메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 109, Issue 13, 1996, Pages 3001-3012

Deficiency of protein phosphatase 2A uncouples the nuclear and centrosome cycles and prevents attachment of microtubules to the kinetochore in Drosophila microtubule star (mts) embryos

Author keywords

Centrosome; Drosophila; Kinetochore; Microtubule; Mitosis; Protein phosphatase

Indexed keywords

PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A;

EID: 0030446290     PISSN: 00219533     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (83)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 0027985351 scopus 로고
    • Effect on microtubule dynamics of XMAP230, a microtubuleassociated protein present in Xennpus laevis eggs and dividing cells
    • Andersen, S.S., Buendia, B., Domínguez, J. E., Sawyer, A. and Karsenti, E. (1994). Effect on microtubule dynamics of XMAP230, a microtubuleassociated protein present in Xennpus laevis eggs and dividing cells. J. Cell Bull. 127, 1289-1299.
    • (1994) J. Cell Bull. , vol.127 , pp. 1289-1299
    • Andersen, S.S.1    Buendia, B.2    Domínguez, J.E.3    Sawyer, A.4    Karsenti, E.5
  • 2
    • 0028809939 scopus 로고
    • Drosophila PPY, a male specific protein serine/threonine phosphatase localised in somatic cells of the testis
    • Armstrong, C. G., Mann, D. J., Berndt, N. and Cohen, P. T. W. (1995). Drosophila PPY, a male specific protein serine/threonine phosphatase localised in somatic cells of the testis. J. Cell Sci 108, 3367-3375.
    • (1995) J. Cell Sci , vol.108 , pp. 3367-3375
    • Armstrong, C.G.1    Mann, D.J.2    Berndt, N.3    Cohen, P.T.W.4
  • 3
    • 0003455528 scopus 로고
    • Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
    • Ashburner, M. (1989). Drosophila: a Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
    • (1989) Drosophila: A Laboratory Manual
    • Ashburner, M.1
  • 4
    • 0030048731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a protein that interacts with tubulin dimers and increases the catastrophe rate of microtubules
    • Belmont, L. and Mitchison, T. (1996). Identification of a protein that interacts with tubulin dimers and increases the catastrophe rate of microtubules. Cell 84, 623-631.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.84 , pp. 623-631
    • Belmont, L.1    Mitchison, T.2
  • 5
    • 0027292675 scopus 로고
    • Multiple phosphorylation of stathmin
    • Beretta, L., Dobransky, T. and Sobel, A. (1993). Multiple phosphorylation of stathmin. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 20076-20084.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 20076-20084
    • Beretta, L.1    Dobransky, T.2    Sobel, A.3
  • 7
    • 0024397415 scopus 로고
    • The structure and regulation of protein phosphatases
    • Cohen, P. (1989). The structure and regulation of protein phosphatases. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 58, 453-508.
    • (1989) Annu. Rev. Biochem. , vol.58 , pp. 453-508
    • Cohen, P.1
  • 8
    • 0028091983 scopus 로고
    • Differential phosphorylation in vivo of cytoplasmic dynein associated with anterogradely moving organelles
    • Dillman, J. F, and Pfister, K. K. (1994). Differential phosphorylation in vivo of cytoplasmic dynein associated with anterogradely moving organelles. J. Cell Biol. 127, 1671-1681.
    • (1994) J. Cell Biol. , vol.127 , pp. 1671-1681
    • Dillman, J.F.1    Pfister, K.K.2
  • 9
    • 0024427481 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and chromosomal localization of Drosophila cDNA encoding the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1α. High conservation between mammalian and insect sequences
    • Dombrádi, V., Axton, J. M., Glover, D. M. and Cohen, P. T. W. (1989). Cloning and chromosomal localization of Drosophila cDNA encoding the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1α. High conservation between mammalian and insect sequences. Eur. J. Biochem. 183, 603-610.
