Genetic analysis of the mitotic apindle

Annual Review of Genetics

Volumn 30, Issue , 1996, Pages 7-33

  Hoyt, M Andrew ^a   Geiser, John R ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Centromere; Kinetochore; Mitotic spindle; Motor proteins; Spindle pole

Indexed keywords

MICROTUBULE PROTEIN;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; CENTROMERE; EUKARYOTIC CELL; GENETIC ANALYSIS; MICROTUBULE; MITOSIS SPINDLE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FAMILY; REVIEW; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE;

ANIMALS; CENTROMERE; MITOTIC SPINDLE APPARATUS; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE;

EID: 0030474815     PISSN: 00664197     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.genet.30.1.7     Document Type: Article

References (164)

1. Afshar K, Barton NR, Hawley RS, Goldstein LSB. 1995. DNA binding and meiotic chromosomal localization of the Drosophila nod kinesin-like protein. Cell 81:129-38
2. Allshire RC, Javerzat J, Redhead NJ, Cranston G. 1994. Position effect variegation at fission yeast centromeres. Cell 76:157-69
3. Allshire RC, Nimmo ER, Ekwall K, Javerzat J, Cranston G. 1995. Mutations derepressing silent centromeric domains in fission yeast disrupt chromosome segregation. Genes Dev. 9:218-33
4. Barton NR, Pereira AJ, Goldstein LSB. 1995. Motor activity and mitotic spindle localization of the Drosophila kinesin-like protein KLP61F. Mol. Biol. Cell 6:1563-74
5. Baum M, Ngan VK, Clarke L. 1994. The centromeric K-type repeat and the central core are together sufficient to establish a functional Schizosaccharomyces pombe centromere. Mol. Biol. Cell 5:747-61
6. 2+-binding proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:5512-16
7. Biggins S, Rose M. 1994. Direct interaction between yeast Spindle Pole Body components: Kar1p is required for Cdc31p localization to the Spindle Pole Body. J. Cell Biol. 125:843-52
8. cdc2 regulates spindle association of human Eg5, a kinesin-related motor essential for bipolar spindle formation in vivo. Cell 83:1159-69
9. Boleti H, Karsenti E, Vernos I. 1996. Xklp2, a novel Xenopus centrosomal kinesin-like protein required for centrosome separation during mitosis. Cell 84:49-59
10. Brown MT. 1995. Sequence similarities between the yeast chromosome segregation protein Mif2 and the mammalian centromere protein CENP-C. Gene 160:111-16
11. Brown MT, Goetsch L, Hartwell LH. 1993. MIF2 is required for mitotic spindle integrity during anaphase spindle elongation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 123:387-403
12. Byers B, Goetsch L. 1974. Duplication of spindle plaques and integration of the yeast cell cycle. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 38:123-31
13. Byers B, Goetsch L. 1975. Behavior of spindles and spindle plaques in the cell cycle and conjugation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol. 124:511-23
14. Carpenter ATC. 1973. A meiotic mutant defective in distributive disjunction in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 73:393-428
15. Carpenter ATC. 1991. Distributive segregation: motors in the polar wind? Cell 64:885-90
16. Clark SW, Meyer DI. 1994. ACT3: A putative centractin homologue in 5. cerevisiae is required for proper orientation of themitotic spindle. J. Cell Biol. 127:129-38
17. Clarke L. 1990. Centromeres of budding and fission yeast. Trends Genet. 6:150-54
18. Clarke L, Carbon J. 1983. Genomic substitutions of centromeres in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature 305:23-28
19. Cole DG, Saxton WM, Sheehan KB, Scholey JM. 1994. A 'slow' homotetrameric kinesin-related motor protein purified from Drosophila embryos. J. Biol. Chem. 269:22913-16
20. Coue M, Lombillo VA, McIntosh JR. 1991. Microtubule depolymerization promotes particle and chromosome movement in vitro. J. Cell Biol. 112:1165-75
21. Davis TN. 1992. A temperature-sensitive calmodulin mutant loses viability during mitosis. J. Cell Biol. 118:607-17
