메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 9, 1996, Pages 1087-1100

Assessment of anaesthesia depth

Author keywords

Anesthesia depth; Anesthesia: general; Anesthetics: volatile, intravenous; Complications: awareness; MACs (minimum alveolar concentration); Monitoring: EEG, EMG, esophagus motility, evoked potentials, isolated forearm technique, peripheral nerve stimulation; Neuromuscular blockade

Indexed keywords

ALFENTANIL; ANESTHETIC AGENT; FENTANYL; INHALATION ANESTHETIC AGENT; INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETIC AGENT; OPIATE DERIVATIVE;

EID: 0029904909     PISSN: 00015172     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1996.tb05570.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (74)

References (186)
  • 1
    • 0001275041 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring depth of anesthesia
    • Miller RD, ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone
    • Stanski DR. Monitoring depth of anesthesia. In: Miller RD, ed. Anesthesia, Vol. II. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1994: 1127-1159.
    • (1994) Anesthesia , vol.2 , pp. 1127-1159
    • Stanski, D.R.1
  • 2
    • 0023639325 scopus 로고
    • Anesthesia: A practical or impractical construct?
    • Prys-Roberts C. Anesthesia: A practical or impractical construct? Br J Anaesth 1987: 59: 1341-1345.
    • (1987) Br J Anaesth , vol.59 , pp. 1341-1345
    • Prys-Roberts, C.1
  • 3
    • 0027511854 scopus 로고
    • General anesthetic action: An obsolete notion?
    • Kissin I. General anesthetic action: An obsolete notion? Anesth Analg 1993: 76: 215-18.
    • (1993) Anesth Analg , vol.76 , pp. 215-218
    • Kissin, I.1
  • 5
    • 10244240973 scopus 로고
    • Are our patients listening?
    • American Society of Anesthesiologists
    • Sebel PS. Are our patients listening? ASA Newsletter (American Society of Anesthesiologists) 1994: 58: 7-9.
    • (1994) ASA Newsletter , vol.58 , pp. 7-9
    • Sebel, P.S.1
  • 6
    • 0021325532 scopus 로고
    • Epinephrine enables Pavlovian fear conditioning under anesthesia
    • Weinberger NM, Gold PE, Sternberg DB. Epinephrine enables Pavlovian fear conditioning under anesthesia. Science 1984: 223: 605-607.
    • (1984) Science , vol.223 , pp. 605-607
    • Weinberger, N.M.1    Gold, P.E.2    Sternberg, D.B.3
  • 7
    • 0025147425 scopus 로고
    • Awareness and memory in anesthetized patients
    • Griffith D, Jones JG. Awareness and memory in anesthetized patients. Br J Anaesth 1990: 65: 603-606.
    • (1990) Br J Anaesth , vol.65 , pp. 603-606
    • Griffith, D.1    Jones, J.G.2
  • 8
    • 0027289042 scopus 로고
    • Depth of anesthesia
    • Newton DEF. Depth of anesthesia. Anesthesia 1993. 48: 367-368
    • (1993) Anesthesia , vol.48 , pp. 367-368
    • Newton, D.E.F.1
  • 9
    • 0026451019 scopus 로고
    • Effects of isoflurane and nitrous oxide in subanesthetic concentrations on memory and responsiveness in volunteers
    • Dwyer R, Bennett HL, Eger EI II, Heilbron D. Effects of isoflurane and nitrous oxide in subanesthetic concentrations on memory and responsiveness in volunteers. Anesthesiology 1992: 77: 888-898.
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.77 , pp. 888-898
    • Dwyer, R.1    Bennett, H.L.2    Eger II, E.I.3    Heilbron, D.4
  • 10
    • 0022597659 scopus 로고
    • Hearing and memory in anesthetized patients
    • Jones JG, Konieczko K. Hearing and memory in anesthetized patients. Br Med J 1986: 292: 1291-1293.
    • (1986) Br Med J , vol.292 , pp. 1291-1293
    • Jones, J.G.1    Konieczko, K.2
  • 12
    • 0026570590 scopus 로고
    • Learning and consciousness during general anesthesia
    • Ghoneim MM, Block RI. Learning and consciousness during general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1992: 76: 279-305.
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.76 , pp. 279-305
    • Ghoneim, M.M.1    Block, R.I.2
  • 13
    • 19744365724 scopus 로고
    • Implicit memory: History and current status
    • Schacter DL. Implicit memory: History and current status. J Exp Psych Learn Mem Cogn 1987: 13: 501-518.
    • (1987) J Exp Psych Learn Mem Cogn , vol.13 , pp. 501-518
    • Schacter, D.L.1
  • 14
    • 0022639880 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of memory
    • Squire LR. Mechanisms of memory. Science 1986: 232: 1612-1619.
    • (1986) Science , vol.232 , pp. 1612-1619
    • Squire, L.R.1
  • 15
    • 0000746051 scopus 로고
    • The incidence of conscious awareness in a general population of anesthetized patients
    • Jordening H, Pedersen T. The incidence of conscious awareness in a general population of anesthetized patients. Anesthesiology 1991: 75: A1055
    • (1991) Anesthesiology , vol.75
    • Jordening, H.1    Pedersen, T.2
  • 16
    • 0020696349 scopus 로고
    • Patient awareness during nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane anesthesia
    • Saucier N, Walts LF, Moreland JR. Patient awareness during nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1983: 62: 239-240.