    • (1989) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.183 , pp. 603-610
    • Dombrádi, V.1    Axton, J.M.2    Glover, D.M.3    Cohen, P.T.W.4
  • 10
    • 15844399126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rox3 and Rts1 function in the global stress response pathway in Baker's yeast
    • Evangelista, C. C., Rodriguez, T., Limbach, M. P. and Zitomer, S. R. (1996). Rox3 and Rts1 function in the global stress response pathway in Baker's yeast. Genetics 142, 1083-1093.
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.142 , pp. 1083-1093
    • Evangelista, C.C.1    Rodriguez, T.2    Limbach, M.P.3    Zitomer, S.R.4
  • 11
    • 0028226047 scopus 로고
    • Purification of microtubule proteins from Xenopus egg extract: Identification of of a 230 KD MAP4-like protein
    • Faruki, S. and Karsenti, E. (1994). Purification of microtubule proteins from Xenopus egg extract: identification of of a 230 KD MAP4-like protein. Cell Motil. Cytoskel. 28, 108-118.
    • (1994) Cell Motil. Cytoskel. , vol.28 , pp. 108-118
    • Faruki, S.1    Karsenti, E.2
  • 12
    • 0021381028 scopus 로고
    • A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity
    • Feinberg, A. P. and Vogelstein, B. (1984). A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal. Biochem. 137, 266-267.
    • (1984) Anal. Biochem. , vol.137 , pp. 266-267
    • Feinberg, A.P.1    Vogelstein, B.2
  • 13
    • 0025058599 scopus 로고
    • Cdc2 H1 kinase is negatively regulated by a type 2A phosphatase in the Xenopus early embryonic cell cycle: Evidence from the effects of okadaic acid
    • Felix, M. A., Cohen, P. and Karsenti, E. (1990). Cdc2 H1 kinase is negatively regulated by a type 2A phosphatase in the Xenopus early embryonic cell cycle: evidence from the effects of okadaic acid. EMBO J. 9, 675-683.
    • (1990) EMBO J. , vol.9 , pp. 675-683
    • Felix, M.A.1    Cohen, P.2    Karsenti, E.3
  • 14
    • 0027337563 scopus 로고
    • 1 is the major enzyme in vertebrate cell extracts that dephosphorylates several physiological substrates for cyclin dependent protein kinases
    • 1 is the major enzyme in vertebrate cell extracts that dephosphorylates several physiological substrates for cyclin dependent protein kinases. Mol. Biol. Cell 4, 669-677.
    • (1993) Mol. Biol. Cell , vol.4 , pp. 669-677
    • Ferrigno, P.1    Langan, T.A.2    Cohen, P.3
  • 15
    • 0022759281 scopus 로고
    • The dissociation of nuclear and centrosomal division in gnu, a mutation in giant nuclei in Drosophila
    • Freeman, M., Nüsslein-Volhard, C. and Glover, D. M. (1986). The dissociation of nuclear and centrosomal division in gnu, a mutation in giant nuclei in Drosophila. Cell 46, 457-468.
    • (1986) Cell , vol.46 , pp. 457-468
    • Freeman, M.1    Nüsslein-Volhard, C.2    Glover, D.M.3
  • 16
    • 0025371941 scopus 로고
    • Centrosome duplication continues in cycloheximide-treated Xenopus blastulae in the absence of a detectable cell cycle
    • Gard, D. L., Hafezi, S., Zhang, T. and Doxsey, S. J. (1990). Centrosome duplication continues in cycloheximide-treated Xenopus blastulae in the absence of a detectable cell cycle. J. Cell Biol. 110, 2033-2042.
    • (1990) J. Cell Biol. , vol.110 , pp. 2033-2042
    • Gard, D.L.1    Hafezi, S.2    Zhang, T.3    Doxsey, S.J.4
  • 17
    • 0343693692 scopus 로고
    • The centrosome in cell division and development of Drosophila
    • (ed. V. I. Kalnins), San Diego: Academic Press
    • Glover, D. M, (1992). The centrosome in cell division and development of Drosophila. In The Centrosome (ed. V. I. Kalnins), pp. 219-234. San Diego: Academic Press.
