Ras induces anchorage-independent growth by subverting multiple adhesion-regulated cell cycle events

Molecular and Cellular Biology

Volumn 16, Issue 7, 1996, Pages 3370-3380

  Kang, Jong Sun ^a   Krauss, Robert S ^a  

^a MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYCLINE; RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN;

ARTICLE; CELL ADHESION; CELL GROWTH; CELL MUTANT; CELL PROLIFERATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; FIBROBLAST; GENE EXPRESSION; ONCOGENE; ONCOGENE RAS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

3T3 CELLS; ANIMALS; CELL ADHESION; CELL CYCLE; CELL DIVISION; CELL LINE; CLONE CELLS; CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES; CYCLINS; FLOW CYTOMETRY; GENES, RAS; HUMANS; KINETICS; MICE; MUTAGENESIS; PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS P21(RAS); RATS; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN;

EID: 0029951444     PISSN: 02707306     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/MCB.16.7.3370     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Assoian, R. K., L. A. Boardman, and S. Drosinos. 1989. A preparative suspension culture system permitting quantitation of anchorage-independent growth by direct radiolabeling of cellular DNA. Anal. Biochem. 177:95-99.
2. 1. Genes Dev. 7:812-821.
3. Barbacid, M. 1987. ras genes. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 56:779-827.
4. Barrett, J. F., B. C. Lewis, A. T. Hoang, R. J. Alvarez, Jr., and C. V. Dong. 1995. Cyclin A links c-myc to adhesion-independent cell proliferation. J. Biol. Chem. 270:15923-15925.
5. Benecke, B.-J., A. Ben-Ze'ev, and S. Penman. 1978. The control of mRNA production, translation and turnover in suspended and reattached anchor-age-dependent fibroblasts. Cell 14:931-939.
6. Boguski, M. S., and F. McCormick. 1993. Proteins regulating Ras and its relatives. Nature (London) 364:643-654.
7. Bohmer, R.-M., E. Scharf, and R. K. Assoian. 1996. Cytoskeletal integrity is required throughout the mitogen stimulation phase of the cell cycle and mediates the anchorage-dependent expression of cyclin Dl. Mol. Biol. Cell 7:101-111.
8. Chen, Q., M. S. Kinch, T. H. Lin, K. Burridge, and R. L. Juliano. 1994. Integrin-mediated cell adhesion activates mitogen-activated protein kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 269:26602-26605.
9. Clark, E. A., and J. S. Brugge. 1995. Integrins and signal transduction pathways: the road taken. Science 248:233-239.
10. Colburn, N. H., W. F. Vorder Bruegge, J. R. Bates, R. H. Gray, J. D. Rossen, W. H. Kelsey, and T. Shimada. 1978. Correlation of anchorage-independent growth with tumorigenicity of chemically transformed mouse epidermal cells. Cancer Res. 38:624-634.
11. Dike, L. E., and S. R. Farmer. 1988. Cell adhesion induces expression of growth-associated genes in suspension-arrested fibroblasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:6792-6796.
12. El-Deiry, W. S., T. Tokino, V. E. Velculescu, D. B. Levy, R. Parsons, J. M. Trent, D. Lin, W. E. Mercer, K. W. Kinzler, and B. Vogelstein. 1993. WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell 75:817-825.
13. Elledge, S. J., R. Richman, F. L. Hall, R. T. Williams, N. Lodgson, and J. W. Harper. 1992. CDK2 encodes a 33-kDa cyclin A-associated protein kinase and is expressed before CDC2 in the cell cycle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:2907-2911.
14. Ewen, M. E., H. K. Sluss, C. J. Sherr, H. Matsushime, J.-Y. Kato, and D. M. Livingston. 1993. Functional interactions of the retinoblastoma protein with mammalian D-type cyclins. Cell 73:487-497.
15. Fang, F., G. Orend, N. Watanabe, T. Hunter, and E. Ruoslahti. 1996. Dependence of cyclin E-Cdk2 kinase activity on cell anchorage. Science 271:499-502.
16. Feinleib, J. L., and R. S. Krauss. Dissociation of ras oncogene-induced gene expression and anchorage-independent growth in a series of somatic cell mutants. Mol. Carcinog., in press.
17. Freedman, V. H., and S.-I. Shin. 1974. Cellular tumorigenicity in nude mice: correlation with cell growth in semi-solid medium. Cell 3:355-359.
18. Girard, F., U. Strausfeld, A. Fernandez, and N. J. C. Lamb. 1991. Cyclin A is required for the onset of DMA replication in mammalian fibroblasts. Cell 67:1169-1179.
19. Guadagno, S. N., C. Borner, and I. B. Weinstein. 1992. Altered regulation of a major substrate of protein kinase C in rat 6 fibroblasts overproducing PKCβ1. J. Biol. Chem. 267:2697-2707.
20. Guadagno, T. M., and R. K. Assoian. 1991. G1/S control of anchorage-independent growth in the fibroblast cell cycle. J. Cell Biol. 115:1419-1425.
