Tumor malignancy defined by aberrant glycosylation and sphingo(glyco)lipid metabolism

Cancer Research

Volumn 56, Issue 23, 1996, Pages 5309-5318

  Hakomori, Sen Itiroh ^a,b  

^a PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1 DEOXY N METHYLNOJIRIMYCIN; CASTANOSPERMINE; CYCLIC AMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE; CYCLOPHELLITOL; ENDOTHELIAL LEUKOCYTE ADHESION MOLECULE 1; GANGLIOSIDE; GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; INTEGRIN; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; N BUTYLDEOXYGALACTONOJIRIMYCIN; PADGEM PROTEIN; PROTEIN KINASE C; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE; SPHINGOLIPID; SWAINSONINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UVOMORULIN;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL MODEL; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; CELL ADHESION; CELL MOTILITY; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; ENZYME INHIBITION; GLYCOSYLATION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; LIPID METABOLISM; METASTASIS; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN METABOLISM; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TUMOR CELL;

ANIMALS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; CELL ADHESION; CELL ADHESION MOLECULES; DRUG DESIGN; E-SELECTIN; EPITOPES; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; GANGLIOSIDES; GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS; GLYCOSYLATION; HUMANS; INTEGRINS; LIFE TABLES; MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; NEOPLASM PROTEINS; NEOPLASMS; P-SELECTIN; PLATELET ACTIVATION; RATS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPHINGOLIPIDS;

EID: 0030480250     PISSN: 00085472     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (133)

1. Yamashita, K., Ohkura, T., Tachibana, Y., Takasaki, S., and Kobata, A. Comparative study of the oligosaccharides released from baby hamster kidney cells and their polyoma transformant by hydrazinolysis. J Biol Chem., 259: 10834-10840, 1984.
2. Dennis, J. W., and Laferté, S. Asn-linked oligosaccharides and the metastatic phenotype. In. C. L. Reading, S. Hakomori, and D. M Marcus (eds.), Altered Glycosylation in Tumor Cells, pp 257-267. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1988.
3. Springer, G. F. T and Tn: general carcinoma autoantigens Science (Washington DC), 224: 1198-1206, 1984.
4. Hirohashi, S., Clausen, H., Yamada, T., Shimosato, Y., and Hakomori, S. Blood group A cross-reacting epitope defined by monoclonal antibodies NCC-LU-35 and -81 expressed in cancer of blood group O or B individuals its identification as Tn antigen. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci USA, 82. 7039-7043, 1985.
5. Kjeldsen, T. B., Clausen, H., Hirohashi, S., Ogawa, T., Iijima, H., and Hakomori, S. Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed to the tumor-associated O-linked sialosyl-2-6 α-N-acetylgalactosaminyl (sialosyl-Tn) epitope. Cancer Res., 48: 2214-2220, 1988.
6. Kurosaka, A., Kitagawa, H., Fukui, S , Numata, Y , Nakada, H., Funakoshi, I., Kawasaki, T., Ogawa, T., Iijima, H., and Yamashina, I. A monoclonal antibody that recognizes a cluster of a disaccharide, NeuAcα2-6GalNAc, in mucin-type glycoproteins. J. Biol. Chem., 263: 8724-8726, 1988.
7. Hakomori, S. Aberrant glycosylation in tumors and tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens. Adv. Cancer Res., 52. 257-331, 1989.
8. Muramatsu, T. Carbohydrate signals in metastasis and prognosis of human carcinomas. Glycobiology, 3: 294-296, 1993.
9. Matsuura, H., Takio, K , Titani, K., Greene, T , Levery, S. B , Salyan, M. E. K., and Hakomori, S. The oncofetal structure of human fibronectin defined by monoclonal antibody FDC-6: unique structural requirement for the antigenic specificity provided by a glycosylhexapeptide. J. Biol. Chem , 263: 3314-3322, 1988.
10. Lloyd, K. O. Tumor antigens known to be immunogenic in man. Ann. NY Acad. Sci , 690: 50-58, 1993.
11. Fukuda, M. Possible roles of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens. Cancer Res., 56: 2237-2244, 1996
12. Hakomori, S., Nudelman, E. D , Levery, S B., and Kannagi, R. Novel fucolipids accumulating in human adenocarcinoma I. Glycolipids with di- or trifucosylated type 2 chain J. Biol. Chem., 259: 4672-4680, 1984.