    • (1992) The Centrosome , pp. 219-234
    • Glover, D.M.1
  • 18
    • 0027419448 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal anaphase resolution (aar): A locus required for progression through mitosis in Drosophila
    • Gomes, R., Karess, R. E., Ohkura, H., Glover, D. M. and Sunkel, C. E. (1993). Abnormal anaphase resolution (aar): a locus required for progression through mitosis in Drosophila. J. Cell Sci. 104, 583-593.
    • (1993) J. Cell Sci. , vol.104 , pp. 583-593
    • Gomes, R.1    Karess, R.E.2    Ohkura, H.3    Glover, D.M.4    Sunkel, C.E.5
  • 19
    • 0029909065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Site-selected mutagenesis of the Drosophila second chromosome via plasmid rescue of lethal P-element insertions
    • in press
    • Guo, Y., Gillan, A., Török, T., Kiss, I., Dow, J. A. T. and Kaiser, K. (1996) Site-selected mutagenesis of the Drosophila second chromosome via plasmid rescue of lethal P-element insertions. Genome Res. (in press).
    • (1996) Genome Res.
    • Guo, Y.1    Gillan, A.2    Török, T.3    Kiss, I.4    Dow, J.A.T.5    Kaiser, K.6
  • 20
    • 0026091769 scopus 로고
    • CDC55, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene involved in cellular morphogenesis: Identification, characterisation, and homology to the B subunit of mammalian type 2A protein phosphatase
    • Healy, A. M., Zolnierowicz, S., Stapleton, A. E., Goebl, M., DePaoli-Roach, A. A. and Pringle, J. R. (1991). CDC55, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene involved in cellular morphogenesis: identification, characterisation, and homology to the B subunit of mammalian type 2A protein phosphatase, Mol. Cell. Biol. 11, 5767-5780.
    • (1991) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 5767-5780
    • Healy, A.M.1    Zolnierowicz, S.2    Stapleton, A.E.3    Goebl, M.4    DePaoli-Roach, A.A.5    Pringle, J.R.6
  • 21
    • 0024996931 scopus 로고
    • Distinct, essential roles of type 1 and 2A protein phosphatases in the control of the fission yeast cell division cycle
    • Kinoshita, N., Ohkura, H. and Yanagida, M. (1990). Distinct, essential roles of type 1 and 2A protein phosphatases in the control of the fission yeast cell division cycle. Cell 63, 405-415.
    • (1990) Cell , vol.63 , pp. 405-415
    • Kinoshita, N.1    Ohkura, H.2    Yanagida, M.3
  • 22
    • 0029678249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The regulatory subunits of fission yeast protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) affect cell morphogenesis, cell wall synthesis and cytokinesis
    • Kinoshita, K., Nemoto, T., Nabeshima, K., Kondoh, H., Niwa. H. and Yanagida, M. (1996). The regulatory subunits of fission yeast protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) affect cell morphogenesis, cell wall synthesis and cytokinesis. Genes to Cells 1, 29-45.
    • (1996) Genes to Cells , vol.1 , pp. 29-45
    • Kinoshita, K.1    Nemoto, T.2    Nabeshima, K.3    Kondoh, H.4    Niwa, H.5    Yanagida, M.6
  • 23
    • 0026719599 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the cdc25 protein during the cell cycle in Xenopus extracts
    • Kumagai, A. and Dunphy, W. G. (1992). Regulation of the cdc25 protein during the cell cycle in Xenopus extracts. Cell 70, 139-151.
    • (1992) Cell , vol.70 , pp. 139-151
    • Kumagai, A.1    Dunphy, W.G.2
  • 24
    • 0027940017 scopus 로고
    • Mitotic regulation of microtubule crosslinking activity of CENP-E kinetochore protein
    • Liao, H., Li, G. and Yen, T. J. (1994). Mitotic regulation of microtubule crosslinking activity of CENP-E kinetochore protein. Science 265, 394-398.
