Beta-carotene, carotenoids, and disease prevention in humans

FASEB Journal

Volumn 10, Issue 7, 1996, Pages 690-701

  Mayne, Susan Taylor ^a,b  

^a YALE CANCER CENTER   (United States)

^b Dept of Epidemiol and Pub Health ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

cancer prevention; cardiovascular disease

Indexed keywords

ALPHA CAROTENE; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ASCORBIC ACID; BETA CAROTENE; CANTHAXANTHIN; CAROTENOID; RETINOL;

BREAST CANCER; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER PREVENTION; CANCER RISK; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CATARACT; CLINICAL TRIAL; COLON CANCER; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DYSPLASIA; ESOPHAGUS CANCER; FRUIT; HUMAN; LARYNX CANCER; LEUKOPLAKIA; LUNG CANCER; MOUTH CANCER; NONHUMAN; PHARYNX CANCER; PHOTOSENSITIVITY DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; RECTUM CANCER; RETINA MACULA DEGENERATION; REVIEW; SKIN CANCER; SMOKING; STOMACH CANCER; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER; VEGETABLE;

EID: 0029945201     PISSN: 08926638     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.10.7.8635686     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Isler, O. (1981) Foreword. In Carotenoids as Colorants and Vitamin A Precursors (Bauernfeind, J. C., ed) p. xiii, Academic Press, New York
2. Dragsted, L. O., Strube, M., and Larsen, J. C. (1993) Cancel protective factors in fruits and vegetables: biochemical and biological background. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 72 (Suppl.) s116-s135
3. Mangels, A. R., Holden, J. M., Beecher, G. R., Forman, M. R., and Lanza, E. (1993) Carotenoid content of fruits and vegetables: an evaluation of analytic data. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 93, 284-296
4. Campbell, D. R., Gross, M. D., Martini, M. C., Grandits, G. A., Slavin, J. L., and Potter, J. D. (1994) Plasma carotenoids as biomarkers of vegetable and fruit intake. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers & Prev. 3, 493-500
5. Freedman, L. S. and Schatzkin, A. (1992) Sample size for studying intermediate endpoints within intervention trials or observational studies. Am. J. Epidemiol. 136, 1148-1159
6. Block, G., Patterson, B., and Subar, A. (1992) Fruit, vegetables, and cancer prevention: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutr. Cancer 18, 1-29
7. Ziegler, R. G., Mayne, S. T., and Swanson, C. A. (1996) Nutrition and lung cancer. Cancer Causes & Control 7, 157-177
8. Alavanja, M. C. R., Brown, C. C., Swanson, C., and Brownson, R. C. (1993) Saturated fat intake and lung cancer risk among nonsmoking women in Missouri. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 85, 1906-1916
9. Mayne, S. T., Janerich, D. T., Greenwald, P., Chorost, S., Tucci, C., Zaman, M. B., Melamed, M. R., Kiely, M., and McKneally, M. F. (1994) Dietary beta carotene and lung cancer risk in U.S. nonsmokers. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 86, 33-38
10. Olson, J. A. (1994) Needs and sources of carotenoids and vitamin A. Nutr. Rev. 52, 67-73
11. Micozzi, M. S., Beecher, G. R., Taylor, P. R., and Khachik, F. (1990) Carotenoid analyses of selected raw and cooked foods associated with a lower risk for cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 82, 282-285
12. Khachik, F., Goli, M. B., Beecher, G. R., Holden, J. H., Lusby, W. R., Tenorio, M. D., and Barrera, M. R. (1992) Effect of food preparation on qualitative and quantitative distribution of major carotenoid constituents of tomatoes and several green vegetables. J. Agr. Food Chem. 40, 390-398
13. Le Marchand, L., Hankin, J. H., Kolonel L. N., Beecher, G. R., Wilkens, L. R., and Zhao, L. P. (1993) Intake of specific caratenoids and lung cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers & Prev. 2, 183-187
14. Ziegler, R. G., Colavito, E. A., Hartge, P., McAdams, M. J., Schoenberg, J. B., Mason, T. J., and Fraumeni, J. P., Jr. (1996) The importance of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and other phytochemicals in the etiology of lung cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. In press
15. McLarty, J. W., Holiday, D. B., Girard, W. M., Yanagihara, R. H., Kummet, T. D., and Greenberg, S. D. (1995) Beta-carotene, vitamin A and lung cancer chemoprevention: results of an intermediate endpoint study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 62 (Suppl.), 1431S-1438S