13. Ladisch, S., Sweeley, C. C , Becker, H , and Gage, D. Aberrant fatty acyl α-hydroxylation in human neuroblastoma tumor gangliosides J. Biol Chem., 264: 12097-12105, 1989.
14. Fernandes, B., Sagman, U., Auger, M., Demetrio, M., and Dennis, J W. β1-6 branched oligosaccharides as a marker of tumor progression in human breast and colon neoplasm. Cancer Res., 51 718-723, 1991
15. Dennis, J. W., and Laferté, S. Oncodevelopmental expression of -GlcNAcβ1-6Manα1-6Manβ1-6 branching of Asn-linked oligosaccharides in human breast carcinomas. Cancer Res., 49: 945-950, 1989.
16. Hakomori, S. Tumor-associated carbohydrate markers: chemical and physical basis and cell biological implications. In. S. Sell (ed.), Serological Cancer Markers, pp. 207-232. Totowa, NJ. Humana Press, 1992.
17. Dabelsteen, E., Vedtofte, P , Hakomori, S., and Young, W W , Jr Accumulation of a blood group antigen precursor in oral premalignant lesions Cancer Res., 43: 1451-1454, 1983.
18. Coon, J. S., and Weinstein, S Blood group related antigens as markers of malignant potential and heterogeneity in human carcinoma. Hum. Pathol., 17: 1089-1106, 1986
19. Juhl, B R , Hartzen, S. H., and Hainau, B. ABH antigen expression in transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder Cancer (Phila), 57 1768-1775, 1986.
20. Ørntoft, T F. Expression and biosynthesis of ABH-related carbohydrate antigens in normal and pathologic human urothelium. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand., 98 (Suppl.): 17, 1990.
21. Lee, J. S., Ro, J. Y., Sahin, A. A., Hong, W. K , Brown, B. W., Mountain, C F , and Hittelman, W N. Expression of blood-group antigen A: a favorable prognostic factor in non-small-cell lung cancer N. Engl. J. Med., 324: 1084-1090, 1991.
22. Matsumoto, H., Muramatsu, H., Shimotakahara, T., Yanagi, M , Nishijima, H , Mitani, N , Baba, K., Muramatsu, T , and Shimazu, H. Correlation of expression of ABH blood group carbohydrate antigens with metastatic potential in human lung carcinomas. Cancer (Phila.), 72. 75-81, 1993.
23. Ørntoft, T. F., Meldgaard, P., Pedersen, B., and Wolf, H. The blood group ABO gene transcript is down-regulated in human bladder tumors and growth-stimulated urothelial cell lines. Cancer Res., 56: 1031-1036, 1996.
24. Miyake, M , and Hakomori, S. A specific cell surface glycoconjugate controlling cell motility: evidence by functional monoclonal antibodies that inhibit cell motility and tumor cell metastasis. Biochemistry, 30 3328-3334, 1991.
25. b antigens with survival in patients with carcinoma of the lung. N Engl. J Med. 327: 14-18, 1992
26. Garrigues, J., Anderson, J., Hellstrom, K-E., and Hellstrom, I Anti-tumor antibody BR96 blocks cell migration and binds to a lysosomal membrane glycoprotein on cell surface microspikes and ruffled membranes. J. Cell Biol., 125 129-142, 1994.
27. Fukushi, Y., Ohtani, H., and Orikasa, S Expression of lacto-series type 2 antigens in human renal cell carcinoma and its clinical significance. J Natl. Cancer Inst., 81: 352-358, 1989.
28. Shirahama, T., Ikoma, M., Muramatsu, T., Kayajima, T , Ohi, Y., Tsushima, T., Akebi, N , Ohmori, H., Hirao, Y., and Okajima, E. The binding site for fucose-binding proteins of Lotus tetragonolobus is a prognostic marker for transitional cell carcinoma of the human urinary bladder. Cancer (Phila.), 72: 1329-1334, 1993.