21. Guadagno, T. M., M. Ohtsubo, J. M. Roberts, and R. K. Assoian. 1993. A link between cyclin A expression and adhesion-dependent cell cycle progression. Science 262:1572-1575.
22. Guan, J.-L., and D. Shalloway. 1992. Regulation of focal adhesion-associated protein tyrosine kinase by both cellular adhesion and oncogenic transformation. Nature (London) 358:690-692.
23. Han, E. K.-H., T. M. Guadagno, S. L. Dalton, and R. K. Assoian. 1993. A cell cycle and mutational analysis of anchorage-independent growth: cell adhesion and TGF-β1 control G1/S transit specifically. J. Cell Biol. 122:461-471.
24. Harper, J. W., G. R. Adami, N. Wei, K. Keyomarsi, and S. J. Elledge. 1993. The p21 cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell 75:805-816.
25. 1 cyclins in the functional inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein. Genes Dev. 8:1759-1771.
26. Heichman, K. A., and J. M. Roberts. 1994. Rules to replicate by. Cell 79:557-562.
27. Hunter, T., and J. Pines. 1994. Cyclins and cancer: cyclin D and CDK inhibitors come of age. Cell 79:573-582.
28. Jiang, W., S. M. Kahn, P. Zhou, V.-J. Zhang, A. M. Cacace, A. S. Infante, S. Doi, R. M. Santella, and I. B. Weinstein. 1993. Overexpression of cyclin D1 in rat fibroblasts causes abnormalities in growth control, cell cycle progression and gene expression. Oncogene 8:3447-3457.
29. Kang, J.-S., and R. S. Krauss. Unpublished data.
30. Karn, J., E. M. Johnson, G. Vidali, and V. G. Allfrey. 1974. Differential phosphorylation and turnover of nuclear acidic proteins during the cell cycle of synchronized HeLa cells. J. Biol. Chem. 249:667-677.
31. Kato, J.-Y., H. Matsushime, S. W. Hiebert, M. E. Ewen, and C. J. Sherr. 1993. Direct binding of cyclin D to the retinoblastoma gene product and pRb phosphorylation by the cyclin D-dependent kinase, cdk4. Genes Dev. 7:331-342.
32. Krauss, R. S., S. N. Guadagno, and I. B. Weinstein. 1992. Novel revenants of H-ras oncogene-transformed R6-PKC3 cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:3117-3129.
33. Krauss, R. S., and I. B. Weinstein. 1991. A novel, plasmid-based system for studying gene rearrangements in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:3915-3924.
34. Kume, K., S. Jinno, H. Miwatani, S. Kizaka-Kondoh, Y. Terada, H. Nojima, and H. Okayama. 1992. Oncogenic signal-induced ability to enter S phase in the absence of anchorage is the mechanism for the growth of transformed NRK cells in soft agar. New Biol. 4:504-511.
35. Lew, D. J., V. Dulic, and S. I. Reed. 1991. Isolation of three novel human cyclins by rescue of G1 cyclin (Cln) function in yeast. Cell 66:1197-1206.
36. 1 progression in NIH 3T3 cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:3654-3663.
37. Lowy, D. R., and B. M. Willumsen. 1993. Function and regulation of ras. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 62:851-891.
38. Ludlow, J. W., J. A. DeCaprio, C.-M. Huang, W.-H. Lee, E. Paucha, and D. M. Livingston. 1989. SV40 large T antigen binds preferentially to an underphosphorylated member of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product family. Cell 56:57-65.
39. 1 control of retinoblastoma gene-deficient cells independently of cdk4 activity. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:2600-2611.
40. Lukas, J., H. Muller, J. Bartkova, D. Spitkovsky, A. A. Kjerulff, P. Jansen-Durr, M. Strauss, and J. Bartek. 1994. DNA tumor virus oncoproteins and retinoblastoma gene mutations share the ability to relieve the cell's requirement for cyclin D1 function in G1. J. Cell Biol. 125:625-638.
41. MacPherson, I. A., and L. Montagnier. 1964. Agar suspension culture for the selective assay of cells transformed by polyoma virus. Virology 23:291-294.
42. Mann, R., R. C. Mulligan, and D. Baltimore. 1983. Construction of a retrovirus packaging mutant and its use to produce helper-free defective retrovirus. Cell 33:153-159.
43. Marraccino, R. L., E. J. Firpo, and J. M. Roberts. 1992. Activation of the p34 CDC2 protein kinase at the start of S phase in the human cell cycle. Mol. Biol. Cell 3:389-401.
44. 1 kinase activity for cdk6, a novel cyclin D partner. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:2077-2086.
45. Morganstern, J. P., and H. Land. 1990. Advanced mammalian gene transfer: high titer retroviral vectors with multiple drug selection markers and a complementary helper-free packaging cell line. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:3587-3596.
46. 1 in mammalian fibroblasts. Science 259:1908-1912.
47. 1-to-S phase transition. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:2612-2624.
