddle, K. and Mann, K. (1990) Testicular cancer secretes intact human choriogonadotropin (hCG) and its free β-subunit: evidence that hCG ( + hCG-β) assays are the most reliable in diagnosis and follow-up. Clin. Chem. 36, 234-239.
    • (1990) Clin. Chem. , vol.36 , pp. 234-239
    • Saller, B.1    Clara, R.2    Spöttl, G.3    Siddle, K.4    Mann, K.5
  • 137
    • 0021094702 scopus 로고
    • Molecular heterogeneity of chorionic gonadotropin in some testicular cancer patients
    • [137] Light, P.A., Foster, J.P., Felton, T., Eckert, H. and Tovey, K.C. (1983) Molecular heterogeneity of chorionic gonadotropin in some testicular cancer patients. Lancet, 1284.
    • (1983) Lancet , pp. 1284
    • Light, P.A.1    Foster, J.P.2    Felton, T.3    Eckert, H.4    Tovey, K.C.5
  • 138
    • 0014008999 scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-producing anaplastic large-cell carcinomas of the lung
    • [138] Fusco, F.D. and Rosen, S.W. (1966) Gonadotropin-producing anaplastic large-cell carcinomas of the lung. N. Engl. J. Med. 275, 507-515.
    • (1966) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.275 , pp. 507-515
    • Fusco, F.D.1    Rosen, S.W.2
  • 140
    • 0015737147 scopus 로고
    • Ectopic production of isolated beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin
    • [140] Weintraub, B.D. and Rosen, S.W. (1973) Ectopic production of isolated beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. J. Clin. Invest. 52, 3135-3142.
    • (1973) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.52 , pp. 3135-3142
    • Weintraub, B.D.1    Rosen, S.W.2
  • 141
    • 0017149546 scopus 로고
    • Human chorionic gonadotrophins (hCG) in nontrophoblstic neoplasms. Assessment of abnormalities of hCG and CEA in bronchogenic and digestice neoplasms
    • [141] Gailani, S., Chu, T.M., Nussbaum, A., Ostrander, M. and Christoff, N. (1976) Human chorionic gonadotrophins (hCG) in nontrophoblstic neoplasms. Assessment of abnormalities of hCG and CEA in bronchogenic and digestice neoplasms. Cancer 38, 1684-1686.
    • (1976) Cancer , vol.38 , pp. 1684-1686
    • Gailani, S.1    Chu, T.M.2    Nussbaum, A.3    Ostrander, M.4    Christoff, N.5
  • 143
    • 0018257046 scopus 로고
    • Ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotropin in malignant tumors
    • [143] Hattori, M., Fukase, M., Yoshimi, H., Matsukura, S. and Imura, H. (1978) Ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotropin in malignant tumors. Cancer 42, 2328-2333.
    • (1978) Cancer , vol.42 , pp. 2328-2333
    • Hattori, M.1    Fukase, M.2    Yoshimi, H.3    Matsukura, S.4    Imura, H.5
  • 144
    • 0018888768 scopus 로고
    • Ectopic hormones in lung cancer patients at diagnosis and during therapy
    • [144] Gropp, C., Havemann, K. and Scheuer, A. (1980) Ectopic hormones in lung cancer patients at diagnosis and during therapy. Cancer 46, 347-354.
    • (1980) Cancer , vol.46 , pp. 347-354
    • Gropp, C.1    Havemann, K.2    Scheuer, A.3
  • 146
    • 0021269456 scopus 로고
    • Human chorionic gonadotropin-like substance in plasma of normal nonpregnant subjects and women with breast cancer
    • [146] Borkowski, A., Puttaert, V., Gyling, M., Muquardt, C. and Body, J.J. (1984) Human chorionic gonadotropin-like substance in plasma of normal nonpregnant subjects and women with breast cancer. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 58, 1171-1178.
    • (1984) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.58 , pp. 1171-1178
    • Borkowski, A.1    Puttaert, V.2    Gyling, M.3    Muquardt, C.4    Body, J.J.5
  • 147
    • 0021355459 scopus 로고
    • Ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotropin-like material in breast cancer
    • [147] Monteiro, J.C.M.P., Ferguson, K.M., McKinna, A., Greening, W.P. and Neville, A.M. (1984) Ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotropin-like material in breast cancer. Cancer 53, 957-962.