16. Van Poppel, G., Kok, F. J., and Hermus, R. J. (1992) Beta-carotene supplementation in smokers reduces the frequency of micronuclei in sputum. Br. J. Cancer 66, 1164-1168
17. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. (1994) The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N. Engl. J. Med. 330, 1029-1035
18. Pocock, S. J. (1983) Clinical Trials: A Practical Approach. John Wiley & Sons, New York
19. Blot, W. J., Li, J.-Y, Taylor, P. R., and Li, B. (1994) Lung cancer and vitamin supplementation. Letter to the editor, N. Engl. J. Med. 331, 614
20. Mayne, S. T., and Goodwin, W. J., Jr. (1993) Chemoprevention of head and neck cancer. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery 1, 126-132
21. Negri, E., La Vecchia, C., Franceschi, S., and Tavani, A. (1993) Attributable risk for oral cancer in Northern Italy. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers & Prev. 2, 189-193
22. Zheng, W., Blot, W. J., Diamond, E. L., Norkus, E. P., Spate, V., Morris, J. S., and Comstock, G. W. (1993) Serum micronutrients and the subsequent risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Cancer Res. 53, 795-798
23. Mayne, S. T., Zheng, T., Janerich, D. T., Goodwin, W. J., Jr., Fallon, B. G., Cooper, D. L., and Friedman, C. D. (1992) A population-based trial of β-carotene chemoprevention of head and neck cancer. In The Biology and Prevention of Aerodigestive Tract Cancers (Newell, G. R., and Hong, W. K, eds) pp. 119-127, Plenum Press, New York
24. Toma, S., Bonelli, G., Cortesina, G., Gandolfo, G., Mira, E., Sartorie, A., Radaelli De Zinis, L., Vincenti, M., Palumbo, R. (1994) Beta-carotene in head and neck tumors chemoprevention. Presented at the Second International Conference on Antioxidant Vitamins and Beta-carotene in Disease Prevention, Berlin, October, 1994, abstr. P-70
25. Bairati, I., Roy, J., Gelinas, M., Brochet, F., Nabid, A., Tetu, B., Masse, B., and Meyer, F. (1994) Beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol chemoprevention of second primary malignancies in head and neck cancer patients. Presented at the Second International Conference on Antioxidant Vitamins and Beta-carotene in Disease Prevention, Berlin, October, 1994, abstr. P-54
26. Blot, W. J., Li, J.-Y., Taylor, P. R., Guo, W., Dawsey, S., Wang, G.-Q., Yang, C. S., Zheng, S.-F., Gail, M., Li, G.-Y., Yu, Y., Liu, B.-Q., Tangrea, J., Sun, Y.-H., Liu, F., Fraumeni, J. F., Jr., Zhang, Y.-H., and Li, B. (1993) Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China: supplementation with specific vitamin/mineral combinations, cancer incidence, and disease-specific mortality in the general population. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 85, 1483-1491
27. Li, J.-Y., Taylor, P. R., Li, B., Dawsey, S., Wang, G.-Q., Ershow, A. G., Guo, W., Liu, S.-F., Yang, C. S., Shen, Q., Wang, W., Mark, S. D., Zou, X.-N., Greenwald, P., Wu, Y.-P., and Blot, W. J. (1993) Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China: multiple vitamin/mineral supplementation, cancer incidence, and disease-specific mortality among adults with esophageal dysplasia. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 85, 1492-1498
28. Greenberg, E. R., Baron, J. A., Tosteson, T. D., Freeman, D.H., Jr., Beck, G. J., Bond, J. H., Colacchio, T. A., Coller, J. A., Frankl, H. D., Haile, R. W., Mandel, J. S., Nierenberg, D. W., Rothstein, R., Snover, D. C., Stevens, M. M., Summers, R. W., Van Stolk, R. U., and the Polyp Prevention Study Group. (1994) A clinical trial of antioxidant vitamins to prevent colorectal adenoma. N. Engl. Med. 331, 141-147
29. Kikendall, J. W., Mobarhan, S., Nelson, R., Burgess, M. and Bowen, P. E. (1991) Oral beta carotene does not reduce the recurrence of colorectal adenomas. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 36, 1356 (abstr.)
30. Ingram, D. (1994) Diet and subsequent survival in women with breast cancer. Br. J. Cancer 69, 592-595
31. Jain, M., Miller, A. B., and To, T. (1994) Premorbid diet and the prognosis of women with breast cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 86, 1390-1397
32. Mayne, S. T., Graham, S., and Zheng, T. (1991) Dietary retinol: Prevention or promotion of carcinogenesis in humans? Cancer Causes and Control 2, 443-450
33. Giovannucci, E., Ascherio, A., Rimin, E. B., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., and Willett, W. C. (1995) Intake of carotenoids and retinol in relation to risk of prostate cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 87, 1767-1776