48. Otsuka, H., and M. Moskowitz. 1975. Arrest of 3T3 cells in G1 phase in suspension culture. J. Cell. Physiol. 87:213-220.
49. Pagano, M., R. Pepperkok, J. Lukas, V. Baldin, W. Ansorge, J. Bartek, and G. Draetta. 1993. Regulation of the cell cycle by the cdk2 protein kinase in cultured human fibroblasts. J. Cell Biol. 121:101-111.
50. Pagano, M., R. Pepperkok, F. Verde, W. Ansorge, and G. Draetta. 1992. Cyclin A is required at two points in the human cell cycle. EMBO J. 11:961-971.
51. 1 events and regulation of cell proliferation. Science 246:603-608.
52. Kip1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and a potential mediator of extracellular antimitogenic signals. Cell 78:59-66.
53. 1 phase in rodent fibroblasts. Genes Dev. 7:1559-1571.
54. 1/S phase transition by expression of cyclins D1 and E with an inducible system. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1669-1679.
55. Kip1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:4347-4352.
56. 1-to-S transition. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:3463-3469.
57. Rosenberg, A. R., F. Zindy, F. Le Deist, H. Mouly, P. Metezeau, C. Brechot, and E. Lamas. 1995. Overexpression of human cyclin A advances entry into S phase. Oncogene 10:1501-1509.
58. 2 phases of the cell cycle and associates with cyclin A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:2824-2828.
59. cdc2 kinase by cyclin A. J. Cell Biol. 113:507-514.
60. Schlaepfer, D. D., S. K. Hanks, T. Hunter, and P. van der Geer. 1994. Integrin-mediated signal transduction linked to Ras pathway by GRB2 binding to focal adhesion kinase. Nature (London) 372:786-791.
61. Schwartz, M. A., and D. E. Ingber. 1994. Integrating with integrins. Mol. Biol. Cell 5:389-393.
62. Schwartz, M. A., E. E. Rupp, J. V. Frangioni, and C. P. Lechene. 1990. Cytoplasmic pH and anchorage-independent growth induced by v-Ki-ras, v-src or polyoma middle T. Oncogene 5:55-58.
63. Sherr, C. J. 1994. G1 phase progression: cycling on cue. Cell 79:551-555.
64. M. Shin, S.-I., V. H. Freedman, R. Risser, and R. Pollack. 1975. Tumorigenicity of virus-transformed cells in nude mice is correlated specifically with anchor-age independent growth m vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:4435-4439.
65. Spitkovsky, D., P. Steiner, J. Lukas, E. Lees, M. Pagano, A. Schulze, S. Joswig, D. Picard, M. Tommasino, M. Eilers, and P. Jansen-Durr. 1994. Modulation of cyclin gene expression by adenovirus EtA in a cell line with E1A-dependent conditional proliferation. J. Virol. 68:2206-2214.
66. Stoker, M., C. O'Neill, S. Berryman, and V. Waxman. 1968. Anchorage and growth regulation in normal and virus-transformed cells. Int. J Cancer 3:683-693.
67. Toyoshima, H., and T. Hunter. 1994. p27, a novel inhibitor of G1 cyclin-cdk protein kinase activity, is related to p21. Cell 78:67-74.
68. Tsai, L.-H., E. Lees, B. Faha, E. Harlow, and K. Riabwol. 1993. The cdk2 kinase is required for the G1-to-S transition in mammalian cells Oncogene 8:1593-1602.
69. Vuori, K., and E. Ruoslahti. 1994. Association of insulin receptor substrate-1 with integrins. Science 266:1576-1578.
70. Watson, P. A., H. H. Hanauske-Abel, A. Flint, and M. Lalande. 1991. Mimosine reversibly arrests cell cycle progression at the G1-S phase border. Cytometry 12:242-246.
71. Weinberg, R. A. 1995. The retinoblastoma protein and cell cycle control. Cell 81:323-330.
72. White, M. A., C. Nicolette, A. Minden, A. Polverino, L. Van Aelst, M. Karin, and M. Wigler. 1995. Multiple ras functions can contribute to mammalian cell transformation. Cell 80:533-541.
73. Xiong, Y., G. J. Hannon, H. Zhang, D. Casso, R. Kobayashi, and D. Beach. 1993. p21 is a universal inhibitor of cyclin kinases. Nature (London) 366:701-704.
74. Yamada, K. M., and S. Miyamoto. 1995. Integrin transmembrane signaling and cytoskeletal control. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 7:681-689.
75. Yang, J.-J., J.-S. Rang, and R. S. Krauss. 1995. Transformation restoring factor: a low molecular weight secreted factor required for anchorage-independent growth of oncogene-resistant mutant cell lines. Oncogene 10:1291-1299.
76. Yang, J.-J., and R. S. Krauss. Unpublished data.
77. Zhu, X., and R. K. Assoian. 1995. Integrin-dependent activation of MAP kinase: a link to shape-dependent cell proliferation. Mol. Biol. Cell 6:273-282.
78. Zindy, F., E. Lamas, X. Chenivesse, J. Sobczak, J. Wang, D. Fesquet, B. Henglein, and C. Brechot. 1992. Cyclin A is required in S phase in normal epithelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 182:1144-1154.