    • (1984) Cancer , vol.53 , pp. 957-962
    • Monteiro, J.C.M.P.1    Ferguson, K.M.2    McKinna, A.3    Greening, W.P.4    Neville, A.M.5
  • 148
    • 0017804173 scopus 로고
    • The hCG-beta subunit radioimmunoassay in nontrophoblastic gynecological tumors
    • [148] Rutanen, E.-M. and Seppälä, M. (1978) The hCG-beta subunit radioimmunoassay in nontrophoblastic gynecological tumors. Cancer 41, 692-696.
    • (1978) Cancer , vol.41 , pp. 692-696
    • Rutanen, E.-M.1    Seppälä, M.2
  • 149
    • 0018830301 scopus 로고
    • Ectopic human chorionic gonadotropin: Gynecological tumors and nonmalignant conditions
    • [149] Carenza, L., di Gregorio, R., Mocci, C., Moro, M. and Pala, A. (1980) Ectopic human chorionic gonadotropin: gynecological tumors and nonmalignant conditions. Gynecol. Oncol. 10, 32-39.
    • (1980) Gynecol. Oncol. , vol.10 , pp. 32-39
    • Carenza, L.1    Di Gregorio, R.2    Mocci, C.3    Moro, M.4    Pala, A.5
  • 151
    • 0019446598 scopus 로고
    • Oncofetal antigens in cancer of the cervix and ovary
    • [151] Cauchi, M.N., Koh, S.H., Lim, D. and Hay, D.L. (1981) Oncofetal antigens in cancer of the cervix and ovary. Br. J. Cancer 44, 403-409.
    • (1981) Br. J. Cancer , vol.44 , pp. 403-409
    • Cauchi, M.N.1    Koh, S.H.2    Lim, D.3    Hay, D.L.4
  • 152
    • 0023838216 scopus 로고
    • Urinary human chorionic gonadotropin free β-subunit and β-core fragment: A new marker of gynecological cancers
    • [152] Cole, L.A., Wang, Y., Elliot, M., Latif, M., Chambers, J.T., Chambers, S.K. and Schwartz, P.E. (1988) Urinary human chorionic gonadotropin free β-subunit and β-core fragment: a new marker of gynecological cancers. Cancer Res. 48, 1356-1360.
    • (1988) Cancer Res. , vol.48 , pp. 1356-1360
    • Cole, L.A.1    Wang, Y.2    Elliot, M.3    Latif, M.4    Chambers, J.T.5    Chambers, S.K.6    Schwartz, P.E.7
  • 153
    • 0025314241 scopus 로고
    • Detection of a small molecular species of human chorionic gonadotropin in the urine of patients with carcinoma of the cervix and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; comparison with other assays for human chorionic gonadotropin and its fragments
    • [153] Norman, R.J., Buck, R.H., Aktar, B., Mayet, N. and Moodley, J. (1990) Detection of a small molecular species of human chorionic gonadotropin in the urine of patients with carcinoma of the cervix and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; comparison with other assays for human chorionic gonadotropin and its fragments. Gynecol. Oncol. 37, 254-259.
    • (1990) Gynecol. Oncol. , vol.37 , pp. 254-259
    • Norman, R.J.1    Buck, R.H.2    Aktar, B.3    Mayet, N.4    Moodley, J.5
  • 154
    • 0018872015 scopus 로고
    • Ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by neoplasms: The value of measurements of immunoreactive hCG in the urine as a screening procedure
    • [154] Papapetrou, P.D., Sakarelou, N.P., Braouzi, H. and Fessas, P.H. (1980) Ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by neoplasms: The value of measurements of immunoreactive hCG in the urine as a screening procedure. Cancer 45, 2583-2592.
    • (1980) Cancer , vol.45 , pp. 2583-2592
    • Papapetrou, P.D.1    Sakarelou, N.P.2    Braouzi, H.3    Fessas, P.H.4
  • 155
    • 0020691906 scopus 로고
    • Human chorionic gonadotropin detected in urinary concentrates from patients with malignant tumors of the testis, prostate, bladder, ureter and kidney
    • [155] Fukutani, K., Libby, J.M., Panko, W.B. and Scardino, P.T. (1983) Human chorionic gonadotropin detected in urinary concentrates from patients with malignant tumors of the testis, prostate, bladder, ureter and kidney. J. Urol. 129, 74-77.