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 394-398
    • Liao, H.1    Li, G.2    Yen, T.J.3
  • 25
    • 0029074207 scopus 로고
    • The role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae type 2A phosphatase in the actin cytoskeleton and entry into mitosis
    • Lin, F. C. and Arndt, K. T. (1995). The role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae type 2A phosphatase in the actin cytoskeleton and entry into mitosis. EMBO J. 14, 2745-2759.
    • (1995) EMBO J. , vol.14 , pp. 2745-2759
    • Lin, F.C.1    Arndt, K.T.2
  • 27
    • 0028977966 scopus 로고
    • Minus-end-directed motion of kinesin coated microspheres driven by microtubule depolymerization
    • Lombillo, V. A., Stewart, R. J. and McIntosh, J. R. (1995). Minus-end-directed motion of kinesin coated microspheres driven by microtubule depolymerization. Nature 373, 161-164.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 161-164
    • Lombillo, V.A.1    Stewart, R.J.2    McIntosh, J.R.3
  • 31
    • 0020806379 scopus 로고
    • Structures of P transposable elements and their sites of insertion and excision in the Drosophila melanogaster genome
    • O'Hare, K. and Rubin, G. M. (1983). Structures of P transposable elements and their sites of insertion and excision in the Drosophila melanogaster genome. Cell 34, 25-35.
    • (1983) Cell , vol.34 , pp. 25-35
    • O'Hare, K.1    Rubin, G.M.2
  • 32
    • 0025077107 scopus 로고
    • The structure of protein phosphatase 2A is as highly conserved as that of protein phosphatase 1
    • Orgad, S., Brewis, N. D., Alphey, L., Axton, J. M., Dudai, Y. and Cohen, P. T. W. (1990). The structure of protein phosphatase 2A is as highly conserved as that of protein phosphatase 1. FEBS Lett. 275, 44-48.
    • (1990) FEBS Lett. , vol.275 , pp. 44-48
    • Orgad, S.1    Brewis, N.D.2    Alphey, L.3    Axton, J.M.4    Dudai, Y.5    Cohen, P.T.W.6
  • 33
    • 0025847037 scopus 로고
    • Assembly/disassembly of the nuclear envelope membrane: Cell cycle-dependent binding of nuclear membrane vesicles to chromatin in vitro
    • Pfaller, R., Smythe, C. and Newport, J. W. (1991). Assembly/disassembly of the nuclear envelope membrane: cell cycle-dependent binding of nuclear membrane vesicles to chromatin in vitro. Cell 65, 209-217.
    • (1991) Cell , vol.65 , pp. 209-217
    • Pfaller, R.1    Smythe, C.2    Newport, J.W.3
  • 36
    • 0025936172 scopus 로고
    • Protein phosphalase 2A in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Effects on cell growth and bud morphogenesis
    • Ronne, H., Carlberg, M., Hu, G.-Z. and Nehlin, J. O. (1991) Protein phosphalase 2A in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: effects on cell growth and bud morphogenesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11, 4876-4884.
    • (1991) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 4876-4884
    • Ronne, H.1    Carlberg, M.2    Hu, G.-Z.3    Nehlin, J.O.4
  • 37
    • 0023651307 scopus 로고
    • RNA splice junctions of different classes of eukaryotes: Sequence statistics and functional implications in gene expression
    • Shapiro. M. B. and Senapathy, P. (1987). RNA splice junctions of different classes of eukaryotes: sequence statistics and functional implications in gene expression. Nucl. Acids Res. 15, 7155-7174.