    • (1983) Anesth Analg , vol.62 , pp. 239-240
    • Saucier, N.1    Walts, L.F.2    Moreland, J.R.3
  • 17
    • 10244278422 scopus 로고
    • Awareness during anesthesia: An introduction
    • American Society of Anesthesiologists
    • Sebel PS. Awareness during anesthesia: An introduction. ASA Newsletter (American Society of Anesthesiologists) 1994: 58: 7-9.
    • (1994) ASA Newsletter , vol.58 , pp. 7-9
    • Sebel, P.S.1
  • 18
    • 0017682152 scopus 로고
    • End-tidal halothane concentration for endotracheal intubation
    • Yakaitis RW, Blitt CD, Angiulo JP. End-tidal halothane concentration for endotracheal intubation. Anesthesiology 1977: 47: 386-388.
    • (1977) Anesthesiology , vol.47 , pp. 386-388
    • Yakaitis, R.W.1    Blitt, C.D.2    Angiulo, J.P.3
  • 19
    • 0018413954 scopus 로고
    • End-tidal enflurane concentration for endotracheal intubation
    • Yakaitis RW, Blitt CD, Angiulo JP. End-tidal enflurane concentration for endotracheal intubation. Anesthesiology 1979: 50: 59-61.
    • (1979) Anesthesiology , vol.50 , pp. 59-61
    • Yakaitis, R.W.1    Blitt, C.D.2    Angiulo, J.P.3
  • 20
    • 0014820833 scopus 로고
    • Minimum alveolar concentrations in humans on awakening from methoxyflurane, halothane, ether and fluroxene anesthesia
    • Stoelting RK, Longnecker DE, Eger EI II. Minimum alveolar concentrations in humans on awakening from methoxyflurane, halothane, ether and fluroxene anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1970: 33: 5-9.
    • (1970) Anesthesiology , vol.33 , pp. 5-9
    • Stoelting, R.K.1    Longnecker, D.E.2    Eger II, E.I.3
  • 21
    • 0019468375 scopus 로고
    • Anesthetic doses blocking adrenergic (stress) and cardiovascular responses to incision - MAC bar
    • Roizen MF, Horrigan RW, Frazer BM. Anesthetic doses blocking adrenergic (stress) and cardiovascular responses to incision - MAC bar. Anesthesiology 1981: 54: 390-398
    • (1981) Anesthesiology , vol.54 , pp. 390-398
    • Roizen, M.F.1    Horrigan, R.W.2    Frazer, B.M.3
  • 22
    • 0001275041 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring depth of anesthesia
    • Miller RD, ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone
    • Stanski DR. Monitoring depth of anesthesia. In: Miller RD, ed. Anesthesia. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1990: 1001-1029
    • (1990) Anesthesia , pp. 1001-1029
    • Stanski, D.R.1
  • 23
    • 0020627607 scopus 로고
    • Variable rate infusion of alfentanil as a supplement to nitrous oxide anesthesia for general surgery
    • Ausems ME, Hug CC, de Lange S. Variable rate infusion of alfentanil as a supplement to nitrous oxide anesthesia for general surgery. Anesth Analg 1983: 62: 982-986.
    • (1983) Anesth Analg , vol.62 , pp. 982-986
    • Ausems, M.E.1    Hug, C.C.2    De Lange, S.3
  • 24
    • 0022517712 scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentrations of alfentanil required to supplement nitrous oxide anesthesia for general surgery
    • Ausems ME, Hug CC, Stanski DR, Burm AGL. Plasma concentrations of alfentanil required to supplement nitrous oxide anesthesia for general surgery. Anesthesiology 1986: 65: 362-273.
    • (1986) Anesthesiology , vol.65 , pp. 362-1273
    • Ausems, M.E.1    Hug, C.C.2    Stanski, D.R.3    Burm, A.G.L.4
  • 25
    • 0023913288 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of a computer-assisted infusion vs. intermittent bolus administration of alfentanil as a supplement to nitrous oxide for ower abdominal surgery
    • Ausems ME, Vuyk J, Hug CC, Stanski DR. Comparison of a computer-assisted infusion vs. intermittent bolus administration of alfentanil as a supplement to nitrous oxide for ower abdominal surgery. Anesthesiology 1988: 68: 851-861.
    • (1988) Anesthesiology , vol.68 , pp. 851-861
    • Ausems, M.E.1    Vuyk, J.2    Hug, C.C.3    Stanski, D.R.4
  • 26
    • 0028031804 scopus 로고
    • Anesthetic depth defined using ultiple noxious stimuli during isoflurane/oxygen anesthesia. I. Motor reactions
    • binden AM, Maggiorini M, Petersen-Felix S, Lauber R, homson DA, Minder CE. Anesthetic depth defined using ultiple noxious stimuli during isoflurane/oxygen anesthesia. I. Motor reactions. Anesthesiology 1994: 80: 253-260.
    • (1994) Anesthesiology , vol.80 , pp. 253-260
    • Binden, A.M.1    Maggiorini, M.2    Petersen-Felix, S.3    Lauber, R.4    Homson, D.A.5    Minder, C.E.6
  • 27
    • 10244233320 scopus 로고
    • Learning of relevant information is suppressed by sub-MAC anesthesia. Memory and Awareness in Anaesthesia
    • Rotterdam abstract
    • hortkoff BS, Gonsowski CT, Bennett HL, Levinson B, rankshaw DP, Dutton RC, et al. Learning of relevant information is suppressed by sub-MAC anesthesia. Memory and Awareness in Anaesthesia. Third Int Symposium, Rotterdam 1995: 15 (abstract).