    • (1983) J. Urol. , vol.129 , pp. 74-77
    • Fukutani, K.1    Libby, J.M.2    Panko, W.B.3    Scardino, P.T.4
  • 156
    • 0024317834 scopus 로고
    • Beta human chorionic gonadotrophin in serum and urine. A marker for metastatic urothelial cancer
    • [156] Iles, R.K., Jenkins, B.J., Oliver, R.T., Blandy, J.P. and Chard, T. (1989) Beta human chorionic gonadotrophin in serum and urine. A marker for metastatic urothelial cancer. Br. J. Urol. 64, 241-244.
    • (1989) Br. J. Urol. , vol.64 , pp. 241-244
    • Iles, R.K.1    Jenkins, B.J.2    Oliver, R.T.3    Blandy, J.P.4    Chard, T.5
  • 157
    • 0025822945 scopus 로고
    • The purification and development of a radioimmunoassay for β-core fragment of human chorionic gonadotrophin in urine: Application as a marker of gynaecological cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women
    • [157] Lee, C.L., Iles, R.K., Shepherd, J.H., Hudson, C.N. and Chard, T. (1991) The purification and development of a radioimmunoassay for β-core fragment of human chorionic gonadotrophin in urine: application as a marker of gynaecological cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. J. Endocrinol. 130, 481-489.
    • (1991) J. Endocrinol. , vol.130 , pp. 481-489
    • Lee, C.L.1    Iles, R.K.2    Shepherd, J.H.3    Hudson, C.N.4    Chard, T.5
  • 158
    • 0023857938 scopus 로고
    • Development of highly sensitive immunoassays to measure human chorionic gonadotropin, its β-subunit, and β core fragment in the urine: Application to malignancies
    • [158] O'Connor, J.F., Schlatterer, J.P., Birken, S., Krichevsky, A., Armstrong, E.G., McMahon, D. and Canfield, R.E. (1988) Development of highly sensitive immunoassays to measure human chorionic gonadotropin, its β-subunit, and β core fragment in the urine: Application to malignancies. Cancer Res. 48, 1361-1366.
    • (1988) Cancer Res. , vol.48 , pp. 1361-1366
    • O'Connor, J.F.1    Schlatterer, J.P.2    Birken, S.3    Krichevsky, A.4    Armstrong, E.G.5    McMahon, D.6    Canfield, R.E.7
  • 159
    • 0025248521 scopus 로고
    • Urinary gonadotropin fragment, a new tumor marker. I. Assay development and cancer specificity
    • [159] Nam, J.-H., Cole, L.A., Chambers, J.T. and Schwartz, P.E. (1990) Urinary gonadotropin fragment, a new tumor marker. I. Assay development and cancer specificity. Gynecol. Oncol. 36, 383-390.
    • (1990) Gynecol. Oncol. , vol.36 , pp. 383-390
    • Nam, J.-H.1    Cole, L.A.2    Chambers, J.T.3    Schwartz, P.E.4
  • 160
    • 0023761138 scopus 로고
    • Urinary gonadotropin fragments (UGF) in cancers of the female reproductive system. II. Initial serial studies
    • [160] Wang, Y., Schwartz, P.E., Chambers, J.T. and Cole, L.A. (1988) Urinary gonadotropin fragments (UGF) in cancers of the female reproductive system. II. Initial serial studies. Gynecol. Oncol. 31, 91-100.
    • (1988) Gynecol. Oncol. , vol.31 , pp. 91-100
    • Wang, Y.1    Schwartz, P.E.2    Chambers, J.T.3    Cole, L.A.4
  • 161
    • 0027960534 scopus 로고
    • The prognostic significance of urinary β cor fragment in premenopausal women with carcinoma of the cervix
    • [161] Carter, P.G., Iles, R.K., Neven, P., Ind, T.E.J., Shepherd, J.H. and Chard, T. (1994) The prognostic significance of urinary β cor fragment in premenopausal women with carcinoma of the cervix. Gynecol. Oncol. 55, 271-276.