    • (1987) Nucl. Acids Res. , vol.15 , pp. 7155-7174
    • Shapiro, M.B.1    Senapathy, P.2
  • 38
    • 0028360550 scopus 로고
    • Alternative cell fate choice induced by low level expression of a regulator of protein phosphatase 2A in the Drosophila peripheral nervous system
    • Shiomi, K., Takeichi, M., Nishida, Y., Nishi, Y. and Uemura, T. (1994). Alternative cell fate choice induced by low level expression of a regulator of protein phosphatase 2A in the Drosophila peripheral nervous system. Development 120, 1591-1599.
    • (1994) Development , vol.120 , pp. 1591-1599
    • Shiomi, K.1    Takeichi, M.2    Nishida, Y.3    Nishi, Y.4    Uemura, T.5
  • 39
    • 0025373108 scopus 로고
    • Protein synthesis and the cell cycle: Centrosome reproduction in sea urchin eggs is not under translational control
    • Sluder, G., Miller, F. J., Cole, R. and Rieder, C. L. (1990). Protein synthesis and the cell cycle: centrosome reproduction in sea urchin eggs is not under translational control. J. Cell Biol. 110, 2025-2032.
    • (1990) J. Cell Biol. , vol.110 , pp. 2025-2032
    • Sluder, G.1    Miller, F.J.2    Cole, R.3    Rieder, C.L.4
  • 40
    • 0025647113 scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein phosphatase 2A performs an essential cellular function and is encoded by two genes
    • Sneddon, A. A., Cohen, P. T. W. and Stark, M. J. R. (1990). Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein phosphatase 2A performs an essential cellular function and is encoded by two genes. EMBO J. 9, 4339-4346.
    • (1990) EMBO J. , vol.9 , pp. 4339-4346
    • Sneddon, A.A.1    Cohen, P.T.W.2    Stark, M.J.R.3
  • 41
    • 0028924295 scopus 로고
    • A novel pool of protein phosphatase 2A is associated with microtubules and is regulated during the cell cycle
    • Sontag, E., Nunbhakdi-Craig, V., Bloom, G. S. and Mumby, M. C. (1995). A novel pool of protein phosphatase 2A is associated with microtubules and is regulated during the cell cycle. J. Cell Biol. 128, 1131-1144.
    • (1995) J. Cell Biol. , vol.128 , pp. 1131-1144
    • Sontag, E.1    Nunbhakdi-Craig, V.2    Bloom, G.S.3    Mumby, M.C.4
  • 42
    • 0025320820 scopus 로고
    • Localization of cytoplasmic dynein to mitotic spindles and kinetochores
    • Steuer, E. R., Wordeman, L., Schroer, T. A. and Sheetz, M. P. (1990). Localization of cytoplasmic dynein to mitotic spindles and kinetochores. Nature 345, 266-268.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.345 , pp. 266-268
    • Steuer, E.R.1    Wordeman, L.2    Schroer, T.A.3    Sheetz, M.P.4
  • 43
    • 0027259029 scopus 로고
    • P-lacW insertional mutagenesis on the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster: Isolation of lethals with different overgrowth phenotypes
    • Török, T., Tick, G., Alvarado, M. and Kiss, I. (1993). P-lacW insertional mutagenesis on the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster: isolation of lethals with different overgrowth phenotypes. Genetics 135, 71-80.
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.135 , pp. 71-80
    • Török, T.1    Tick, G.2    Alvarado, M.3    Kiss, I.4
  • 44
    • 0027256436 scopus 로고
    • Mutation of twins encoding a regulator of protein phosphatase 2A leads to pattern duplication in the Drosophila imaginal disc
    • Uemura, T., Shiomi, K., Togashi, S. and Takeichi, M. (1993). Mutation of twins encoding a regulator of protein phosphatase 2A leads to pattern duplication in the Drosophila imaginal disc. Genes Dev. 7, 429-440.
    • (1993) Genes Dev. , vol.7 , pp. 429-440
    • Uemura, T.1    Shiomi, K.2    Togashi, S.3    Takeichi, M.4
  • 45
    • 0026646041 scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of the protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit A results in morphological and transcriptional defects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • van Zyl, W., Huang, W., Sneddon, A. A., Stark, M., Camier, S., Werner, M., Marck, C., Sentenac, A. and Broach, J. R. (1992). Inactivation of the protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit A results in morphological and transcriptional defects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12, 4946-4959.