22. Ding R, McDonald KL, McIntosh JR. 1993. Three-dimensional reconstruction and analysis of mitotic spindles from the yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. J. Cell Biol. 120:141-51
23. Doheny KF, Sorger PK, Hyman AA, Tugendreich S, Spencer F, Hieter P. 1993. Identification of essential components of the S. cerevisiae kinetochore. Cell 73:761-74
24. Donaldson AD, Kilmartin JV. 1996. Spc42p: a phosphorylated component of the S. cerevisiae Spindle Pole Body (SPB) with an essential function during SPB duplication. J. Cell Biol. 132:887-901
25. Echeverri CJ, Paschal BM, Vaughan KT, Vallee RB. 1996. Molecular characterization of the 50-kD subunit of dynactin reveals function for the complex in chromosome alignment and spindle organization during mitosis. J. Cell Biol. 132:617-33
26. Ekwall K, Javerzat J-P, Lorentz A, Schmidt H, Cranston G, Allshire R. 1995. The chromodomain protein Swi6: a key component at fission yeast centromeres. Science 269:1429-31
27. Endow SA, Chandra R, Komma DJ, Yamamoto AH, Salmon ED. 1994. Mutants of the Drosophila ncd microtubule motor protein cause centrosomal and spindle pole defects in mitosis. J. Cell Sci. 107:859-67
28. Endow SA, Kang SJ, Satterwhite LL, Rose MD, Skeen VP, Salmon ED. 1994. Yeast Kar3 is a minus-end microtubule motor protein that destabilizes microtubules preferentially at the minus ends. EMBO J. 13:2708-13
29. Enos AP, Morris NR. 1990. Mutation of a gene that encodes a kinesin-like protein blocks nuclear division in A. nidulans. Cell 60:1019-27
30. Eshel D, Urrestarazu LA, Vissers S, Jauniaux JC, van Vliet-Reedijk JC, et al. 1993. Cytoplasmic dynein is required for normal nuclear segregation in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:11172-6
31. Felix MA, Antony C, Wright M, Maro B. 1994. Centrosome assembly in vitro: role of γ-tubulin recruitment in Xenopus sperm aster formation. J. Cell Biol. 124:19-31
32. Fitch I, Dahmann C, Surana U, Amon A, Nasmyth K, et al. 1992. Characterization of four B-type cyclin genes of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Biol. Cell 3:805-18
33. Flemming W. 1879. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Zelle und ihrer Lebenserscheinungen. Arch. Mikroskop. Anat. 18:151-259. Translation in 1965. J. Cell Biol. 25(1; pt. 2):1-69
34. Flemming W. 1879. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Zelle und ihrer Lebenserscheinungen. Arch. Mikroskop. Anat. 18:151-259. Translation in 1965. J. Cell Biol. 25(1; pt. 2):1-69
35. Friedman DB, Sundberg HA, Huang EY, Davis TN. 1996. The 110-kilodalton Spindle Pole Body component of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a phosphoprotein that is modified in a cell cycle-dependent manner. J. Cell Biol. 132:903-14
36. Fuller MT. 1995. Riding the polar winds: chromosomes motor down east. Cell 81:5-8
37. Fuller MT, Wilson PG. 1992. Force and counterforce in the mitotic spindle. Cell 71:547-50
38. Gard D. 1992. Microtubule organization during maturation of Xenopus oocytes: assembly and rotation of the meiotic spindles. Dev. Biol. 151:516-30
39. Geiser JR, Sundberg HA, Chang BH, Muller EGD, Davis TN. 1993. The essential mitotic target of calmodulin is the 110-kilodalton component of the Spindle Pole Body in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:7913-24
40. Gibbons BH, Asai DJ, Tang W, Hays TS, Gibbons IR. 1994. Phylogeny and expression of axonemal and cytoplasmic dynein genes in sea urchins. Mol. Biol. Cell 5:57-70
41. Goh P, Kilmartin JV. 1993. NDC10: a gene involved in chromosome segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 121:503-12
42. + gene. Nature 347:563-66
43. Hagan I, Yanagida M. 1992. Kinesin-related cut7 protein associates with mitotic and meiotic spindles in fission yeast. Nature 356:74-76
44. Hatsumi M, Endow SA. 1992. Mutants of the microtubule motor protein, nonclaret disjunctional, affect spindle structure and chromosome movement in meiosis and mitosis. J. Cell Sci. 101:547-59
45. Heck MMS, Pereira A, Pesavento P, Yannoni Y, Spradling AC, Goldstein LSB. 1993. The kinesin-like protein KLP61F is essential for mitosis in Drosophila. J. Cell Biol. 123:665-79