    • (1995) Third Int Symposium , pp. 15
    • Hortkoff, B.S.1    Gonsowski, C.T.2    Bennett, H.L.3    Levinson, B.4    Rankshaw, D.P.5    Dutton, R.C.6
  • 29
    • 0028959257 scopus 로고
    • Wakeful response to command indicates memory potential during emergence from general anesthesia
    • Dutton RC, Smith WD, Ty Smith N. Wakeful response to command indicates memory potential during emergence from general anesthesia. J Clin Monit 1995: 11: 35-40.
    • (1995) J Clin Monit , vol.11 , pp. 35-40
    • Dutton, R.C.1    Smith, W.D.2    Ty Smith, N.3
  • 30
    • 0028963357 scopus 로고
    • Brief wakeful response to command indicates wakefulness with suppression of memory formation during surgical anesthesia
    • Dutton RC, Smith WD, Ty Smith N. Brief wakeful response to command indicates wakefulness with suppression of memory formation during surgical anesthesia. J Clin Monit 1995: 11: 41-46.
    • (1995) J Clin Monit , vol.11 , pp. 41-46
    • Dutton, R.C.1    Smith, W.D.2    Ty Smith, N.3
  • 32
    • 0027976457 scopus 로고
    • Anesthetic depth defined using multiple noxious stimuli during isoflurane/oxygen anesthesia. II. Hemodynamic responses
    • Zbinden AM, Petersen-Felix S, Thomson DA. Anesthetic depth defined using multiple noxious stimuli during isoflurane/oxygen anesthesia. II. Hemodynamic responses. Anesthesiology 1994: 80: 261-267.
    • (1994) Anesthesiology , vol.80 , pp. 261-267
    • Zbinden, A.M.1    Petersen-Felix, S.2    Thomson, D.A.3
  • 35
    • 0019165094 scopus 로고
    • The effect of halothane with nitrous oxide on baroreflex control of heart rate in man
    • Duke PC, Trosky S. The effect of halothane with nitrous oxide on baroreflex control of heart rate in man. Can Anaesth Soc J 1980: 27: 531-534.
    • (1980) Can Anaesth Soc J , vol.27 , pp. 531-534
    • Duke, P.C.1    Trosky, S.2
  • 37
    • 0029057689 scopus 로고
    • Quantifying anesthetic drug interaction. Implications for drug dosing
    • Stanski DR, Shafer SL. Quantifying anesthetic drug interaction. Implications for drug dosing. Anesthesiology 1995: 83: 1-5.
    • (1995) Anesthesiology , vol.83 , pp. 1-5
    • Stanski, D.R.1    Shafer, S.L.2
  • 40
    • 0015184470 scopus 로고
    • Morphine 'anesthesia' - A perspective
    • Lowenstein E. Morphine 'anesthesia' - a perspective. Anesthesiology 1971: 35: 563-565.
    • (1971) Anesthesiology , vol.35 , pp. 563-565
    • Lowenstein, E.1
  • 41
    • 0019501193 scopus 로고
    • Narcotic 'anesthesia' in the eighties
    • Lowenstein E, Philbin DM. Narcotic 'anesthesia' in the eighties. Anesthesiology 1981: 55: 195-197.
    • (1981) Anesthesiology , vol.55 , pp. 195-197
    • Lowenstein, E.1    Philbin, D.M.2
  • 43
    • 0021288538 scopus 로고
    • ED50 of alfentanil for induction of anesthesia in unpremedicated young adults
    • McDonnell TE, Bartkowski RR, Williams JJ. ED50 of alfentanil for induction of anesthesia in unpremedicated young adults. Anesthesiology 1984: 60: 136-140.
    • (1984) Anesthesiology , vol.60 , pp. 136-140
    • McDonnell, T.E.1    Bartkowski, R.R.2    Williams, J.J.3
  • 44
    • 0021025918 scopus 로고
    • Alfentanil-oxygen anaesthesia: Plasma concentrations and clinical effects during variable-rate continuous infusion for coronary artery surgery
    • de Lange S, de Bruijn NP. Alfentanil-oxygen anaesthesia: Plasma concentrations and clinical effects during variable-rate continuous infusion for coronary artery surgery. Br J Anaesth 1983: 55: 183S-189S.
    • (1983) Br J Anaesth , vol.55
    • De Lange, S.1    De Bruijn, N.P.2
  • 45
    • 0024546529 scopus 로고
    • Induction of anesthesia with small doses of sufentanil: Dose vs. EEG response, speed of onset, and thiopental requirement
    • Bowdle TA, Ward RJ. Induction of anesthesia with small doses of sufentanil: Dose vs. EEG response, speed of onset, and thiopental requirement. Anesthesiology 1989: 70: 26-30.
    • (1989) Anesthesiology , vol.70 , pp. 26-30
    • Bowdle, T.A.1    Ward, R.J.2
  • 46
    • 0000123933 scopus 로고
    • Are opioids anesthetics? Intravenous Opioid Anesthesia
    • Miller RD, ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone
    • Bailey PL, Stanley TH? Are opioids anesthetics? Intravenous Opioid Anesthesia. In: Miller RD, ed. Anesthesia, Vol II. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1994: 300-303.
