Dynamics of mantle flow and melting at a ridge-centered hotspot: Iceland and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Volumn 144, Issue 1-2, 1996, Pages 53-74

  Ito, Garrett ^a   Lin, Jian ^a   Gable, Carl W ^b  

^a WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

^b LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Hot spots; Iceland; Mantle plumes; Melting; Mid Atlantic Ridge

Indexed keywords

BUOYANCY; HOT SPOT; HOTSPOTS; MANTLE FLOW; MANTLE PROCESSES; MELTING; MID OCEAN RIDGE; MID-OCEAN RIDGES;

ATLANTIC, MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; ICELAND;

EID: 0030435092     PISSN: 0012821X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0012-821x(96)00151-3     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. M.F. Coffin and O. Eldholm, Large igneous provinces: Crustal structure, dimensions, and external consequences, Rev. Geophys. 32, 1-36, 1994.
2. W.J. Morgan. Convection plumes in the lower mantle, Nature 230, 42-43, 1971.
3. P.R. Vogt, Evidence for global synchronism in mantle plume convection, and possible significance for geology, Nature 240, 338-342, 1972.
4. J.-G. Schilling, Iceland mantle plume: Geochemical study of Reykjanes Ridge, Nature 242, 565-571, 1973.
5. P.R. Vogt, Plumes, subaxial pipe flow, and topography along the mid-ocean ridge, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 29, 309-325, 1976.
6. J.-G. Schilling, Upper mantle heterogeneities and dynamics, Nature 314, 62-67, 1985.
7. J.-G. Schilling, G. Thompson, R. Kingsley and S. Humphris, Hotspot-migrating ridge interaction in the South Atlantic, Nature 313, 187-191, 1985.
8. J.-G. Schilling, Fluxes and excess temperatures of mantle plumes inferred from their interaction with migrating mid-ocean ridges, Nature 352, 397-403, 1991.
9. M.A. Feighner and M.A. Richards, The fluid dynamics of plume-ridge and plume-plate interactions: an experimental investigation, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 129, 171-182, 1995.
10. M.A. Feighner, L.H. Kellogg and B.J. Travis, Numerical modeling of chemically buoyant mantle plumes at spreading ridges, Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 715-718, 1995.
11. K. Ribe, U.R. Christensen and J. Theissing, The dynamics of plume-ridge interaction, 1 : Ridge-centered plumes, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 134, 155-168, 1995.
12. E.R. Oxburgh and E.M. Parmentier, Compositional and density stratification in oceanic lithosphere - causes and consequences, J. Geol. Soc. London 133, 343-355, 1977.
13. J.L. Ahern and D.L. Turcotte, Magma migration beneath an ocean ridge. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 45, 115-122, 1979.
14. J. Phipps Morgan, Melt migration beneath mid-ocean spreading centers, Geophys. Res. Lett. 14, 1238-1241, 1987.
15. D.R. Scott and D.J. Stevenson, A self-consistent model for melting, magma migration and buoyancy-driven circulation beneath mid-ocean ridges, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 2973-2988, 1989.
16. I. Phipps Morgan, W.J. Morgan and E. Price, Hotspot melting generates both hotspot volcanism and a hotspot swell?, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 8045-8062, 1995.
17. D.W. Sparks, E.M. Parmentier and J. Phipps Morgan, Three-dimensional mantle convection beneath a segmented spreading center: Implications for along-axis variations in crustal thickness and gravity, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 21,977-21,995, 1993.
18. K. Jha, E.M. Parmentier and J. Phipps Morgan, The role of mantle depletion and melt-retention buoyancy in spreading-center segmentation, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 125, 221-234, 1994.
19. D.L. Turcotte and J. Phipps Morgan, The physics of magma migration and mantle flow beneath a mid-ocean ridge, in: Mantle Flow and Melt Generation Beneath Mid-Ocean Ridges, J. Phipps Morgan, D.K. Blackman and I.M. Sinton, eds., pp. 155-182, AGU, Washington, D.C., 1992.
20. C.W. Gable, Numerical models of plate tectonics and mantle convection in three dimensions, Ph.D. Thesis, Harvard Univ., 1989.
21. C.W. Gable, R.J. O'Connel and B.J. Travis, Convection in three dimensions with surface plates: Generation of toroidal flow, J. Geophys. Res. 96, 8391-8405, 1991.
22. U. Christensen, Convection with pressure- and temperature-dependent non-Newtonian rheology, Geophys. J.R. Astron. Soc. 77, 343-384, 1984.
23. U. Christensen and H. Harder, 3-D convection with variable viscosity, Geophys. J. Int. 104, 213-226, 1991.
24. F. Busse, U. Christensen, R. Clever, et al., 3D convection at infinite Prandtl number in Cartesian geometry - A benchmark comparison, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dynam. 75, 39-59, 1993.