46. Hegemann JH, Shero J, Cottarel G, Phillipsen P, Hieter P. 1988. Mutational analysis of the DNA from chromosome VI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:2523-28
47. Holzbaur ELF, Vallee RB. 1994. Dyneins: molecular structure and cellular function. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 10:339-72
48. Horio T, Uzawa S, Jung MK, Oakley BR, Tanaka K, Yanagida M. 1991. The fission yeast γ-tubulin is essential for mitosis and is localized at microtubule organizing centers. J. Cell Sci. 99:693-700
49. Hoyt MA, He L, Loo KK, Saunders WS. 1992. Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin-related gene-products required for mitotic spindle assembly. J. Cell Biol. 118:109-20
50. Hoyt MA, He L, Totis L, Saunders WS. 1993. Loss of function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin-related CIN8 and KIP1 is suppressed by KAR3 motor domain mutants. Genetics 135:35-44
51. Hyman AA, Middleton K, Centola M, Mitchison TJ, Carbon J. 1992. Microtubule-motor activity of a yeast centromere-binding protein complex. Nature 359:533-36
52. Jiang W, Lechner J, Carbon J. 1993. Isolation and characterization of a gene (CBF2) specifying a protein component of the budding yeast kinetochore. J. Cell Biol. 121:513-19
53. Jiang W, Middleton K, Yoon H, Fouquet C, Carbon J. 1993. An essential yeast protein, CBF5p, binds in vitro to centromeres and microtubules. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:4884-93
54. Joshi HC, Palacios MJ, McNamara L, Cleveland DW. 1992. β-Tubulin is a centrosomal protein required for cell cycle-dependent microtubule nucleation. Nature 356:80-3
55. Kalt A, Schliwa M. 1993. Molecular components of the centrosome. Trends Cell Biol. 3:18-28
56. Kashina AS, Baskin RJ, Cole DG, Wedaman KP, Saxton WM, Scholey JM. 1996. A bipolar kinesin. Nature 379:270-72
57. Kellum R, Alberts BM. 1995. Heterochromatin protein 1 is required for correct chromosome segregation in Drosophila embryos. J. Cell Sci. 108:1419-31
58. Kilmartin JV, Dyos SL, Kershaw D, Finch JT. 1993. A spacer protein in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spindle Pole Body whose transcript is cell cycle-regulated. J. Cell Biol. 123:1175-84
59. Kochanski R, Borisy G. 1990. Mode of centriole duplication and distribution. J. Cell Biol. 110:1599-605
60. Koshland DE, Mitchison TJ, Kirschner MW. 1988. Polewards chromosome movement driven by microtubule depolymerization in vitro. Nature 331:499-504
61. Kuriyama R, Kofron M, Essner R, Kato T, Dragas-Granoic S, et al. 1995. Characterization of a minus end-directed kinesin-like motor protein from cultured mammalian cells. J. Cell Biol. 129:1049-59
62. Le Guellec R, Paris J, Couturier A, Roghi C, Philippe M. 1991. Cloning by differential screening of a Xenopus cDNA that encodes a kinesin-related protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:3395-98
63. Lechner J. 1994. A zinc finger protein, essential for chromosome segregation, constitutes a putative DNA binding subunit of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinetochore complex, Cbf3. EMBO J. 13:5203-11
64. Lechner J, Carbon J. 1991. A 240 kd multisubunit protein complex, CBF3, is a major component of the budding yeast centromere. Cell 64:717-25
65. Li Q, Joshi HC. 1995. β-Tubulin is a minus end-specific microtubule binding protein. J. Cell Biol. 131:207-14
66. Li Y, Yeh E, Hays T, Bloom K. 1993. Disruption of mitotic spindle orientation in a yeast dynein mutant. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:11096-100
67. Lombillo VA, Nislow C, Yen TJ, Gelfand VI, McIntosh JR. 1995. Antibodies to the kinesin motor domain and CENP-E inhibit depolymerization-dependent motion of chromosome in vitro. J. Cell Biol. 128:107-15
68. Lu KP, Osmani SA, Osmani AH, Means AR. 1993. Essential roles for calcium and calmodulin in G2/M progression in Aspergillus nidulans. J. Cell Biol. 121:621-30