    • (1994) Anesthesia , vol.2 , pp. 300-303
    • Bailey, P.L.1    Stanley, T.H.2
  • 47
    • 0021966478 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a dual mechanism in the anesthetic action of an opioid peptide
    • Dodson BA, Miller KW. Evidence for a dual mechanism in the anesthetic action of an opioid peptide. Anesthesiology 1985: 62: 615-620.
    • (1985) Anesthesiology , vol.62 , pp. 615-620
    • Dodson, B.A.1    Miller, K.W.2
  • 49
    • 0023772931 scopus 로고
    • Alfentanil plasma concentration v. effect relationship in cardiac surgical patients
    • Hug CC, Hall RI, Angert KC, Reeder DA, Moldenhauer CC. Alfentanil plasma concentration v. effect relationship in cardiac surgical patients. Br J Anaesth 1988: 61: 435-440.
    • (1988) Br J Anaesth , vol.61 , pp. 435-440
    • Hug, C.C.1    Hall, R.I.2    Angert, K.C.3    Reeder, D.A.4    Moldenhauer, C.C.5
  • 50
    • 0020408047 scopus 로고
    • The anesthetic potency of fentanyl in terms of its reduction of enflurane MAC
    • Murphy MR, Hug CC. The anesthetic potency of fentanyl in terms of its reduction of enflurane MAC. Anesthesiology 1982: 57: 485-488.
    • (1982) Anesthesiology , vol.57 , pp. 485-488
    • Murphy, M.R.1    Hug, C.C.2
  • 52
    • 0023549910 scopus 로고
    • The enflurane sparing effect of sufentanil in dogs
    • Hall RI, Murphy MR, Hug CC Jr. The enflurane sparing effect of sufentanil in dogs. Anesthesiology 1987: 67: 518-525
    • (1987) Anesthesiology , vol.67 , pp. 518-525
    • Hall, R.I.1    Murphy, M.R.2    Hug Jr., C.C.3
  • 53
    • 0020553899 scopus 로고
    • The decrease of the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration produced by sufentanil in rats
    • Hecker BR, Lake CL, DiFazio CA, Moscicki JC, Engle JS. The decrease of the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration produced by sufentanil in rats. Anesth Analg 1983: 62: 987-990.
    • (1983) Anesth Analg , vol.62 , pp. 987-990
    • Hecker, B.R.1    Lake, C.L.2    DiFazio, C.A.3    Moscicki, J.C.4    Engle, J.S.5
  • 54
    • 0020546494 scopus 로고
    • Narcotics are not expected to produce unconsciousness and amnesia
    • Wong KC. Narcotics are not expected to produce unconsciousness and amnesia. Anesth Analg 1983: 62: 625-626.
    • (1983) Anesth Analg , vol.62 , pp. 625-626
    • Wong, K.C.1
  • 55
    • 0019501194 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic changes during fentanyl-oxygen anesthesia for aortacoronary bypass operation
    • Waller JL, Hug CC Jr, Nagle DM, Craver JM. Hemodynamic changes during fentanyl-oxygen anesthesia for aortacoronary bypass operation. Anesthesiology 1981: 55: 212-217.
    • (1981) Anesthesiology , vol.55 , pp. 212-217
    • Waller, J.L.1    Hug Jr., C.C.2    Nagle, D.M.3    Craver, J.M.4
  • 59
    • 0027162696 scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentration of fentanyl, with 70% nitrous oxide, to prevent movement at skin incision
    • Glass PSA, Doherty M, Jacobs JR, Goodman D, Smith LR. Plasma concentration of fentanyl, with 70% nitrous oxide, to prevent movement at skin incision. Anesthesiology 1993: 78: 842-847.
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.78 , pp. 842-847
    • Glass, P.S.A.1    Doherty, M.2    Jacobs, J.R.3    Goodman, D.4    Smith, L.R.5
  • 62
    • 0028107379 scopus 로고
    • Propofol infusion and the suppression of consciousness: Dose requirements to induce loss of consciousness and to suppress response to noxious and non-noxious stimuli
    • Dunnet JM, Prys-Roberts C, Holland DE, Browne BL. Propofol infusion and the suppression of consciousness: Dose requirements to induce loss of consciousness and to suppress response to noxious and non-noxious stimuli. Br J Anaesth 1994: 72: 29-34.
    • (1994) Br J Anaesth , vol.72 , pp. 29-34
    • Dunnet, J.M.1    Prys-Roberts, C.2    Holland, D.E.3    Browne, B.L.4
  • 65
    • 0027251472 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamics of alfentanil as a supplement to propofol or nitrous oxide for lower abdominal surgery in female patients
    • Vuyk J, Lim T, Engbers FHM, Burm AGL, Vletter AA, Bovill JG. Pharmacodynamics of alfentanil as a supplement to propofol or nitrous oxide for lower abdominal surgery in female patients. Anesthesiology 1993: 78: 1036-1045.
