The skin immune system in the course of HIV-1 infection

Photochemistry and Photobiology

Volumn 64, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 275-279

  Henry, Michael ^a   Tschachler, Erwin ^a  

^a Universitatsklinik fur Dermatologie   (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1;

EID: 0030220428     PISSN: 00318655     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb02458.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (42)

1. Coldiron, B. M. and P. R. Bergstresser (1989) Prevalence and clinical spectrum of skin disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Arch. Dermatol. 125, 357-361.
2. Penneys, N. S. (1995) Skin Manifestations of AIDS. Martin Dunitz Ltd., London, UK.
3. Stingl, G. and C. Hauser (1995) The skin immune response. In Photoimmunology (Edited by J. Krutmann and C. A. Elmets), pp. 3-18. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
4. Bos, J. D., P. K. Das and M. L. Kapsenberg (1990) The skin immune system (SIS). In Skin Immune System (SIS) (Edited by Jan D. Bos), pp. 3-8. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.
5. Streilein, J. W. (1983) Skin-associated lymphoid tissues (SALT) origins and functions. J. Invest. Dermatol. 12S-16S.
6. Schuler, G. and R. M. Steinman (1985) Murine epidermal Langerhans cells mature into potent immunostimulatory dendritic cells in vitro. J. Exp. Med. 161, 526-546.
7. Inaba, K., G. Schuler, M. D. Witmer, J. Valinksy, B. Atassi and R. M. Steinman (1986) Immunologic properties of purified epidermal Langerhans cells. Distinct requirements for stimulation of unprimed and sensitized T lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 164, 605-613.
8. Silberberg-Sinakin, I., G. J. Thorbecke, R. L. Baer, S. A. Rosenthal and V. Berezowsky (1976) Antigen-bearing Langerhans cells in skin, dermal lymphatics and in lymph nodes. Cell Immunol. 25, 137-151.
9. Kripke, M. L., C. G. Munn, A. Jeevan, J. M. Tang and C. Bucana (1990) Evidence that cutaneous antigen-presenting cells migrate to regional lymph nodes during contact sensitization. J. Immunol. 145, 2833-2838.
10. Teunissen, M. B. (1992) Dynamic nature and function of epidermal Langerhans cells in vivo and in vitro: a review, with emphasis on human Langerhans cells. Histochem. J. 24, 697-716.
11. Picker, L. J., J. R. Treer, B. Ferguson-Darnell, P. A. Collins, D. Buck and L. W. Terstappen (1993) Control of lymphocyte recirculation in man. I. Differential regulation of the peripheral lymph node homing receptor L-selection on T cells during the virgin to memory cell transition. J. Immunol. 150, 1105-1121.
12. Shimizu, Y., S. Shaw, N. Graber, T. V. Gopal, K. J. Horgan, G. A. van Seventer and W. Newman (1991) Activation-independent binding of human memory T cells to adhesion molecule ELAM-1. Nature 349, 799-802.
13. Picker, L. J., T. K. Kishimoto, C. W. Smith, R. A. Warnock and E. C. Butcher (1991) ELAM-1 is an adhesion molecule for skin-homing T cells. Nature 349, 796-799.
14. Fauci, A. S., S. M. Schnittman, G. Poli, S. Koenig and G. Pantaleo (1991) NIH conference. Immunopathogenic mechanisms in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Ann. Intern. Med. 114, 678-693.
15. Gordin, F. M., P. M. Hartigan, N. G. Klilmas, S. B. Zolla-Pazner, M. S. Simberkoff and J. D. Hamilton (1994) Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin tests are an independent predictor of human immunodeficiency virus disease progression. J. Infect. Dis. 169, 893-897.
16. Bos, J. D. and M. L. Kapsenberg (1990) Lymphocyte subpopulations of the skin immune system. In Skin Immune System (SIS) (Edited by Jan D. Bos), pp. 89-108. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.
17. Helbert, M. R., J. L. Stehr and N. A. Mitchison (1993) Antigen presentation, loss of immunological memory and AIDS. Immunol. Today 14, 340-344.
18. van Noesel, C. J. M., R. A. Gruters, F. G. Terpstra, P. T. A. Schellekens, R. A. W. van Lier and F. Miedema (1990) Functional and phenotypic evidence for a selective loss of memory T cells in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected men. J. Clin. Invest. 86, 293-299.
19. Clerici, M., N. I. Stocks, R. A. Zajac, R. N. Boswell, D. R. Lucey, C. S. Via and G. M. Shearer (1989) Detection of three distinct patterns of T helper cell dysfunction in asymptomatic, human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients - independence of CD4+ cell numbers and clinical staging. J. Clin. Invest. 84, 1892-1899.
20. Belsito, D. V., M. R. Sanchez, R. L. Baer, F. Valentine and G. J. Thorbecke (1984) Reduced Langerhans' cell Ia antigen and ATPase activity in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 310, 1279-1282.
