The eclipse of consociationalism in South Africa's democratic transition

Democratization

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 420-434

  Connors, Michael Kelly ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONSOCIATIONAL MODEL; CONSOCIATIONALISM; DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION; DEMOCRATISATION; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; ETHNIC POLITICS; NATIONAL POLITICS; POLITICAL TRANSITION;

SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 0030389439     PISSN: 13510347     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13510349608403488     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Arend Lijphart, Democracy in Plural Societies (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1977), p.236.
2. Ibid., p.1.
3. Ibid., p.5.
4. Ibid., p.24.
5. Ibid., p.25.
6. Ibid., p.53.
7. Ibid., p.81.
8. Ibid., p.169.
9. Arend Lijphart, Power Sharing in South Africa, Policy Papers in International Affairs No.24, Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley (1987), p.5.
10. Ibid., p. 10.
11. Ibid., p.119.
12. Theodor Hanf et al., South Africa: The Prospects of Peaceful Change (London: Rex Collins, 1981), pp.386-8.
13. Ibid., p.126.
14. Ibid., p.127.
15. Sam Nolutshugu, Changing South Africa (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1982), p.26.
16. Hanf et al., op. cit., p.7.
17. Donald Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1985), pp.566-68.
18. See Ronald A. Kieve, 'Pillars of Sand: A Marxist Critique of Consociational Democracy in the Netherlands', Comparative Politics, Vol.13, No.3 (1981), pp.313-37, for an alternative class perspective on the regulative role consociational democracy can play in manipulating 'second order' conflicts to class bias ends.'
19. Paul B. Rich, 'Doctrines of Change in South Africa', in J. Brewer (ed.), Can South Africa Survive? (London: Macmillan Press, 1989), p.301.
20. Robert Price, The Apartheid State in Crisis (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), p.135.
21. Lawrence Boulle, South Africa and the Consociational Option (Capetown: Juta & Co. Ltd., 1984), p.216. See Boulle for an extensive discussion on how discussions and recommendations of consociationalism proliferated throughout various government commissions.
22. Lijphart, op. cit., pp.56-64.
23. Ibid., p.63.
24. Boulle, op. cit., p.223.
25. This is despite whatever structural conditions for consociationalism Hanf et al. believed were present in the late 1970s.
26. Samuel P. Huntington, 'Reform and Stability in a Modernizing, Multi-Ethnic Society', in P. Collins, Thinking About South Africa (Hertfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990), p.73.
27. Rich, op. cit., p.305.
28. Hanf et al., op. cit., p.419.
29. Donald Horowitz, A Democratic South Africa? Constitutional Engineering in a Divided Society (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1992), pp.140-42.
30. Ibid., see concluding chapter and p.242.
31. Rupert Taylor, 'South Africa: Consociation or Democracy?', Telos, No.85 (1990), p.23.
32. See Mary de Haas, 'Ethnic Mobilisation: KwaZulu's Politics of Secession', Indicator South Africa, Vol.10, No.3 (1993), pp.47-52.
33. Ibid., p.52.
34. Johan Degenaar, 'The Myth of the Nation', Indicator South Africa, Vol.10, No.3 (Winter 1993), p.15. 'Ethnicity should be viewed as a cultural identity which belongs to civil society and not the state.'
35. See, for example, Rupert Taylor, 'The Myth of Ethnic Division: Township Conflict on the Reef', Race & Class, Vol.33, No.2 (1991), pp.1-15; Mike Morris and Doug Hindson, 'South Africa: Political Violence, Reform and Reconstruction', Review of African Political Economy, No.53 (1992), pp.43-59; Mary de Haas, 'Ethnic Mobilisation', op. cit., pp.47-52; Grant Farred, 'Unity and Difference in Black South Africa', Social Text, No.31/32 (1992), pp.217-34.
36. See, for example, Rupert Taylor, 'The Myth of Ethnic Division: Township Conflict on the Reef', Race & Class, Vol.33, No.2 (1991), pp.1-15; Mike Morris and Doug Hindson, 'South Africa: Political Violence, Reform and Reconstruction', Review of African Political Economy, No.53 (1992), pp.43-59; Mary de Haas, 'Ethnic Mobilisation', op. cit., pp.47-52; Grant Farred, 'Unity and Difference in Black South Africa', Social Text, No.31/32 (1992), pp.217-34.
37. See, for example, Rupert Taylor, 'The Myth of Ethnic Division: Township Conflict on the Reef', Race & Class, Vol.33, No.2 (1991), pp.1-15; Mike Morris and Doug Hindson, 'South Africa: Political Violence, Reform and Reconstruction', Review of African Political Economy, No.53 (1992), pp.43-59; Mary de Haas, 'Ethnic Mobilisation', op. cit., pp.47-52; Grant Farred, 'Unity and Difference in Black South Africa', Social Text, No.31/32 (1992), pp.217-34.
38. See, for example, Rupert Taylor, 'The Myth of Ethnic Division: Township Conflict on the Reef', Race & Class, Vol.33, No.2 (1991), pp.1-15; Mike Morris and Doug Hindson, 'South Africa: Political Violence, Reform and Reconstruction', Review of African Political Economy, No.53 (1992), pp.43-59; Mary de Haas, 'Ethnic Mobilisation', op. cit., pp.47-52; Grant Farred, 'Unity and Difference in Black South Africa', Social Text, No.31/32 (1992), pp.217-34.
39. Ronald Aronson, 'South Africa as Apartheid Unwinds', Socialist Review, Vol.72, No.2. (1992), p.109.
40. Rupert Taylor, 'The Myth of Ethnic Division', op. cit., p. 12.
41. Mark Simpson, 'Nation-Building: A Post-Apartheid Super Glue?', Indicator South Africa, Vol. 10, No.3 (1993), p. 19.
42. Hanf et al., op. cit., pp.367-81.
43. Heribert Adam, 'Transition to Democracy: South Africa and Eastern Europe', Telos, No.85 (1990), p.34.
44. Kogila Moodley, 'The Legitimation Crisis of the South African State', The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol.24, No.2 (1986), p. 194.
45. de Haas, op. cit., p.52.
46. This shift will be discussed in more detail towards the end of the article.
47. Aronson, op. cit., p. 106.
48. Horowitz, op. cit., p. 116.
49. Nolutshugu, op. cit., p.31.
50. Heribert Adam and Kogila Moodley, The Opening of the Apartheid Mind (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1993), p.40.
51. Simpson, op. cit., p.18.
52. See Johannes Rantete and Hermann Giloimee, 'Transition to Democracy Through Transaction? Bilateral Negotiations Between the ANC and the National Party in South Africa', African Affairs, No.91 (1992), pp.515-42.
53. Hennie Kotze, 'Attitudes in Transition: Towards an Elite Settlement', Indicator South Africa, Vol.10, No.2 (1993), p.11.
54. Rob Nixon, 'The Collapse of the Communist-Anticommunist Condominium: The Repercussions for South Africa', Social Text, No.31/32 (1992), p.235.
55. Stanley B. Greenberg, Legitimating the Illegitimate: States, Markers, and Resistance in South Africa (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1987), p. 143.
56. Ibid.
57. Ibid., p.145.
58. See Robert Fine, 'Civil Society Theory and the Politics of Transition in South Africa', Review of African Political Economy, Vol.55 (1992), pp.71-83.