29. x antigen in liver metastases of human colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Res., 49: 6883-6888, 1989.
30. x antigen correlates with poor survival in patients with colorectal carcinoma, clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study. Cancer Res , 53: 3632-3637, 1993.
31. b, CA19-9). J. Jpn. Surg. Soc., 92: 320-330, 1991.
32. a as a new prognostic factor for patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. Cancer (Phila.), 75: 2051-2056, 1995.
33. Itzkowitz, S. H., Bloom, E J., Kokal, W. A., Modin, G., Hakomori, S., and Kim, Y. S. Sialosyl-Tn a novel mucin antigen associated with prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Cancer (Phila.), 66: 1960-1966, 1990.
34. Werther, J. L., Rivera-MacMurray, S., Bruckner, H., Tatematsu, M., and Itzkowitz, S. H. Mucin-associated sialosyl-Tn antigen expression in gastric cancer correlates with an adverse outcome. Br. J. Cancer, 69: 613-616, 1994.
35. Terasawa, K., Furumoto, H., Kamada, M., and Aono, T. Expression of Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens in the neoplastic transformation of uterine cervical epithelial cells. Cancer Res., 56: 2229-2232, 1996.
36. Kobayashi, H., Terao, T , and Kawashima, Y. Serum sialyl Tn as an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Oncol , 10: 95-101, 1992.
37. Brooks, S. A., and Leathem, A. J. C Prediction of lymph node involvement in breast cancer by detection of altered glycosylation in the primary tumour. Lancet, 338: 71-74, 1991.
38. Galea, M. H., Ellis, I. O., Bell, J., Elston, C. W., Blamey, R. W., and Baum, M. Prediction of lymph node involvement in breast cancer. Lancet, 338: 392-393, 1991.
39. Taylor, C. W., Anbazhagan, R., Jayatilake, H., Adams, A., Gusterson, B. A., Price, K , Gelber, R. D , and Goldbarsch, A. Helix pomatta in breast cancer. Lancet, 338: 580-581, 1991.
40. Hirao, T., Sakamoto, Y., Kamada, M., Hamada, S , and Aono, T. Tn antigen, a marker of potential for metastasis of uterine cervix cancer cells. Cancer (Phila.), 72. 154-159, 1993
41. Tauchi, K., Kakudo, K., Machimura, T., Makuuchi, H., and Mitomi, T Immunohistochemical studies of blood group-related antigens in human superficial esophageal carcinomas. Cancer (Phila.), 67: 3024-3050, 1991.
42. Matsumoto, H., Muramatsu, H., Muramatsu, T., and Shimazu, H. Carbohydrate profiles shown by a lectin and a monoclonal antibody correlate with metastatic potential and prognosis of human lung carcinomas. Cancer (Phila.), 69: 2084-2090, 1992
43. Battifora, H., Sorensen, H. R., Mehta, P , Ahn, C., Niland, J., Hage, E., Pettijohn, D. E., and Olsson, L. Tumor-associated antigen 43-9F is of prognostic value in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: a retrospective immunohistochemical study Cancer (Phila.), 70: 1867-1872, 1992
44. Satoh, M , Handa, K., Saito, S., Tokuyama, S , Ito, A., Miyao, N., Orikasa, S., and Hakomori, S. Disialosyl galactosylgloboside as an adhesion molecule expressed on renal cell carcinoma and its relationship to metastatic potential. Cancer Res., 56. 1932-1938, 1996
45. Ohyama, C., Orikasa, S., Kawamura, S., Satoh, M , Saito, S., Fukushi, Y , Levery, S B , and Hakomori, S. Galactosylgloboside expression in seminoma: inverse correlation with metastatic potential. Cancer (Phila), 76: 1043-1050, 1995.
46. Saito, S , Levery, S. B., Salyan, M. E K., Goldberg, R. I., and Hakomori, S. Common tetrasaccharide epitope NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-3(NeuAcα2-6)GalNAc, presented by different carrier glycosylceramides or O-linked peptides, is recognized by different antibodies and ligands having distinct specificities. J. Biol. Chem., 269: 5644-5652, 1994.
