Democracy and multi-party politics in Africa

Journal of Modern African Studies

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 555-573

  Makinda, Samuel M ^a  

^a MURDOCH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEMOCRATISATION; DEVELOPING REGION; GEOPOLITICAL STUDY; LIBERAL DEMOCRACY; PARTY POLITICS; POLITICAL CHANGE; POLITICAL LIBERALISATION;

ANGOLA; KENYA; RWANDA;

EID: 0030423306     PISSN: 0022278X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0022278x00055762     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. See Samuel P. Huntington, 'How Countries Democratize', in Political Science Quarterly (New York), 106, 4, Winter 1991-92, pp. 579-616.
2. Strobe Talbott, 'The New Geopolitics: defending democracy in the post-cold war era', in The World Today (London), 51, 1, January 1995, p. 7.
3. See, for example, Gilbert M. Khadiagala, 'Thoughts on Africa and the New World Order', in The Round Table (London), 324, October 1992, pp. 431-50.
4. Thomas M. Franck, 'The Emerging Right to Democratic Governance', in The American Journal of International Law (Washington, DC), 86, 1, 1993, pp. 46-91.
5. Keith Somerville, 'Africa: is there a silver lining?', in The World Today, 50, 11, November 1994, P. 215.
6. Cf. Oliver Furley (ed.), Conflict in Africa (London, 1995).
7. Africa Confidential (London), 34, 15, 30 July 1993, and 34, 17, 27 August 1993.
8. Julius O. Ihonvbere, Nigeria : the politics of adjustment and democracy (New Brunswick, NJ, 1994), and 'Are Things Falling Apart? The Military and the Crisis of Democratisation in Nigeria', in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), 34, 2, June 1996, pp. 193-225.
9. Julius O. Ihonvbere, Nigeria : the politics of adjustment and democracy (New Brunswick, NJ, 1994), and 'Are Things Falling Apart? The Military and the Crisis of Democratisation in Nigeria', in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), 34, 2, June 1996, pp. 193-225.
10. Bill Berkeley, 'An African Success Story?', in Atlantic Monthly (Boston), September 1994, pp. 22-30.
11. John Stockwell, In Search of Enemies : a CIA story (New York, 1978).
12. Samuel M. Makinda. 'Kenya: out of the straightjacket, slowly', in The World Today, 48, 10, October 1992, pp. 188-92.
13. David Dorward, 'Rwanda and Burundi: the politics of ethnicity and the psychology of victimisation', in Current Affairs Bulletin (Sydney), 71, 1, June-July 1994, pp. 31-8.
14. See Wm. Cyrus Reed, 'Exile, Reform, and the Rise of the Rwandan Patriotic Front', in Thi Journal of Modern African Studies, 34, 3, September 1996, pp. 479-501.
15. UN Security Council Resolution 872 of 5 October 1993.
16. International Institute for Strategic Studies, Strategic Survey, 1979 (London, 1980), p. 1.
17. David Held, 'Democracy: past, present, and possible futures', in Alternatives: social transformation and human governance (Boulder, CO), 18, 3, 1993, pp. 259-71.
18. See, for instance, Africa Confidential, 33, 10 January 1992, p. 2.
19. Talbott, loc. cit. pp. 8-9.
20. Ian Brownlie (ed.), Basic Documents on Human Rights (Oxford, 1992), pp. 21-7.
21. Cf. Julius O. Ihonvbere, 'The State, Human Rights and Democratization in Africa', in Current World Leaders (Santa Barbara, CA), 37, 4, August 1994, pp. 59-80.
22. The Weekly Review (Nairobi), 25 June 1993, p. 11.
23. UN General Assembly, 'Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action', New York, 1993, P. 25.
24. Ibid. p. 5.
25. Carol Lancaster, 'Democratisation in Sub-Saharan Africa', in Survival (London), 35, 3, 1993, P. 48.
26. For example, Talbott, loc. cit. p. 8, has cited Amartya Sen of Harvard University on this issue.
27. See Gérard Prunier, The Rwanda Crisis, 1959-1994: history of a genocide (London, 1995).
28. International Institute for Strategic Studies. Strategic Survey, 1993-1994 (London, 1995), p. 202.
29. Keith Somerville, 'The Failure of Democratic Reform in Angola and Zaire', in Survival, 35, 3, 1993, P. 52.
30. The Weekly Review, 25 June 1993, p. 27.
31. René Lemarchand, 'Africa's Troubled Transitions', in Journal of Democracy (Baltimore), 3, 4, 1992, P. 98.
32. See Samuel M. Makinda, 'Revisiting Rwanda: reconciliation postponed', in The World Today, 52, 5 May 1996, pp. 125-8.
33. Strategic Survey, 1993-1994, p. 206.
34. Gilbert M. Khadiagala, 'Kenya: intractable authoritarianism', in SAIS Review (Washington, DC), 15, Summer/Fall 1995, pp. 53-73.
35. David Held, 'Democracy, the Nation-State and the Global System', in Economy and Society (London), 20, 2, 1991, p. 143.