    • (1992) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 4946-4959
    • Van Zyl, W.1    Huang, W.2    Sneddon, A.A.3    Stark, M.4    Camier, S.5    Werner, M.6    Marck, C.7    Sentenac, A.8    Broach, J.R.9
  • 46
    • 0030031999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • XKCM1: A Xenopus kinesin-related protein that regulates microtubule dynamics during mitotic spindle assembly
    • Walczak, C. E., Mitchison, T. and Desai, A. (1996). XKCM1: a Xenopus kinesin-related protein that regulates microtubule dynamics during mitotic spindle assembly. Cell 84, 37-47.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.84 , pp. 37-47
    • Walczak, C.E.1    Mitchison, T.2    Desai, A.3
  • 47
    • 0030065261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein phosphatase 2A positively and negatively regulates Ras1-mediated photoreceptor development in Drosophila
    • Wassarman, D. A., Solomon, N. M., Chang, H. C., Karim, F. D., Therrien, M. and Rubin, G. M. (1996). Protein phosphatase 2A positively and negatively regulates Ras1-mediated photoreceptor development in Drosophila. Genes Dev. 10, 272-278.
    • (1996) Genes Dev. , vol.10 , pp. 272-278
    • Wassarman, D.A.1    Solomon, N.M.2    Chang, H.C.3    Karim, F.D.4    Therrien, M.5    Rubin, G.M.6
  • 48
    • 0029129557 scopus 로고
    • Serine/threonine protein phosphatases
    • Wera, S. and Hemmings, B. A. (1995). Serine/threonine protein phosphatases. Biochem. J. 311, 17-29.
    • (1995) Biochem. J. , vol.311 , pp. 17-29
    • Wera, S.1    Hemmings, B.A.2
  • 49
    • 0028892753 scopus 로고
    • The 190 kDa centrosome-associated protein of Drosophila melanogaster contains four zinc finger motifs and binds to specific sites on polytene chromosomes
    • Whitfield, W. G., Chaplin, M. A., Oegema, K., Parry, H. and Glover, D. M. (1995). The 190 kDa centrosome-associated protein of Drosophila melanogaster contains four zinc finger motifs and binds to specific sites on polytene chromosomes. J. Cell Sci. 108, 3377-3387.
    • (1995) J. Cell Sci. , vol.108 , pp. 3377-3387
    • Whitfield, W.G.1    Chaplin, M.A.2    Oegema, K.3    Parry, H.4    Glover, D.M.5
  • 50
    • 0028887847 scopus 로고
    • Identification and partial characterization of mitotic centromere-associated kinesin, a kinesin-related protein that associates with the centromere during mitosis
    • Wordeman, L. and Mitchison, T. (1995). Identification and partial characterization of mitotic centromere-associated kinesin, a kinesin-related protein that associates with the centromere during mitosis. J. Cell Biol. 128, 95-105.
    • (1995) J. Cell Biol. , vol.128 , pp. 95-105
    • Wordeman, L.1    Mitchison, T.2
  • 51
    • 0025782910 scopus 로고
    • CENP-E, a novel human centromere-associated protein required for progression from metaphase to anaphase
    • Yen, T. J., Compton, D. A., Wise, D., Zinkowski, R. P., Brinkley, B. R., Earnshaw, W. C. and Cleveland, D. W. (1991). CENP-E, a novel human centromere-associated protein required for progression from metaphase to anaphase. EMBO J. 10, 1245-1254.
    • (1991) EMBO J. , vol.10 , pp. 1245-1254
    • Yen, T.J.1    Compton, D.A.2    Wise, D.3    Zinkowski, R.P.4    Brinkley, B.R.5    Earnshaw, W.C.6    Cleveland, D.W.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.