The synoptic- and planetary-scale signatures of precipitating systems over the mackenzie river basin

Atmosphere - Ocean

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 647-674

  Lackmann, Gary M ^a   Gyakum, John R ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030367318     PISSN: 07055900     EISSN: 14809214     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07055900.1996.9649581     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Bjornsson, H., L A. Mysak and R.D. Brown. 1995. On the intcrannual variability of precipitation and runoff in the Mackenzie drainage basin. Clim. Dyn. 12: 67-76.
2. Bluestein, H.B 1992. Principles of Kinematics and Dynamics. Synoptic-Dynamic Meteorology in Midlatitudes. Vol. 1, Oxford University Press, 431 pp.
3. Chahine, M.T. 1992. GEWEX: The Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment. Trans. Am. Geo-phys. Union, 73: 9-14.
4. Durran, D.R. and LW Snellman. 1987. The diagnosis of synoptic-scale vertical motion in an operational environment. Weather Forecast. 2: 17-31.
5. Goodison, B.E. 1978. Accuracy of Canadian snow gage measurements. J. Appl. Meteorol. 17: 1542-1548.
6. Groisman, P.Y. and D.R. Easterling. 1994. Variability and trends of total precipitation and snowfall over the United States and Canada. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 7: 184-205.
7. Holton, J R. 1992. An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology. 3d. ed. Academic Press, 511 pp.
8. Hoskins, B.J., I. Draghici and H.C. Davies 1978. A new look at the u-equation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 104: 31-38.
9. Hoskins, B.J., I. Draghici and H.C. Davies, M.A. Pedder. 1980. The diagnosis of middle latitude synoptic development. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 106: 707-719.
10. Hoskins, B.J., I. Draghici and H.C. Davies, M.A. Pedder, M.E. Mcintyre and A.W. Robertson. 1985. On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 3: 877-946.
11. Hovmoller, E. 1949. The trough-and-ridge diagram. Tellus, 1: 62-66.
12. Johannessen, K.R. and G.P. Cressman. 1952. Verification of an equation for trough and ridge motion. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 33: 267-270.
13. Knox, J.L. and R.G. Lawford. 1990. The relationship between Canadian Prairie dry and wet months and circulation anomalies in the midtroposphere. ATMOSPHERE OCEAN, 28: 189-215.
14. Koch, S.E., M. Desjardins and P.J Kocin. 1983. An interactive Barnes objective map analysis scheme for use with satellite and conventional data. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 22: 1487-1503.
15. Lackmann, G.M., L.F. Bosart and D Keyser. 1996. The synoptic-and planetary-scale environment for explosive wintertime cyclogcnesis over the western North Atlantic Ocean. Mon. Weather. Rev. 124
16. Lawford, R. 1994. Knowns and unknowns in the hydroclimatology in the Mackenzie River Basin. Cohen, S.J., (Ed.). Mackenzie Basin Impact Study, Environment Canada, pp. 173-195.
17. Mass, C.F., H J Edmon, H.J. Friedman, N.R. Cheney and E.E. Recker. 1987. The use of compact discs for the storage of large meteorological and oceanographic data sets. Bull. Am. Mete-orol. Soc. 68: 1556-1558.
18. Orlanski, I. and J. Katzff. 1991. The life cycle of a cyclone wave in the Southern Hemisphere. Part 1: Eddy energy budget, J. Atmos. Sci. 48: 1972-1998.
19. Panofsky, H.A. and G.W. Brier. 1968. Some Applications of Statistics to Meteorology. The Pennsylvania State University, 224 pp.
20. Rossby, C.-G. 1945. On the propagation of frequencies and energy in certain types of occanic and atmospheric waves .J. Meleorol. 2: 187-204.
21. Serreze, M.C. 1995. Climatological aspects of cyclone development and decay in the arctic. ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN, 33: 1-23.
22. Smith, B.B. and S.L. Mullen. 1991. An analysis of sea-level cyclone errors in NMC's nested grid and global spectral models. Preprints, First International Symposium on Winter Storms, New Orleans, LA, pp. 298-301.
23. Trenberth, K.E. and C.J. Guillemot. 1995. Evaluation of the global atmospheric moisture budget as seen from analyses. J. Clim. 8: 2255-2272.
24. Walsh, J.E., X. Zhou, D. Portis and M.C. Serreze. 1994. Atmospheric contribution to hydrologie variations in the arctic, atmosphere-ocean, 32: 733-755.
25. Wallace, J.M. and D.S. Gutzler. 1981. Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon. Weather. Rev. 109: 784-812.
26. Whittaker, I.M. and L.H. Horn. 1984. Northern Hemisphere extratropical cyclone activity for four mid-season months. J. Climatol. 4: 297-310.
27. Woo, M., R. Heron, P. Marsh and P. Steer. 1983 Comparison of weather station snowfall with winter snow accumulation in high arctic basins. ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN, 21: 312-325.