47. Hakomori, S. Role of gangliosides in tumor progression. In: L. Svennerholm, A K. Asbury, R. A. Reisfeld, K. Sandhoff, K. Suzuki, G. Tettamanti, and G. Toffano (eds.), Biological Function of Gangliosides (Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 101), pp. 241-250. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science BV, 1994
48. Ogata, S., Ho, I., Chen, A., Dubois, D., Maklansky, J., Singhal, A K., Hakomori, S , and Itzkowitz, S. H. Tumor-associated sialylated antigens are constitutively expressed in normal human colonic mucosa. Cancer Res , 55: 1869-1874, 1995.
49. Takeichi, M Cadherins in cancer: implications for invasion and metastasis Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 5: 806-811, 1993
50. Liotta, L. A. Tumor invasion and metastasis role of the extracellular matrix. Cancer Res., 46: 1-7, 1986
51. Hakomori, S. Possible new directions in cancer therapy based on aberrant expression of glycosphingolipids: anti-adhesion and ortho-signaling therapy. Cancer Cells, 3: 461-470, 1991
52. Breen, E., Steele, G., Jr., and Mercurio, A. M. Role of the E-cadherin/α-catenin complex in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesive properties of invasive colon carcinoma cells. Ann. Surg. Oncol , 2: 378-385, 1995.
53. Yoshimura, M., Ihara, Y., Matsuzawa, Y , and Taniguchi, N. Aberrant glycosylation of E-cadherin enhances cell-cell binding to suppress metastasis. J. Biol. Chem., 271: 13811-13815, 1996
54. Yoshimura, M., Nishikawa, A., Ihara, Y., Taniguchi, S., and Taniguchi, N. Suppression of lung metastasis of B16 mouse melanoma by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III gene transfection. Proc Natl. Acad Sci. USA, 92: 8754-8758, 1995.
55. Saga, S., Chen, W-T., and Yamada, K M Enhanced fibronectin receptor expression in Rous sarcoma virus-induced tumors Cancer Res., 48: 5510-5513, 1988
56. Tsuji, T., Yamamoto, F., Miura, Y., Takio, K., Titani, K., Pawar, S., Osawa, T., and Hakomori, S. Characterization through cDNA cloning of galactoprotein b3 (Gap b3), a cell surface membrane glycoprotein showing enhanced expression on oncogenic transformation: identification of Gap b3 as a member of the integrin superfamily. J. Biol. Chem., 265: 7016-7021, 1990.
57. Akiyama, S. K., Yamada, S. S., and Yamada, K. M Analysis of the role of glycosylation of the human fibronectin receptor. J. Biol. Chem., 264: 18011-18018, 1989
58. Chammas, R., Veiga, S. S., Line, S. Potocnjak, P , and Brentani, R. R. Asn-linked oligosaccharide-dependent interaction between laminin and gp120/140: an α6/β1 integrin. J. Biol Chem., 266. 3349-3355, 1991.
59. Zheng, M , Fang, H., and Hakomori, S. Functional role of N-glycosylation in α5β1 integrin receptor de-N-glycosylation induces dissociation or altered association of α5 and β1 subunits and concomitant loss of fibronectin binding activity. J Biol. Chem., 269, 12325-12331, 1994
60. M3 ganglioside in α5β1 integrin receptor for fibronectin-mediated adhesion of FUA169 cells. J Biol Chem., 268: 2217-2222, 1993
61. Cheresh, D. A., Pytela, R., Pierschbacher, M. D., Klier, F. G., Ruoslahti, E., and Reisfeld, R. A. An Arg-Gly-Asp-directed receptor on the surface of human melanoma cells exists in a divalent cation-dependent functional complex with the disialoganglioside GD2. J. Cell Biol., 105: 1163-1173, 1987
62. Gunthert, U., Hofmann, M., Rudy, W., Reber, S., Zöller, M., Haussmann, I., Matzku, S., Wenzel, A., Ponta, H., and Herrlich, P. A new variant of glycoprotein CD44 confers metastatic potential to rat carcinoma cells. Cell, 65: 13-24, 1991.