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.78 , pp. 1036-1045
    • Vuyk, J.1    Lim, T.2    Engbers, F.H.M.3    Burm, A.G.L.4    Vletter, A.A.5    Bovill, J.G.6
  • 66
    • 0007489001 scopus 로고
    • Detecting wakefulness during general anaesthesia for caesarean section
    • Tunstall ME. Detecting wakefulness during general anaesthesia for caesarean section. Br Med J 1977: 274: 1321
    • (1977) Br Med J , vol.274 , pp. 1321
    • Tunstall, M.E.1
  • 68
    • 0021882188 scopus 로고
    • Balanced anesthesia: Does it anesthetize?
    • Russel IF. Balanced anesthesia: Does it anesthetize? Anesth Analg 1985: 64: 941-942.
    • (1985) Anesth Analg , vol.64 , pp. 941-942
    • Russel, I.F.1
  • 69
    • 0022481523 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of wakefulness with two anaesthetic regimens
    • Russel IF. Comparison of wakefulness with two anaesthetic regimens. Br J Anaesth 1986: 58: 965-968.
    • (1986) Br J Anaesth , vol.58 , pp. 965-968
    • Russel, I.F.1
  • 70
    • 0027399920 scopus 로고
    • Midazolam-alfentanil: An anaesthetic? An investigation using the isolated forearm technique
    • Russel IF. Midazolam-alfentanil: An anaesthetic? An investigation using the isolated forearm technique. Br J Anaesth 1993: 70: 42-46.
    • (1993) Br J Anaesth , vol.70 , pp. 42-46
    • Russel, I.F.1
  • 71
    • 0022542993 scopus 로고
    • Wakefulness during cesarean section after induction with ketamine, thiopental, or ketamine and thiopental combined
    • Schultetus RR, Hill CR, Dharamraj CM, Banner TE, Berman LS. Wakefulness during cesarean section after induction with ketamine, thiopental, or ketamine and thiopental combined. Anesth Analg 1986: 65: 723-728.
    • (1986) Anesth Analg , vol.65 , pp. 723-728
    • Schultetus, R.R.1    Hill, C.R.2    Dharamraj, C.M.3    Banner, T.E.4    Berman, L.S.5
  • 72
    • 84965303377 scopus 로고
    • Awareness in general anaesthesia
    • Wilson ME. Awareness in general anaesthesia. Br Med J 1980: 280: 1270
    • (1980) Br Med J , vol.280 , pp. 1270
    • Wilson, M.E.1
  • 73
    • 0345429970 scopus 로고
    • Sleep phobia after awareness during general anaesthesia: Treatment by induced wakefulness
    • Tunstall ME. Sleep phobia after awareness during general anaesthesia: Treatment by induced wakefulness. Br Med J 1982: 285: 865.
    • (1982) Br Med J , vol.285 , pp. 865
    • Tunstall, M.E.1
  • 75
    • 0025216649 scopus 로고
    • Detecting awareness during general anaesthetic caesarean section
    • Bogod DG, Orton JK, Oh TE. Detecting awareness during general anaesthetic caesarean section. Anaesthesia 1990: 45: 279-284.
    • (1990) Anaesthesia , vol.45 , pp. 279-284
    • Bogod, D.G.1    Orton, J.K.2    Oh, T.E.3
  • 76
    • 0019495190 scopus 로고
    • Isolated forearm technique for detection of wakefulness during general anaesthesia
    • Breckenridge JL, Aitkenhead AR. Isolated forearm technique for detection of wakefulness during general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1981: 53: 665P-666P.
    • (1981) Br J Anaesth , vol.53
    • Breckenridge, J.L.1    Aitkenhead, A.R.2
  • 77
    • 0018428650 scopus 로고
    • The reduction of amnesic wakefulness during caesarean section
    • Tunstall ME. The reduction of amnesic wakefulness during caesarean section. Anaesthesia 1979: 34: 316-319.
    • (1979) Anaesthesia , vol.34 , pp. 316-319
    • Tunstall, M.E.1
  • 78
    • 0018410131 scopus 로고
    • Auditory perception under anaesthesia
    • Russel IF. Auditory perception under anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 1979: 34: 211.
    • (1979) Anaesthesia , vol.34 , pp. 211
    • Russel, I.F.1
  • 79
    • 84965282990 scopus 로고
    • Awareness in general anaesthesia
    • Russel IF. Awareness in general anaesthesia. Br Med J 1980: 280: 1056.
    • (1980) Br Med J , vol.280 , pp. 1056
    • Russel, I.F.1
  • 80
    • 0000248098 scopus 로고
    • Motor functions of the pharynx and oesophagus
    • Johnson LR, ed. New York: Raven Press
    • Christensen J. Motor functions of the pharynx and oesophagus. In: Johnson LR, ed. Physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, 2nd edn, Vol. I. New York: Raven Press, 1987: 595-612.
    • (1987) Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, 2nd Edn , vol.1 , pp. 595-612
    • Christensen, J.1
  • 81
    • 0000621867 scopus 로고
    • Measuring the effect of emotions on esophageal motility
    • Rubin J, Nagler R, Spiro HM, Pilot ML. Measuring the effect of emotions on esophageal motility. Psychosom Med 1962: 24: 170-176.
    • (1962) Psychosom Med , vol.24 , pp. 170-176
    • Rubin, J.1    Nagler, R.2    Spiro, H.M.3    Pilot, M.L.4
  • 82
    • 0026099586 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the adequacy of fentanyl anaesthesia: Plasma concentrations and lower oesophageal contractility
    • Schwieger IM, Hall RI, Hug CC Jr. Assessing the adequacy of fentanyl anaesthesia: Plasma concentrations and lower oesophageal contractility. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1991: 35: 227-234.