25. D. McKenzie and M.J. Bickle, The volume and composition of melt generated by extension of the lithosphere, J. Petrol. 29, 625-679, 1988.
26. 226Ra disequilibria, in: 6th V.M. Goldschmidt Conf., Heidelberg, Germany, 1996.
27. G. Ito, J. Lin and R.S. Detrick, The effects of near-ridge hot spots on mid-ocean ridge density and temperature structure from analysis of gravity and bathymetry: Results from the Galapagos, Azores, and Iceland, EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Union Spring Meet. Suppl. 75, 335, 1994.
28. G. Ito and J. Lin, Oceanic spreading center-hotspot interactions: Constraints from along-isochron bathymetric and gravity anomalies, Geology 23, 657-660, 1995.
29. B.-Y. Kuo and D.W. Forsyth, Gravity anomalies of the ridge-transform system in the South Atlantic between 31° and 34.5°S: Upwelling centers and variations in crustal thick ness, Mar. Geophys. Res. 10, 205-232, 1988.
30. J. Lin, G.M. Purdy, H. Schouten, J.-C. Sempéré and C. Zervas, Evidence from gravity data for focused magmatic accretion along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Nature 344, 627-632, 1990.
31. G. Ito and J. Lin, Mantle temperature anomalies along the present and paleoaxes of the Galapagos Spreading Center as inferred from gravity analyses, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 3733-3745, 1995.
32. W. Menke and D. Sparks, Crustal accretion model for Iceland predicts 'cold' crust. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 1673-1676, 1995.
33. R.S. White, J.W. Bown and J.R. Smallwood, The temperature of the Iceland plume and origin of outward propagating V-shaped ridges, J. Geol. Soc. London 152, 1039-1045, 1995.
34. B. Parsons and J.G. Sclater, An analysis of the variation of ocean floor bathymetry and heat flow with age. J. Geophys. Res. 82, 803-827, 1977.
35. R.L. Parker, The rapid calculation of potential anomalies, Geophys. J.R. Astron. Soc. 31, 447-455, 1973.
36. C. DeMets, R.G. Gordon, D.F. Argus and S. Stein, Effect of recent revisions to the geomagnetic reversal time scale on estimates of current plate motions, Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 2191-2194, 1994.
37. J.R. Smallwood, R.S. White and T.A. Minshull, Seafloor spreading in the presence of the Iceland plume: the structure of the Reykjanes Ridge at 61°40′N. J. Geol. Soc. London 152, 1023-1029, 1995.
38. P.D. Clift, J. Turner and ODP Leg 152 Scientific Party, Dynamic support by the Iceland plume and its effect on the subsidence of the northern Atlantic margins, J. Geol. Soc. London 152, 935-942, 1995.
39. D. McKenzie, The generation and compaction of partially molten rock, J. Petrol. 25, 713-765, 1984.
40. W.R. Buck, Along-axis crustal flow and ridge topographic segmentation, EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Union Spring Meet. Suppl. 77, 276, 1996.
41. J.-G. Schilling, Geochemical and isotopic variation along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axis from 79°N to 0°N, in: The Geology of North America, P.R. Vogt and B.E. Tucholke, eds., pp. 137-156, GSA, Boulder, Colo., 1986.
42. E.H. Hauri, J.A. Whitehead and S.R. Hart, Fluid dynamics and geochemical aspects of entrainment in mantle plumes, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 24,275-24,300, 1994.
43. E.D. Humphreys and K.G. Dueker, Physical state of the western U.S. upper mantle, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 9635-9650, 1994.
44. I.T. Bjarnason, C.J. Wolfe and S.C. Solomon, Initial results from the ICEMELT experiment: Body-wave delay times and shear-wave splitting across Iceland, Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 459-462, 1996.
45. G. Hirth and D.L. Kohlstedt, Water in the oceanic upper mantle: Implications for rheology, melt extraction, and the evolution of the lithosphere, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., in press, 1996.
46. N.H. Sleep, Hotspots and mantle plumes: Some phenomenology, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 6715-6736, 1990.
47. P.R. Vogt, Asthenosphere motion recorded by the by the ocean floor south of Iceland, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 13, 153-160, 1971.
48. P. Wessel and W.H.F. Smith, New version of the Generic Mapping Tools released, EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 76, 329, 1995.
49. M. Spiegelman, Geochemical consequences of melt transport in 2-D: The sensitivity of trace elements to mantle dynamics, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 139, 115-132, 1996.