63. Dall, P , Hekele, A., Ikenberg, H., Goppinger, A., Bauknecht, T., Pfleiderer, A., Moll, J., Hofmann, M., Ponta, H., and Herrlich, P. Increasing incidence of CD44v7/8 epitope expression during uterine cervical carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer, 69 79-85, 1996.
64. Kaufmann, M., Heider, K. H , Sinn, H. P., von Minckwitz, G., Ponta, H., and Herrlich, P. CD44 variant exon epitopes in primary breast cancer and length of survival. Lancet, 345. 615-619, 1995.
65. Herrlich, P., Pals, S., and Ponta, H. CD44 in colon cancer Eur J Cancer, 31A: 1110-1112, 1995.
66. Silletti, S , and Raz, A. Autocrine motility factor is a growth factor Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 194: 446-457, 1993.
67. Timar, J., Trikha, M., Szekeres, K., Bazaz, R., Tovari, J , Silletti, S., Raz, A., and Honn, K. V. Autocrine motility factor signals integrin-mediated metastatic melanoma cell adhesion and invasion. Cancer Res., 56: 1902-1908, 1996.
68. Seftor, R E. B , Seftor, E A., Stetler-Stevenson, W. G., and Hendrix, M. J. C. The 72 kDa type IV collagenase is modulated via differential expression of αvβ3 and α5β1 integrin expression during human melanoma cell invasion. Cancer Res., 53: 3411-3415, 1993.
69. Sadahira, Y., Ruan, F., Hakomori, S , and Igarashi, Y Sphingosine 1-phosphate, a specific endogenous signaling molecule controlling cell motility and tumor cell invasiveness Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89: 9686-9690, 1992
70. Fukuda, M. Lysosomal membrane glycoproteins structure, biosynthesis, and intracellular trafficking. J. Biol Chem., 266. 21327-21330, 1991
71. Karpatkin, S., Ambrogio, C., and Pearlstein, E The role of tumor-induced platelet aggregation, platelet adhesion, and adhesive proteins in tumor metastasis In: G A. Jamieson (ed.), Platelet Membrane Receptors. Molecular Biology, Immunology, Biochemistry, and Pathology, pp 585-606 New York: Alan R Liss, 1988.
72. Varki, A Selectin ligands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91: 7390-7397, 1994
73. a Int. J Oncol., 6: 773-781, 1995.
74. Hakomori, S. Novel endothelial cell activation factor(s) released from activated platelets which induce E-selectin expression and tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells: a preliminary note. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , 203: 1605-1613, 1994.
75. Lasky, L A. Selectin-carbohydrate interactions and the initiation of the inflammatory response. Ann Rev. Biochem., 64: 113-139, 1995
76. Barondes, S H , Cooper, D. N. W., Gitt, M A , and Leffler, H. Galectins: structure and function of a large family of animal lectins. J Biol Chem , 269. 20807-20810, 1994.
77. Ohannesian, D. W., Lotan, D., Thomas, P , Jessup, J. M , Fukuda, M , Gabius, H J., and Lotan, R. Carcinoembryonic antigen and other glycoconjugates act as ligands for galectin-3 in human colon carcinoma cells. Cancer Res , 55: 2191-2199, 1995.
78. Lotan, R , Belloni, P. N., Tressler, R. J., Lotan, D., Xu, X. C , and Nicolson, G. L. Expression of galectins on microvessel endothelial cells and their involvement in tumour cell adhesion. Glycoconj. J., 11: 462-468, 1994
79. Suzuki, N., Yamamoto, K , Toyoshima, S., Osawa, T., and Irimura, T. Molecular cloning and expression of cDNA encoding human macrophage C-type lectin. J Immunol., 156: 128-135, 1996.
80. Imai, Y., Akimoto, Y , Mizuochi, S., Kimura, T., Hirano, H., and Irimura, T. Restricted expression of galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine-specific macrophage C-type lectin to connective tissue and to metastatic lesions in mouse lung. Immunology, 86: 591-598, 1995
81. Hakomori, S Carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction as an initial step in cell recognition. Pure Appl. Chem., 63: 473-482, 1991.
82. x determinants: a possible basis for cell recognition in preimplantation embryos and in embryonal carcinoma cells. J. Biol. Chem , 264: 9476-9484, 1989.