69. Marschall LG, Clarke L. 1995. A novel cis-acting centromeric DNA element affects S. pombe centromeric chromatin structure at a distance. J. Cell Biol. 128:445-54
70. Marschall LG, Jeng RL, Mulholland J, Stearns T. 1996. Analysis of Tub4p, a yeast γ-tubulin-like protein: implications for microtubule-organizing center function. J. Cell Biol. 134:443-54
71. McCully EK, Robinow CF. 1971. Mitosis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe: a comparative study with light and electron microscopy. J. Cell Sci. 9:475-507
72. McDonald HB, Stewart RJ, Goldstein LSB. 1990. The kinesin-like ncd protein of Drosophila is a minus end-directed microtubule motor. Cell 63:1159-65
73. McGrew J, Diehl B, Fitzgerald-Hayes M. 1986. Single base-pair mutations in centromere element III cause aberrant chromosome segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:530-38
74. McIntosh JR, Pfarr CM. 1991. Mitotic motors. J. Cell Biol. 115:577-85
75. McMillan J, Tatchell K. 1994. The JNMI gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for nuclear migration and spindle orientation during the mitotic cycle. J. Cell Biol. 125:143-58
76. McNeil PA, Berns MW. 1981. Chromosome behavior after laser microirradiation of a single kinetochore in mitotic PtK2 cells. J. Cell Biol. 88:543-53
77. Meluh PB, Koshland D. 1995. Evidence that the MIF2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a centromere protein with homology to the mammalian centromere protein CENP-C. Mol. Biol. Cell 6:793-807
78. Meluh PB, Rose MD. 1990. KAR3, a kinesin-related gene required for yeast nuclear fusion. Cell 60:1029-41
79. Middleton K, Carbon J. 1994. KAR3-encoded kinesin is a minus end-directed motor that functions with centromere binding proteins (CBF3) on an in vitro yeast kinetochore. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:7212-16
80. Mirzayan C, Copeland CS, Snyder M. 1992. The NUF1 gene encodes an essential coiled-coil related protein that is a potential component of the yeast nucleoskeleton. J. Cell Biol. 116:1319-32
81. Morgan DO. 1995. Principles of CDK regulation. Nature 374:131-34
82. Moritz M, Braunfeld MB, Sedat JW, Alberts B, Agard DA. 1995. Microtubule nucleation by γ-tubulin-containing rings in the centrosome. Nature 378:638-40
83. Morris NR, Xiang X, Beckwith SM. 1995. Nuclear migration advances in fungi. Trends Cell Biol. 5:278-82
84. Murphy MR, Fowlkes DM, Fitzgerald-Hayes M. 1991. Analysis of centromere function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using synthetic centromere mutants. Chromosoma 101:189-97
85. + kinesin-like gene and extracentromeric sequences are required for transmission of a Drosophila minichromosome. Cell 81:139-48
86. Murphy TD, Karpen GH. 1995. Localization of centromere function in a Drosophila minichromosome. Cell 82:599-609
87. Nasmyth K. 1993. Control of the yeast cell cycle by the Cdc28 protein kinase. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 5:166-79
88. Nislow C, Lombillo VA, Kuriyama R, McIntosh JR. 1992. A plus end-directed motor enzyme that moves antiparallel microtubules in vitro localizes to the interzone of mitotic spindles. Nature 359:543-47
89. O'Connell MJ, Meluh PB, Rose MD, Morris NR. 1993. Suppression of the bimC4 mitotic spindle defect by deletion of klpA, a gene encoding a KAR3-related kinesin-like protein in Aspergillus nidulans. J. Cell Biol. 120:153-62
90. Oakley BR, Oakley CE, Yoon Y, Jung MK. 1990. β-Tubulin is a component of the Spindle Pole Body that is essential for microtubule function in Aspergillus nidulans. Cell 61:1289-301
91. Oakley CE, Oakley BR. 1989. Identification of γ-tubulin, a new member of the tubulin superfamily encoded by mipA gene of Aspergillus nidulans. Nature 338:662-64
92. Osborne MA, Schlenstedt G, Jinks T, Silver PA. 1994. NUF2, a Spindle Pole Body-associated protein required for nuclear division in yeast. J. Cell Biol. 125:853-66
93. Page BD, Satterwhite LL, Rose MD, Snyder M. 1994. Localization of the Kar3 kinesin heavy chain-related protein requires the Cik1 interacting protein. J. Cell Biol. 124:507-19