    • (1994) Gynecol. Oncol. , vol.55 , pp. 271-276
    • Carter, P.G.1    Iles, R.K.2    Neven, P.3    Ind, T.E.J.4    Shepherd, J.H.5    Chard, T.6
  • 162
    • 0028842243 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of urinary beta core fragment of human chorionic gonadotrophin in women with vulvo-vaginal malignancy and its prognostic significance
    • [162] Carter, P.G., Iles, R.K., Neven, P., Ind, T.E.J., Shepherd, J.H. and Chard, T. (1995) Measurement of urinary beta core fragment of human chorionic gonadotrophin in women with vulvo-vaginal malignancy and its prognostic significance. Br. J. Cancer. 71, 350-353.
    • (1995) Br. J. Cancer. , vol.71 , pp. 350-353
    • Carter, P.G.1    Iles, R.K.2    Neven, P.3    Ind, T.E.J.4    Shepherd, J.H.5    Chard, T.6
  • 163
    • 0025041182 scopus 로고
    • Composition of intact hormone and free subunits in the human chorionic gonadotrophin-like material found in serum and urine of patients with carcinoma of the bladder
    • [163] Iles, R.K., Lee, C.L., Oliver, R.T. and Chard, T. (1990) Composition of intact hormone and free subunits in the human chorionic gonadotrophin-like material found in serum and urine of patients with carcinoma of the bladder. Clin. Endocrinol. 33, 355-364.
    • (1990) Clin. Endocrinol. , vol.33 , pp. 355-364
    • Iles, R.K.1    Lee, C.L.2    Oliver, R.T.3    Chard, T.4
  • 164
    • 0025266179 scopus 로고
    • Expression of beta human chorionic gonadotropin by nontrophoblastic non-endocrine 'normal' and malignant epithelial cells
    • [164] Iles, R.K., Purkis, P.E., Whitehead, P.C., Oliver, R.T.D., Leigh, I. and Chard, T. (1990) Expression of beta human chorionic gonadotropin by nontrophoblastic non-endocrine 'normal' and malignant epithelial cells. Br. J. Cancer. 61, 663-666.
    • (1990) Br. J. Cancer. , vol.61 , pp. 663-666
    • Iles, R.K.1    Purkis, P.E.2    Whitehead, P.C.3    Oliver, R.T.D.4    Leigh, I.5    Chard, T.6
  • 165
    • 0023091492 scopus 로고
    • Ectopic β-human chorionic gonadotropin production by a human hepatoma cell line (FOCUS): Isolation and immunochemical characterization
    • [165] Ozturk, M., Bellet, D., Isselbacher, K.J. and Wands, J. (1987) Ectopic β-human chorionic gonadotropin production by a human hepatoma cell line (FOCUS): Isolation and immunochemical characterization. Endocrinology 120, 559-566.
    • (1987) Endocrinology , vol.120 , pp. 559-566
    • Ozturk, M.1    Bellet, D.2    Isselbacher, K.J.3    Wands, J.4
  • 169
    • 0016403246 scopus 로고
    • Ectopic production of isolated alpha subunits of the glycoprotein hormones
    • [169] Rosen, S.W. and Weintraub, B.D. (1974) Ectopic production of isolated alpha subunits of the glycoprotein hormones. N. Engl. J. Med. 290, 1441-1447.
    • (1974) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.290 , pp. 1441-1447
    • Rosen, S.W.1    Weintraub, B.D.2
  • 170
    • 0017730551 scopus 로고
    • Ectopic production of chorionic gonadotrophin and its subunits by islet cell tumors; a specific marker for malignancy
    • [170] Kahn, C.R., Rosen, S.W., Weintraub, B.D., Fajans, S.S. and Gorden, P. (1977) Ectopic production of chorionic gonadotrophin and its subunits by islet cell tumors; a specific marker for malignancy. N. Engl. J. Med. 297, 565-569.
    • (1977) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.297 , pp. 565-569
    • Kahn, C.R.1    Rosen, S.W.2    Weintraub, B.D.3    Fajans, S.S.4    Gorden, P.5
  • 171
    • 0019839909 scopus 로고
    • hCG and hCG subunits as tumour markers in patients with endcocrine pancreatic tumours and carcinoids
    • [171] Öberg, K. and Wide, L. (1981) hCG and hCG subunits as tumour markers in patients with endcocrine pancreatic tumours and carcinoids. Acta Endocrinol. 98, 256-260.
    • (1981) Acta Endocrinol. , vol.98 , pp. 256-260
    • Öberg, K.1    Wide, L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.