83. x expression. Glycoconj. J., 11: 238-248, 1994.
84. M3-expressing cells based on glycolipid-glycolipid interaction. J. Biol. Chem., 266: 17552-17558, 1991.
85. Kojima, N., Shiota, M., Sadahira, Y., Handa, K , and Hakomori, S Cell adhesion in a dynamic flow system as compared to static system: glycosphingolipid-glycosphingolipid interaction in the dynamic system predominates over lectin- or integrin-based mechanisms in adhesion of B16 melanoma cells to non-activated endothelial cells. J. Biol. Chem., 267. 17264-17270, 1992.
86. Kojima, N., and Hakomori, S. Synergistic effect of two cell recognition systems: glycosphingolipid-glycosphingolipid interaction and integrin receptor interaction with pericellular matrix protein. Glycobiology, 1: 623-630, 1991.
87. Holthöfer, H., Virtanen, I., Kariniemi, A-L., Hormia, M., Linder, E., and Miettinen, A. Ulex europaeus I lectin as a marker for vascular endothelium in human tissues. Lab. Invest., 47: 60-67, 1982.
88. Yang, H-J., and Hakomori, S A sphingolipid having a novel type of ceramide and lacto-N-fucopentaose III. J. Biol. Chem., 246: 1192-1200, 1971.
89. Yoshino, T., Watanabe, K., and Hakomori, S. Chemical synthesis of α-L-fucopyranosylceramide and its analogues and preparation of antibodies directed to this glycolipid Biochemistry, 21: 928-934, 1982.
90. Kannagi, R , Stroup, R., Cochran, N. A., Urdal, D. L , Young, W. W , Jr , and Hakomori, S Factors affecting expression of glycolipid tumor antigens: influence of ceramide composition and coexisting glycolipid on the antigenicity of gangliotriaosylceramide in murine lymphoma cells. Cancer Res., 43: 4997-5005, 1983.
91. Stewart, R. J., and Boggs, J. M. A carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction between galactosylceramide-containing liposomes and cerebroside sulfate-containing liposomes: dependence on the glycolipid ceramide composition Biochemistry, 32: 10666-10674, 1993.
92. Mangeney, M., Lingwood, C A., Taga, S., Caillou, B , Tursz, T., and Wiels, J. Apoptosis induced in Burkitt's lymphoma cells via Gb3/CD77, a glycolipid antigen Cancer Res., 53: 5314-5319, 1993.
93. y antigen expression is correlated with apoptosis (programmed cell death). Glycobiology, 3: 381-390, 1993.
94. Hakomori, S. Bifunctional role of glycosphingolipids: modulators for transmembrane signaling and mediators for cellular interactions J Biol. Chem , 265: 18713-18716, 1990.
95. 3 in tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. J Biol. Chem., 263: 10915-10921, 1988.
96. 2LacCer), acting as a strong promoter for epidermal growth factor receptor kinase and as a stimulalor for cell growth J. Biol. Chem., 263: 6296-6301, 1988.
97. M3 directly enhances serine phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor, independently of receptor-receptor interaction J. Biol. Chem., 269: 1959-1965, 1994.
98. Sjoberg, E. R., Chammas, R., Ozawa, H., Kawashima, I., Khoo, K-H., Morris, H. R., Dell, A., Tai, T., and Varki, A. Expression of de-N-acetyl-gangliosides in human melanoma cells is induced by genistein or nocodazole. J Biol. Chem., 270: 2921-2930, 1995
99. Kloppel, T. M., Keenan, T W., Freeman, M. J., and Morré, D. J Glycolipid-bound sialic acid in serum: increased levels in mice and humans bearing mammary carcinomas Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 74: 3011-3013, 1977.
100. Ladisch, S., Li, R., and Olson, E. Ceramide structure predicts tumor ganglioside immunosuppressive activity Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 1974-1978, 1994.
101. Hakomori, S., Saito, T., and Vogt, P. K. Transformation by Rous sarcoma virus: effects on cellular glycolipids Virology, 44: 609-621, 1971.