21. Kanitakis, J., C. Marchand, H. Su, J. Thivolet, G. Zambruno, D. Schmitt and L. Gazzolo (1989) Immunohistochemical study of normal skin of HIV-1-infected patients shows no evidence of infection of epidermal Langerhans cells by HIV. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 5. 293-302.
22. Kalter, C. D., J. J. Greenhouse, J. M. Orenstein, S. M. Schnittman, H. E. Gendelman and M. S. Meltzer (1991) Epidermal Langerhans cells are not principal reservoirs of virus in HIV disease. J. Immunol. 146, 3396-3404.
23. Blauvelt, A., M. Clerici, D. R. Lucey, S. M. Steinberg, R. Yarchoan, R. Walker, G. M. Shearer and S. I. Katz (1995) Functional studies of epidermal Langerhans cells and blood monocytes in HIV-infected persons. J. Immunol. 154, 3506-3515.
24. Tschachler, E., V. Groh, M. Popovic, D. L. Mann, K. Konrad, B. Safai, L. Eron, F. diMarzo Veronese, K. Wolff and G. Stingl (1987) Epidermal Langerhans cells - a target for HTLV-III/LAV infection. J. Invest. Dermatol. 88, 233-237.
25. Rappersberger, K., S. Gartner, P. Schenk, G. Stingl, V. Groh, E. Tschachler, D. L. Mann, K. Wolff, K. Konrad and M. Popovic (1988) Langerhans' cells are an actual site of HIV-1 replication, Intervirology 29, 185-194.
26. Zambruno, G., L. Mori, A. Marconi, N. Mongiardo, B. D. Rienzo, U. Bertazzoni and A. Giannetti (1991) Detection of HIV-1 in epidermal Langerhans cells of HIV-infected patients using the polymerase chain reaction. J. Invest. Dermatol. 6, 979-982.
27. Giannetti, A., G. Zambruno, A. Cimarelli, A. Marconi, M. Negroni, G. Girolomoni and U. Bertazzoni (1993) Direct detection of HIV-1 RNA in epidermal Langerhans cells of HIV-infected patients. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. 6, 329-333.
28. Henry, M., A. Uthman, C. Ballaun, G. Stingl and E. Tschachler (1994) Epidermal Langerhans cells of AIDS patients express HIV-1 regulatory and structural genes. J. Invest. Dermatol. 103, 593-596.
29. Cimarelli, A., G. Zambruno, A. Marconi, G. Girolomoni, U. Bertazzoni and A. Giannetti (1994) Quantitation by competitive PCR of HTV-1 proviral DNA in epidermal Langerhans cells of HIV-infected patients. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 7, 230-235.
30. Meyaard, L., H. Schuitemaker and F. Miedema (1993) T-cell dysfunction in HIV infection: anergy due to defective antigen-presenting cell function? Immunol. Today 4, 161-164.
31. Eales, L. J., J. Farrant, M. Helbert and A. J. Pinching (1988) Peripheral blood dendritic cells in persons with AIDS and AIDS related complex: loss of high intensity class II antigen expression and function. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 71, 423-427.
32. Knight, S. C. (1995) Infection of dendritic cells with HIV-1. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 10, 1591-1592.
33. Knight, S. C., S. E. Macatonia and S. Patterson (1993) Infection of dendritic cells with HIV-1: virus load regulates stimulation and suppression of T-cell activity. Res. Virol. 144, 75-80.
34. Levy, J. A. (1993) Pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Microbiol. Rev. 57, 183-289.
35. Pope, M., M. G. Betjes, N. Romani, H. Hirmand, P. U. Cameron, L. Hoffman, S. Gezelter, G. Schuler and R. M. Steinman (1994) Conjugates of dendritic cells and memory T lymphocytes from skin facilitate productive infection with HIV-1. Cell 78, 389-398.
36. Kanitakis, J., S. Escaich, C. Trepo and J. Thivolet (1991) Detection of human immunodeficiency virus-DNA and RNA in the skin of HIV-infected patients using the polymerase chain reaction. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1, 91-96.
37. Sala, M., G. Zambruno, J. Vartanian, A. Marconi, U. Bertazzoni and S. Wain-Hobson (1994) Spatial discontinuities in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 quasispecies derived from epidermal Langerhans cells of a patient with AIDS and evidence for double infection. J. Virol. 8, 5280-5283.
38. Weissman, D., G. Poli and A. S. Fauci (1995) IL-10 synergizes with multiple cytokines in enhancing HIV production in cells of monocytic lineage. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. 9(5), 442-449.
39. Lehner, T., L. Hussain, J. Wilson and M. Chapman (1991) Mucosal transmission of HIV. Nature 353, 709
40. Miller, C. J., N. J. Alexander, P. Vogel, J. Anderson and P. A. Marx (1992) Mechanism of genital transmission of SIV: a hypothesis based on transmission studies and the location of SIV in the genital tract of chronically infected female rhesus macaques. J. Med. Primatol. 21, 64-68.
41. Ramirez, L. E., B. Renjifo, M. F. McLane, R. Marlink, C. O'Hara, R. Sutthent, C. Wasi, P. Vithayasai, V. Vithayasai, C. Apichartpiyakul, P. Auewarakul, V. P. Cruz, D. Chui, R. Osathanondh, K. Mayer, T. Lee and M. Essex (1996) HIV-1 Langerhans' cell tropism associated with heterosexual transmission of HIV. Science 271, 1291-1293.
42. Weniger, B. G., Y. Takebe, C. Ou and S. Yamazaki (1994) The molecular epidemiology of HIV in Asia. AIDS 8, S13-S28.