    • (1991) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.35 , pp. 227-234
    • Schwieger, I.M.1    Hall, R.I.2    Hug Jr., C.C.3
  • 83
    • 0025266760 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between lower oesophageal contractility and type of surgical stimulation
    • Thomas DI, Aitkenhead AR. Relationship between lower oesophageal contractility and type of surgical stimulation. Br J Anaesth 1990; 64: 306-310.
    • (1990) Br J Anaesth , vol.64 , pp. 306-310
    • Thomas, D.I.1    Aitkenhead, A.R.2
  • 84
    • 0023242467 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between lower oesophageal contractility, clinical signs and halothane concentration during general anaesthesia and surgery in man
    • Evans JM, Bithell JF, Vlachonikolis IG. Relationship between lower oesophageal contractility, clinical signs and halothane concentration during general anaesthesia and surgery in man. Br J Anaesth 1987: 59: 1346-1355.
    • (1987) Br J Anaesth , vol.59 , pp. 1346-1355
    • Evans, J.M.1    Bithell, J.F.2    Vlachonikolis, I.G.3
  • 85
    • 0025756036 scopus 로고
    • Oesophageal contractility during total IV anaesthesia with and without glycopyrronium
    • Raftery S, Enever G, Prys-Roberts C. Oesophageal contractility during total IV anaesthesia with and without glycopyrronium. Br J Anaesth 1991; 66: 566-571.
    • (1991) Br J Anaesth , vol.66 , pp. 566-571
    • Raftery, S.1    Enever, G.2    Prys-Roberts, C.3
  • 86
    • 0024586469 scopus 로고
    • Lower esophageal contractility predicts movement during skin incision in patients anesthetized with halothane, but not with nitrous oxide and alfentanil
    • Sessler DI, Støen R, Olofsson CI, Chow F. Lower esophageal contractility predicts movement during skin incision in patients anesthetized with halothane, but not with nitrous oxide and alfentanil. Anesthesiology 1989; 70: 42-46.
    • (1989) Anesthesiology , vol.70 , pp. 42-46
    • Sessler, D.I.1    Støen, R.2    Olofsson, C.I.3    Chow, F.4
  • 87
    • 0026654444 scopus 로고
    • Somatic movement and oesophageal motility during isoflurane anaesthesia
    • Mather C, Raftery S, Prys-Roberts C. Somatic movement and oesophageal motility during isoflurane anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1992; 69: 40-44.
    • (1992) Br J Anaesth , vol.69 , pp. 40-44
    • Mather, C.1    Raftery, S.2    Prys-Roberts, C.3
  • 88
    • 10244251922 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of efficacy of lower esophageal contractility as a measure of depth of anesthesia
    • abstract
    • Erickson JP, Foss J, Kuni DR. A controlled trial of efficacy of lower esophageal contractility as a measure of depth of anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1987; 67: A672 (abstract).
    • (1987) Anesthesiology , vol.67
    • Erickson, J.P.1    Foss, J.2    Kuni, D.R.3
  • 89
    • 10144250884 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between lower esophageal contractility and clinical signs of light anesthesia
    • abstract
    • Aitkenhead AR, Lin ES, Thomas D. Relationship between lower esophageal contractility and clinical signs of light anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1987; 67: A671 (abstract)
    • (1987) Anesthesiology , vol.67
    • Aitkenhead, A.R.1    Lin, E.S.2    Thomas, D.3
  • 90
    • 0012132895 scopus 로고
    • Do oesophageal contractions measure "depth" of anaesthesia?
    • Cox PN, White DC. Do oesophageal contractions measure "depth" of anaesthesia? Br J Anaesth 1986; 58: 131P-132P.
    • (1986) Br J Anaesth , vol.58
    • Cox, P.N.1    White, D.C.2
  • 91
    • 0025039553 scopus 로고
    • Lower oesophageal contractility and detection of awareness during anaesthesia
    • Isaac PA, Rosen M. Lower oesophageal contractility and detection of awareness during anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1990: 65: 319-324.
    • (1990) Br J Anaesth , vol.65 , pp. 319-324
    • Isaac, P.A.1    Rosen, M.2
  • 92
    • 0018158128 scopus 로고
    • The EEMG - A practical index of cortical activity and muscular relaxation
    • Harmel MH, Klein FF, Davis DA. The EEMG - a practical index of cortical activity and muscular relaxation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1978: 70: 97-102.
    • (1978) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.70 , pp. 97-102
    • Harmel, M.H.1    Klein, F.F.2    Davis, D.A.3
  • 94
    • 0026031333 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous EMG activity for detection of arousal during general anaesthesia-comparison between recordings from frontal and neck musculature
    • Tammisto T, Toikka O. Spontaneous EMG activity for detection of arousal during general anaesthesia-comparison between recordings from frontal and neck musculature. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1991: 8: 109-114.
    • (1991) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.8 , pp. 109-114
    • Tammisto, T.1    Toikka, O.2
  • 95
    • 0028898354 scopus 로고
    • Dependence of the adequacy of muscle relaxation on the degree of neuromuscular block and depth of enflurane anesthesia during abdominal surgery
    • Tammisto T, Olkkola KT. Dependence of the adequacy of muscle relaxation on the degree of neuromuscular block and depth of enflurane anesthesia during abdominal surgery. Anesth Analg 1995: 80: 543-547.