102. Hannun, Y. A., and Linardic, C. M. Sphingolipid breakdown products: anti-proliferative and tumor-suppressor lipids. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1154: 223-236, 1993.
103. Kolesnick, R. N., and Golde, D W. The sphingomyelin pathway in tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 signaling Cell, 77: 325-328, 1994.
104. Spiegel, S., Foster, D. and Kolesnick, R. N Signal transduction through lipid second messengers. Curr Opin. Cell Biol., 8 159-167, 1996.
105. M3-LacCer interaction. Int. J. Oncol., 6: 319-327, 1995.
106. Oguchi, H , Toyokuni, T , Dean, B , Ito, H., Otsuji, E , Jones, V. L., Sadozai, K. K., and Hakomori, S. Effect of lactose derivatives on metastatic potential of B16 melanoma cells Cancer Commun , 2. 311-316, 1990.
107. Pienta, K. J., Naik, H , Akhtar, A., Yamazaki, K., Replogle, T. S , Lehr, J , Donat, T. L., Tait, L., Hogan, V., and Raz, A. Inhibition of spontaneous metastasis in a rat prostate cancer model by oral administration of modified citrus pectin. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 87: 348-353, 1995.
108. Demetriou, M , Nabi, I. R., Coppolino, M., Dedhar, S , and Dennis, J. W. Reduced contact-inhibition and substratum adhesion in epithelial cells expressing GlcNAc-transferase V. J. Cell Biol., 130, 383-392, 1995.
109. Goss, P. E., Baptiste, J., Fernandes, B., Baker, M., and Dennis, J. W. A phase I study of swainsonine in patients with advanced malignancies. Cancer Res., 54, 1450-1457, 1994.
110. Dennis, J. W , White, S. L., Freer, A. M., and Dime, D. Carbonoyloxy analogs of the anti-metastatic drug swainsonine: activation in tumor cells by esterases. Biochem. Pharmacol , 46: 1459-1466, 1993.
111. Atsumi, S., Nosaka, C., Ochi, Y., Iinuma, H , and Umezawa, K. Inhibition of experimental metastasis by an α-glucosidase inhibitor, 1,6-epi-cyclophellitol. Cancer Res., 53 4896-4899, 1993.
112. Inokuchi, J., Mason, I., and Radin, N. S. Antitumor activity via inhibition of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. Cancer Lett., 38. 23-30, 1987.
113. Inokuchi, J., Jimbo, M., Momosaki, K., Shimeno, H., Nagamatsu, A., and Radin, N. S Inhibition of experimental metastasis of murine Lewis lung carcinoma by an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase and its possible mechanism of action Cancer Res , 50: 6731-6737, 1990.
114. Radin, N. S., and Inokuchi, J. Glucosphingolipids as sites of action in the chemotherapy of cancer. Biochem. Pharmacol., 37: 2879-2886, 1988.
115. Platt, F. M., Neises, G R., Karlsson, G. B., Dwek, R A., and Butters, T. D. N-Butyldeoxygalactonojirimycin inhibits glycolipid biosynthesis but does not affect N-linked oligosaccharide processing. J Biol. Chem., 269: 27108-27114, 1994.
116. Li, R., and Ladisch, S. Abrogation of shedding of immunosuppressive neuroblastoma gangliosides. Cancer Res., 56. 4602-4605, 1996.
117. Felding-Habermann, B , Igarashi, Y , Fenderson, B. A., Park, L. S , Radin, N. S., Inokuchi, J., Strassmann, G., Handa, K., and Hakomori, S. A ceramide analogue inhibits T cell proliferative response through inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis and enhancement of N,N-dimethylsphingosine synthesis. Biochemistry, 29: 6314-6322, 1990.
118. Endo, K., Igarashi, Y., Nisar, M., Zhou, Q., and Hakomori, S. Cell membrane signaling as target in cancer therapy: inhibitory effect of N,N-dimethyl and N,N,N-trimethyl sphingosine derivatives on in vitro and in vivo growth of human tumor cells in nude mice. Cancer Res., 51: 1613-1618, 1991.