34. Batieha, A. M., Armenian, H. K., Norkus, E. P., Morris, J. S., Spate, V. E., and Comstock, G. W. (1993) Serum micronutrients and the subsequent risk of cervical cancer in a population-based nested case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers & Prev. 2, 335-339
35. Meyskens, F. L., Jr., and Marietta, A. (1995) Prevention of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 62 (Suppl.), 1417S-1419S
36. DeVet, H. C. W., Knipschild, P. G., Willebrand, D., Schouten, H. J. A., and Sturmans, F. (1991) The effect of beta-carotene on the regression and progression of cervical dysplasia: A clinical experiment. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 44, 273-283
37. Greenberg, E. R., Baron, J. A., Stukel, T. A., Stevens, M. M., Mandel, J. S., Spencer, S. K., Elias, P. M., Lowe, N., Nierenberg, D. W., Bayrd, G., Vance, J. C., Freeman, D. H., Jr., Clendenning, W. E., Kwan, T., and the Skin Cancer Prevention Study Group. (1990) A clinical trial of beta carotene to prevent basal cell and squamous cell cancers of the skin. N. Engl. J. Med. 323, 789-795
38. Olson, J. A. (1996) Benefits and liabilities of vitamin A and carotenoids. J. Nutr. 126 (Suppl.) 1208S-1212S
39. Xu, M. J., Plezia, P. M., Alberts, D. S., Emerson, S. S., Peng, Y. M., Sayers, S. M., Liu, Y., Ritenbaugh, C., and Gensler, H. L. (1992) Reduction in plasma or skin alpha-tocopherol concentration with long-term oral administration of beta-carotene in humans and mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 84, 1559-1565
40. Mobarhan, S., Shiau, A., Grande, A., Kolli, S., Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M., Oldham, T., Liao, Y., Bowen, P., Dyavanapalli, M., Kazi, N., McNeal, K., and Frommel, T. (1994) β-Carotene supplementation results in an increased serum and colonic mucosal concentration of β-carotene and a decrease in alpha-tocopherol concentration in patients with colonic neoplasia. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers & Prev. 3, 501-505
41. Nierenberg, D. W., Stukel, T. A., Mott, L. A., and Greenberg, E. R. (1994) Steady-state serum concentration of alpha tocopherol not altered by supplementation with oral beta carotene. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 86, 117-120
42. Goodman, G. E., Metch, B. J., and Omenn, G. S. (1994) The effect of long-term beta-carotene and vitamin A administration on serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol. Cancer Epidemiol., Biomarkers Prev. 3, 429-432
43. Micozzi, M. S., Brown, E. D., Edwards, B. K., Bieri, J. G., Taylor, P. R., Khachik, F., Beecher, G. R., and Smith, J. C., Jr. (1992) Plasma carotenoid response to chronic intake of selected foods and beta-carotene supplements in men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 55, 1120-1125
44. Kostic, D., White, W. S., and Olson, J. A. (1995) Intestinal absorption, serum clearance, and interactions between lutein and beta-carotene when administered to human adults in separate or combined oral doses. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 62, 604-610
45. Wahlqvist, M. L., Wattanapenpaiboon, N., Macrae, F. A., Lambert, J. R., MacLennan, R., Hse-Hage, B. H.-H., and Australian Polyp Prevention Project Investigators. (1994) Changes in serum carotenoids in subjects with colorectal adenomas after 24 mo of β-carotene supplementation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 60, 936-943
46. Omenn, G. S., Goodman, G. E., Thornquist, M. D., Rosenstock, L., Barnhart, S., Gylys-Colwell, I., Metch, B., and Lund, B. (1993) The Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) to prevent lung cancer in high-risk populations: pilot study with asbestos-exposed workers. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers & Prev. 2, 389-396
47. Burton, G. W., and Ingold, K. U. (1984) Beta-carotene: an unusual type of lipid antioxidant. Science 224, 569-573
48. Palozza, P., Calviello, G., and Bartoli, G. M. (1995) Prooxidant activity of beta-carotene under 100% oxygen pressure in rat liver microsomes. Free Radical Biol. Med. 19, 887-892
49. Handelman, G. J., Packer, L., and Cross, C. E. (1996) Destruction of tocopherols, carotenoids, and retinol in human plasma by cigarette smoke. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 63, 559-565
50. Mathews-Roth, M. M. (1993) Carotenoids in erythropoietic protoporphyria and other photosensitivity diseases. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 691, 127-138