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.80 , pp. 543-547
    • Tammisto, T.1    Olkkola, K.T.2
  • 96
    • 0008078220 scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular block vs. muscle relaxation: Clinical applications of the difference
    • Tammisto T. Neuromuscular block vs. muscle relaxation: Clinical applications of the difference. Finnanest 1992: 18: 11-18.
    • (1992) Finnanest , vol.18 , pp. 11-18
    • Tammisto, T.1
  • 98
    • 0027527655 scopus 로고
    • Anaesthetic adequacy and auditory evoked potentials
    • Tammisto T. Anaesthetic adequacy and auditory evoked potentials. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1993: 37: 109-110.
    • (1993) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.37 , pp. 109-110
    • Tammisto, T.1
  • 99
    • 0000352245 scopus 로고
    • Effect on the electro-encephalogram of certain drugs which influence nervous activity
    • Gibbs FA, Gibbs EL, Lennox WG. Effect on the electro-encephalogram of certain drugs which influence nervous activity. Arch Intern Med 1987: 60: 154.
    • (1987) Arch Intern Med , vol.60 , pp. 154
    • Gibbs, F.A.1    Gibbs, E.L.2    Lennox, W.G.3
  • 100
    • 0019306627 scopus 로고
    • Automated EEG processing for intraoperative monitoring: A comparison of techniques
    • Levy WJ, Shapiro HM, Maruchak G, Meathe E. Automated EEG processing for intraoperative monitoring: A comparison of techniques. Anesthesiology 1980: 53: 223-236.
    • (1980) Anesthesiology , vol.53 , pp. 223-236
    • Levy, W.J.1    Shapiro, H.M.2    Maruchak, G.3    Meathe, E.4
  • 101
    • 0022468223 scopus 로고
    • An electroencephalographic processing algorith specifically intended for analysis of cerebral electrical activity
    • Gregory TK, Pettus DC. An electroencephalographic processing algorith specifically intended for analysis of cerebral electrical activity. J Clin Monit 1986: 2: 191-197.
    • (1986) J Clin Monit , vol.2 , pp. 191-197
    • Gregory, T.K.1    Pettus, D.C.2
  • 102
    • 0028271915 scopus 로고
    • Surgical Stimulation induced changes in brain electrical activity during isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia
    • Kochs E, Bischoff P, Pichlmeier U, Schulte am Esch J. Surgical Stimulation induced changes in brain electrical activity during isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1994: 80: 1026-1034.
    • (1994) Anesthesiology , vol.80 , pp. 1026-1034
    • Kochs, E.1    Bischoff, P.2    Pichlmeier, U.3    Schulte Am Esch, J.4
  • 104
    • 0015836917 scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiologic effects of general anesthetics
    • Rosner BS, Clark DL. Neurophysiologic effects of general anesthetics. Anesthesiology 1973: 39: 59-81.
    • (1973) Anesthesiology , vol.39 , pp. 59-81
    • Rosner, B.S.1    Clark, D.L.2
  • 105
    • 0015634535 scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiologic effects of general anesthetics
    • Clark DL, Rosner BS. Neurophysiologic effects of general anesthetics. Anesthesiology 1973: 38: 564-582.
    • (1973) Anesthesiology , vol.38 , pp. 564-582
    • Clark, D.L.1    Rosner, B.S.2
  • 106
    • 0020577943 scopus 로고
    • A model for studying depth of anesthesia and acute tolerance to thiopental
    • Hudson RJ, Stanski DR, Saidman LJ, Meathe E. A model for studying depth of anesthesia and acute tolerance to thiopental. Anesthesiology 1983: 59: 301-308.
    • (1983) Anesthesiology , vol.59 , pp. 301-308
    • Hudson, R.J.1    Stanski, D.R.2    Saidman, L.J.3    Meathe, E.4
  • 107
    • 0024833450 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of EEG determinants of near-awakening from isoflurane and fentanyl anesthesia
    • Long CW, Shah NK, Loughlin C, Spydell J, Bedford RF. A comparison of EEG determinants of near-awakening from isoflurane and fentanyl anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1989: 69: 169-173.
    • (1989) Anesth Analg , vol.69 , pp. 169-173
    • Long, C.W.1    Shah, N.K.2    Loughlin, C.3    Spydell, J.4    Bedford, R.F.5
  • 108
    • 0025720999 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of median frequency, spectral edge frequency, a frequency band power ratio, total power, and dominance shift in the determination of depth of anesthesia
    • Drummond JC, Brann CA, Perkins DE, Wolfe DE. A comparison of median frequency, spectral edge frequency, a frequency band power ratio, total power, and dominance shift in the determination of depth of anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1991: 35: 693-699.
    • (1991) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.35 , pp. 693-699
    • Drummond, J.C.1    Brann, C.A.2    Perkins, D.E.3    Wolfe, D.E.4
  • 109
    • 0023180697 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative EEG analysis during anaesthesia with isoflurane in nitrous oxide at 1.3 and 1.5 MAC
    • Schwilden H, Stoeckel H. Quantitative EEG analysis during anaesthesia with isoflurane in nitrous oxide at 1.3 and 1.5 MAC. Br J Anaesth 1987: 59: 738-745.