94. Page BD, Snyder M. 1992. CIK1: a developmentally regulated Spindle Pole Body-associated protein important for microtubule functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Dev. 6:1414-29
95. Page BD, Snyder M. 1993. Chromosome segregation in yeast. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 47:231-61
96. Palmer RE, Sullivan DS, Huffaker TH, Koshland D. 1992. Role of astral microtubules in spindle orientation and migration in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 119:583-94
97. Peterson JB, Ris H. 1976. Electron-microscopic study of the spindle and chromosome movement in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Sci. 22:219-42
98. Pfarr CM, Coue M, Grissom PM, Hays TS, Porter ME, McIntosh JR. 1990. Cytoplasmic dynein is localized to kinetochores during mitosis. Nature 345:263-65
99. Plamann M, Minke PF, Tinsley JH, Bruno KS. 1994. Cytoplasmic dynein and actin-related protein Arp1 are required for normal nuclear distribution in filamentous fungi. J. Cell Biol. 127:139-49
100. Pluta AF, Mackay AM, Ainsztein AM, Goldberg IG, Earnshaw WC. 1995. The centromere: hub of chromosomal activities. Science 270:1591-94
101. Polaina J, Conde J. 1982. Genes involved in the control of nuclear fusion during the sexual cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Gen. Genet. 186:253-58
102. Rasmussen CD, Means AR. 1989. Calmodulin is required for cell-cycle progression during G1 and mitosis. EMBO J. 8:73-82
103. Rasmusson K, Serr M, Gepner J, Gibbons I, Hays TS. 1994. A family of dynein genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. Biol. Cell 5:45-55
104. 2. Genes Dev. 6:2021-34
105. Rieder CL, Cole RW, Khodjakov A, Sluder G. 1995. The checkpoint delaying anaphase in response to chromosome monoorientation is mediated by an inhibitory signal produced by unattached kinetochores. J. Cell Biol. 130:941-48
106. Roof DM, Meluh PB, Rose MD. 1992. Kinesin-related proteins required for assembly of the mitotic spindle. J. Cell Biol. 118:95-108
107. Rose MD, Biggins S, Satterwhite LL. 1993. Unravelling the tangled web at the microtubule-organizing center. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 5:105-15
108. Rose MD, Fink GR. 1987. KAR1, a gene required for function of both intranuclear and extranuclear microtubules in yeast. Cell 48:1047-60
109. Rout MP, Kilmartin JV. 1990. Components of the yeast spindle and Spindle Pole Body. J. Cell Biol. 111:1913-27
110. Rout MP, Kilmartin JV. 1991. Yeast Spindle Pole Body components. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 56:687-92
111. Salisbury JL. 1995. Centrin, centrosomes, and mitotic spindle poles. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 7:39-45
112. Salisbury JL, Baron AT, Sanders MA. 1988. The centrin-based cytoskeleton of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: distribution in interphase and mitotic cells. J. Cell Biol. 107:635-41
113. Saunders WS, Hoyt MA. 1992. Kinesin-related proteins required for structural integrity of the mitotic spindle. Cell 70:451-58
114. Saunders WS, Koshland D, Eshel D, Gibbons IR, Hoyt MA. 1995. Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin- and dynein-related proteins required for anaphase chromosome segregation. J. Cell Biol. 128:617-24
115. Sawin KE, LeGuellec K, Philippe M, Mitchison TJ. 1992. Mitotic spindle organization by a plus end-directed microtubule motor. Nature 359:540-43
116. Sawin KE, Mitchison TJ. 1995. Mutations in the kinesin-like protein Eg5 disrupting localization to the mitotic spindle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:4289-93
117. Schatz PJ, Solomon F, Botstein D. 1986. Genetically essential and nonessential α-tubulin genes specify functionally interchangeable proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:3722-33
118. Schroer TA. 1994. New insights into the interaction of cytoplasmic dynein with the actin-related protein, Arp1. J. Cell Biol. 127:1-4
119. Schulman I, Bloom KS. 1991. Centromeres: an integrated protein/DNA complex required for chromosome movement. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 7:311-36