51. Rousseau, A. (1983) Canthaxanthine deposits in the eye. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 8, 123-124
52. Gaziano, J. M., and Hennekens, C. H. (1993) The role of beta-carotene in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 691, 148-155
53. Gey, K. F., Moser, U. K., Jordan P., Stähelin, H. B., Eichholzer, M., and Lüdin, E. (1993) Increased risk of cardiovascular disease at suboptimal plasma concentrations of essential antioxidants: an epidemiological update with special attention to carotene and vitamin C. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 57 (Suppl.), 787S-797S
54. Rimm, E. R., Stampfer, M. J., Ascherio, A., Giovannucci, E., Colditz, G. A., and Willett, W. C. (1993) Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. N. Engl. J. Med. 328, 1450-1456
55. Morris, D. L., Kritchevsky, S. B., and Davis, C. E. (1994) Serum carotenoids and coronary heart disease: the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial and Follow-up Study. J. Am. Med. Assn. 272, 1439-1441
56. Kardinaal, A. F. M., Kok, F. J., Ringstad, J., Gomez-Aracena, J., Mazaev, V. P., Kohlmeier, L., Martin, B. C., Aro, A., Kark, J. D., Delgado-Rodriguez, M., Riemersma, R. A., van't Veer, P., Huttunen, J. K., and Martin-Moreno, J. M. (1993) Antioxidants in adipose tissue and risk of myocardial infarction: the EURAMIC study. Lancet 342, 1379-1384
57. Gaziano, J. M. (1994) Antioxidant vitamins and coronary artery disease risk. Am. J. Med. 97 (Suppl. 3A), 18s-21s
58. Seddon, J. M., Ajani, U. A., Sperduto, R. D., Hiller, R., Blair, N., Burton, T. C., Farber, M. D., Gragoudos, E. S., Haller, J., Miller, D. T., Yannuzzi, L. A., Willett, W., for the Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. (1994) Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. J. Am. Med. Assn. 272, 1413-1420
59. Taylor, A. (1993) Cataract: relationship between nutrition and oxidation. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 12, 138-146
60. Bone, R. A., Landrum, J. T., Fernandez, L., and Tarsis, S. L. (1988) Analysis of the macular pigment by HPLC: Retinal distribution and age study. Invest. Ophthalmol Vis. Sci. 29, 843-849
61. Handelman, G. J., Dratz, E. A., Reay, C. C., and Van Kujik, F. J. G. M. (1988) Carotenoids in the human macula and whole retina. Invest. Ophthalmol Vis. Sci. 29, 850-855
62. Sperduto, R. D., Hu, T.-S., Milton, R. C., Zhao, J.-L., Everett, D. F., Cheng, Q.-F., Blot, W. J., Bing, L., Taylor, P. R., Jun-Yao, L., Dawsey, S., and Guo, W.-D. (1993) The Linxian cataract studies: Two nutrition intervention studies. Arch. Ophthalmol. 111, 1246-1253
63. Gey, K. F. (1993) Prospects for the prevention of free radical disease, regarding cancer and cardiovascular disease. Br. Med. Bull. 49, 679-699
64. Garewal, H. S., Meyskens, F. L., Jr., Killen, D., Reeves, D., Kiersch, T. A., Elletson, H., Strosberg, A., King, D., and Steinbronn, K. (1990) Response of oral leukoplakia to beta-carotene. J. Clin. Oncol. 8, 1715-1720
65. Garewal, H., Meyskens, F., Katz, R. V., Friedman, S., Morse, D. E., Alberts, D., and Girodias, K. (1995) Beta-carotene produces sustained remissions in oral leukoplakias: results of a 1 year randomized, controlled trial [abstr.]. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 14, 496
66. Toma, S., Benso, S., Albanese, E., Palumbo, R., Cantoni E., Nicolo, G., and Mangiante, P. (1992) Treatment of oral leukoplakia with beta-carotene. Oncology 49, 77-81
67. Stich, H. F., Rosin, M. P., Hornby, A. P., Mathew B., Sankaranarayana, R., and Nair, M. K. (1988) Remission of oral leukoplakias and micronuclei in tobacco/betel quid chewers treated with beta-carotene and with beta-carotene plus vitamin A. Int. J. Cancer 42, 195-199
68. Zaridze, D., Evstifeeva, T., and Boyle, P. (1993) Chemoprevention of oral leukoplakia and chronic esophagitis in an area of high incidence of oral and esophageal cancer. Ann. Epidemiol. 3, 225-234
69. Malaker, K., Anderson, B. A., Beecroft, W. A., and Hudson, D. I. (1991) Management of oral mucosal dysplasia with beta-carotene and retinoic acid: a pilot cross-over study. Cancer Detection Prevention 15, 335-340
70. Kaugars, G. E., Silverman, S., Jr., Lovas, J. G. L., Brandt, R. B., Riley, W. T., Dao, Q., Singh, V., and Gallo, J. (1994) A clinical trial of antioxidant supplements in the treatment of oral leukoplakia. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 78, 462-468