119. Okoshi, H., Hakomori, S., Nisar, M., Zhou, Q., Kimura, S., Tashiro, K., and Igarashi, Y. Cell membrane signaling as target in cancer therapy II: inhibitory effect of N,N,N-trimethylsphingosine on metastatic potential of murine B16 melanoma cell line through blocking of tumor cell-dependent platelet aggregation. Cancer Res., 51. 6019-6024, 1991.
120. Park, Y. S., Ruan, F , Hakomori, S., and Igarashi, Y. Cooperative inhibitory effect of N,N,N-trimethylsphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate, co-incorporated in liposomes on B16 melanoma cell metastasis, cell membrane signaling as a target in cancer therapy IV. Int. J. Oncol., 7: 487-494, 1995.
121. Handa, K , Igarashi, Y., Nisar, M., and Hakomori, S. Down-regulation of GMP-140 (CD62 or PADGEM) expression on platelets by N,N-dimethyl and N,N,N-trimethyl derivatives of sphingosine. Biochemistry, 30, 11682-11686, 1991.
122. Scalia, R., Murohara, T., Delyani, J. A., Nossuli, T. O., and Lefer, A. M. Myocardial protection by N,N,N-trimethylsphingosine in ischemia reperfusion injury is mediated by inhibition of P-selectin. J. Leukocyte Biol., 59: 317-324, 1996.
123. Masamune, A., Hakomori, S., and Igarashi, Y. N,N,N-Trimethylsphingosine inhibits interleufcin-1β-mduced NF-κB activation and consequent E-selectin expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. FEBS Lett., 367: 205-209, 1995.
124. Masamune, A., Igarashi, Y., and Hakomori, S. Regulatory role of ceramide in interleukin (IL)-1β-induced E-selectin expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells ceramide enhances IL-1β action, but is not sufficient for E-selectin expression. J. Biol. Chem., 271: 9368-9375, 1996.
125. Obeid, L. M., Linardic, C. M., Karolak, L A., and Hannun, Y. A. Programmed cell death induced by ceramide. Science (Washington DC), 259: 1769-1771, 1993.
126. Ohta, H., Sweeney, E. A., Masamune, A , Yatomi, Y , Hakomori, S., and Igarashi, Y. Induction of apoptosis by sphingosine in human leukemic HL-60 cells: a possible endogenous modulator of apoptotic DNA fragmentation occurring during phorbol ester-induced differentiation. Cancer Res., 55. 691-697, 1995.
127. Sweeney, E A., Sakakura, C , Shirahama, T., Masamune, A., Ohta, H , Hakomori, S., and Igarashi, Y. Sphingosine and its methylated derivative N,N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS) induce apoptosis in a variety of human cancer cell lines. Int. J. Cancer, 66: 358-366, 1996.
128. Mangeney, M., Rousselet, G., Taga, S., Tursz, T., and Wiels, J. The fate of human CD77+ germinal center B lymphocytes after rescue from apoptosis. Mol. Immunol., 32: 333-339, 1995.
129. Maloney, M. D., and Lingwood, C. A. CD19 has a potential CD77 (globotriaosyl ceramide)-binding site with sequence similarity to verotoxin B-subunits: implications of molecular mimicry for B cell adhesion and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli pathogenesis J Exp Med., 180: 191-201, 1994.
130. Farkas-Himsley, H., Hill, R., Rosen, B., Arab, S., and Lingwood, C. A. The bacterial colicin active against tumor cells in vitro and in vivo is verotoxin 1 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92. 6996-7000, 1995.
131. Stroud, M. R , Handa, K., Salyan, M. E. K., Ito, K., Levery, S. B., and Hakomori, S. Monosialogangliosides of human myelogenous leukemia HL60 cells and normal human leukocytes. 2 Characterization of E-selectin binding fractions, and structural requirements for physiological binding to E-selectin. Biochemistry, 35: 770-778, 1996.
132. Goupille, C , Hallouin, F., Meflah, K., Le Pendu, J Increase of rat colon carcinoma cell tumorigenicity by α(1-2)fucosyltransferase gene transfection. Glycobiology, in press, 1996.
133. Dennis, J. W. Effect of swainsonine and polyinosinic.polycytidylic acid on murine tumor cell growth and metastasis Cancer Res., 46: 5131-5136, 1986.