120. Snyder M. 1994. The Spindle Pole Body of yeast. Chromosoma 103:369-80
121. Sobel SG, Synder M. 1995. A highly divergent γ-tubulin gene is essential for cell growth and proper microtubule organization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 131:1775-88
122. Sorger PK, Doheny KF, Hieter P, Kopski KM, Huffaker TC, Hyman AA. 1995. Two genes required for the binding of an essential Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinetochore complex to DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:12026-30
123. Sorger PK, Severin FF, Hyman AA. 1994. Factors required for the binding of reassembled yeast kinetochores to microtubules in vitro. J. Cell Biol. 127:995-1008
124. Spang A, Courtney I, Fackler U, Matzner M, Schiebel E. 1993. The calcium-binding protein cell division cycle 31 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a component of the half bridge of the Spindle Pole Body. J. Cell Biol. 123:405-16
125. Spang A, Courtney I, Grein K, Matzner M, Schiebel E. 1995. The Cdc31p-binding protein Kar1p is a component of the half bridge of the yeast Spindle Pole Body. J. Cell Biol. 128:863-77
126. Spang A, Geissler S, Grein K, Schiebel E. 1996. The γ-tubulin-like Tub4p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is associated with the Spindle Pole Body substructures that organize microtubules and is required for mitotic spindle function. J. Cell Biol. 134:429-41
127. Spencer F, Hieter P. 1992. Centromere DNA mutations induce a mitotic delay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:8908-12
128. Spurck TP, Stonington OG, Snyder JA, Pickett-Heaps JD, Bajer A, Mole-Bajer J. 1990. UV microbeam irradiations of the mitotic spindle II. Spindle fiber dynamics and force production. J. Cell Biol. 111:1505-18
129. Stearns T, Evans L, Kirschner M. 1991. (-Tubulin is a highly conserved component of the centrosome. Cell 65:825-36
130. Stearns T, Kirschner M. 1994. In vitro reconstitution of centrosome assembly and function: the central role of γ-tubulin. Cell 76:623-37
131. Steiner NC, Clarke L. 1994. A novel epigenetic effect can alter centromere function in fission yeast. Cell 79:865-74
132. Steuer ER, Wordeman L, Schroer TA, Sheetz MP. 1990. Localization of cytoplasmic dynein to mitotic spindles and kinetochores. Nature 345:266-68
133. Stirling DA, Welch KA, Stark MJ. 1994. Interaction with calmodulin is required for the function of Spc110p, an essential component of the yeast Spindle Pole Body. EMBO J. 13:4329-42
134. Stoler S, Keith KC, Curnick KE, Fitzgerald-Hayes M. 1995. A mutation in CSE4, an essential gene encoding a novel chromatin-associated protein in yeast, causes chromosome nondisjunction and cell cycle arrest at mitosis. Genes Dev. 9:573-86
135. Stratmann R, Lehner CF. 1996. Separation of sister chromatids in mitosis requires the Drosophila pimples product, a protein degraded after the metaphase/anaphase transition. Cell 84:25-35
136. Strunnikov AV, Kingsbury J, Koshland D. 1995. CEP3 encodes a centromere protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 128:749-60
137. Sullivan DS, Huffaker TC. 1992. Astral microtubules are not required for anaphase B in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 119:379-88
138. Sun GH, Hirata A, Ohya Y, Anraku Y. 1992. Mutations in yeast calmodulin cause defects in Spindle Pole Body functions and nuclear integrity. J. Cell Biol. 119:1625-39
139. Sundberg HA, Goetsch L, Byers B, Davis TN. 1996. Role of calmodulin and Spc110p interaction in the proper assembly of Spindle Pole Body components. J. Cell Biol. 133:11-24
140. Taillon BE, Adler SA, Suhan JP, Jarvik JW. 1992. Mutational analysis of centrin: an EF-hand protein associated with three distinct contractile fibers in the basal body apparatus of Chlamydomonas. J. Cell Biol. 119:1613-24
141. Theurkauf WE, Hawley RS. 1992. Meiotic spindle assembly in Drosophila females: behavior of nonexchange chromosomes and the effects of mutations in the nod kinesin-like protein. J. Cell Biol. 116:1167-80
142. Vaisberg EA, Koonce MP, McIntosh JR. 1993. Cytoplasmic dynein plays a role in mammalian mitotic spindle formation. J. Cell Biol. 123:849-58
143. Vallee RB, Sheetz MP. 1996. Targeting of motor proteins. Science 271:1539-44
144. Vallen EA, Ho W, Winey M, Rose MD. 1994. Genetic interactions between CDC31 and KAR1, two genes required for duplication of the microtubule organizing center in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 137:407-22
145. Vallen EA, Scherson TY, Roberts T, van Zee K, Rose MD. 1992. Asymmetric mitotic segregation of the yeast Spindle Pole Body. Cell 69:505-15
146. Verde F, Berrez J, Antony C, Karsenti E. 1991. Taxol-induced microtubule asters in mitotic extracts of Xenopus eggs: requirement for phosphorylated factors and cytoplasmic dynein. J. Cell Biol. 112:1177-87
147. Vernos I, Karsenti E. 1995. Chromosomes take the lead in spindle assembly. Trends Cell Biol. 5:297-301
148. Vernos I, Raats J, Hirano T, Heasman J, Karsenti E, Wylie C. 1995. Xklp1, a chromosomal Xenopus kinesin-like protein essential for spindle organization and chromosome positioning. Cell 81:117-27
149. Walczak CE, Mitchison TJ, Desai A. 1996. XKCM1: A Xenopus kinesin-related protein that regulates microtubule dynamics during mitotic spindle assembly. Cell 84:37-47
150. Walker RA, Salmon ED, Endow SA. 1990. The Drosophila claret segregation protein is a minus end-directed motor molecule. Nature 347:780-82
151. Wang S, Adler R. 1995. Chromokinesin: a DNA-binding, kinesin-like nuclear protein. J. Cell Biol. 128:761-68
152. Wang Y, Burke DJ. 1995. Checkpoint genes required to delay cell division in response to nocodazole respond to impaired kinetochore function in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:6838-44
153. Wein H, Foss M, Brady B, Cande WZ. 1996. DSK1, a novel kinesin-related protein from the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis that is involved in anaphase spindle elongation. J. Cell Biol. 133:595-604
154. Weiss E, Winey M. 1996. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spindle Pole Body duplication gene MPS1 is part of a mitotic checkpoint. J. Cell Biol. 132:111-23
155. Winey M, Goetsch L, Baum P, Byers B. 1991. MPS1 and MPS2: novel yeast genes defining distinct steps of Spindle Pole Body duplication. J. Cell Biol. 114:745-54
156. Winey M, Hoyt MA, Chan C, Goetsch L, Botstein D, Byers B. 1993. NDC1: a nuclear periphery component required for yeast Spindle Pole Body duplication. J. Cell Biol. 122:743-51
157. Winey M, Mamay CL, O'Toole ET, Mastronarde DN, Giddings TH, et al. 1995. Three-dimensional ultrastructural analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitotic spindle. J. Cell Biol. 129:1601-15
158. Wordeman L, Mitchison TJ. 1995. Identification and partial characterization of mitotic centromere-associated kinesin, a kinesin-related protein that associates with centromeres during mitosis. J. Cell Biol. 128:95-105
159. Xiang X, Beckwith SM, Morris NR. 1994. Cytoplasmic dynein is involved in nuclear migration in Aspergillus nidulans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:2100-4
160. Xiang X, Roghi C, Morris NR. 1995. Characterization and localization of the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain in Aspergillus nidulans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:9890-94
161. Yeh E, Skibbens RV, Cheng JW, Salmon ED, Bloom K. 1995. Spindle dynamics and cell cycle regulation of dynein in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 130:687-700
162. Zhang P, Hawley RS. 1990. The genetic analysis of distributive segregation in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Further genetic analysis of the nod locus. Genetics 125:115-27
163. Zheng Y, Wong ML, Alberts B, Mitchison T. 1995. Nucleation of microtubule assembly by a γ-tubulin-containing ring complex. Nature 378:578-83
164. Zinkowski RP, Meyne J, Brinkley BR. 1991. The centromere-kinetochore complex: a repeat subunit model. J. Cell Biol. 113:1091-110