    • (1987) Br J Anaesth , vol.59 , pp. 738-745
    • Schwilden, H.1    Stoeckel, H.2
  • 110
    • 0023605947 scopus 로고
    • Closed-loop feedback control of methohexital anesthesia by quantitative EEC analysis in humans
    • Schwilden H, Schuettler J, Stoeckel H. Closed-loop feedback control of methohexital anesthesia by quantitative EEC analysis in humans. Anesthesiology 1987: 67: 341-347.
    • (1987) Anesthesiology , vol.67 , pp. 341-347
    • Schwilden, H.1    Schuettler, J.2    Stoeckel, H.3
  • 111
    • 0024601560 scopus 로고
    • Closed-loop feedback control of propofol anaesthesia by quantitative EEC analysis in humans
    • Schwilden H, Stoeckel H, Schuettler J. Closed-loop feedback control of propofol anaesthesia by quantitative EEC analysis in humans. Br J Anaesth 1989: 62: 290-296.
    • (1989) Br J Anaesth , vol.62 , pp. 290-296
    • Schwilden, H.1    Stoeckel, H.2    Schuettler, J.3
  • 112
    • 0021979044 scopus 로고
    • EEG quantitation of narcotic effect: The comparative pharmacodynamics of fentanyl and alfentanil
    • Scott JC, Ponganis KV, Stanski DR. EEG quantitation of narcotic effect: The comparative pharmacodynamics of fentanyl and alfentanil. Anesthesiology 1985: 62: 234-241.
    • (1985) Anesthesiology , vol.62 , pp. 234-241
    • Scott, J.C.1    Ponganis, K.V.2    Stanski, D.R.3
  • 114
    • 0019511733 scopus 로고
    • Effects of high-dose fentanyl anesthesia on the electroencephalogram
    • Sebel PS, Bovill JG, Wauquier A, Rog P. Effects of high-dose fentanyl anesthesia on the electroencephalogram. Anesthesiology 1981: 55: 203-211.
    • (1981) Anesthesiology , vol.55 , pp. 203-211
    • Sebel, P.S.1    Bovill, J.G.2    Wauquier, A.3    Rog, P.4
  • 116
    • 0026027925 scopus 로고
    • Electroencephalographic mapping during isoflurane anesthesia for treatment of mental depression
    • Engelhardt W, Carl G, Dierks T, Maurer K. Electroencephalographic mapping during isoflurane anesthesia for treatment of mental depression. J Clin Monit 1991: 7: 23-29.
    • (1991) J Clin Monit , vol.7 , pp. 23-29
    • Engelhardt, W.1    Carl, G.2    Dierks, T.3    Maurer, K.4
  • 118
    • 0028054948 scopus 로고
    • Propofol infusion and the suppression of consciousness: The EEG and dose requirements
    • Forrest FC, Tooley MA, Saunders PR Prys-Roberts C. Propofol infusion and the suppression of consciousness: The EEG and dose requirements. Br J Anaesth 1994: 72: 35-41.
    • (1994) Br J Anaesth , vol.72 , pp. 35-41
    • Forrest, F.C.1    Tooley, M.A.2    Saunders, P.R.3    Prys-Roberts, C.4
  • 119
    • 0026760220 scopus 로고
    • What neuroanesthesiologists should know about electroencephalograms and computerized monitors
    • Rampil IJ. What neuroanesthesiologists should know about electroencephalograms and computerized monitors. Anesthesiol Clin North Am 1992: 10: 683.
    • (1992) Anesthesiol Clin North Am , vol.10 , pp. 683
    • Rampil, I.J.1
  • 120
    • 0022656840 scopus 로고
    • Power spectrum correlates of changes in consciousness during anesthetic induction with enflurane
    • Levy WJ. Power spectrum correlates of changes in consciousness during anesthetic induction with enflurane. Anesthesiology 1986: 64: 688-693.
    • (1986) Anesthesiology , vol.64 , pp. 688-693
    • Levy, W.J.1
  • 121
    • 0001733321 scopus 로고
    • Neurologic monitoring
    • Miller RD, ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone
    • Black S, Mahla ME, Cucchiara RF. Neurologic monitoring. In: Miller RD, ed. Anesthesia, Vol. II. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1994: 1319-1344.
    • (1994) Anesthesia , vol.2 , pp. 1319-1344
    • Black, S.1    Mahla, M.E.2    Cucchiara, R.F.3
  • 122
    • 0025817138 scopus 로고
    • Depth of anaesthesia
    • Plourde G. Depth of anaesthesia. Can J Anaesth 1991: 38: 270-274.
    • (1991) Can J Anaesth , vol.38 , pp. 270-274
    • Plourde, G.1
  • 123
    • 0025907843 scopus 로고
    • Long-latency auditory evoked potential during general anesthesia: N1 and P3 components
    • Plourde G, Picton TW. Long-latency auditory evoked potential during general anesthesia: N1 and P3 components. Anesth Analg 1991: 72: 342-50.
    • (1991) Anesth Analg , vol.72 , pp. 342-350
    • Plourde, G.1    Picton, T.W.2
  • 124
    • 0028110368 scopus 로고
    • The electroencephalogram does not predict depth of isoflurane anesthesia
    • Dwyer RC, Rampil IJ, Eger EI II, Bennett HL. The electroencephalogram does not predict depth of isoflurane anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1994: 81: 403-409.
    • (1994) Anesthesiology , vol.81 , pp. 403-409
    • Dwyer, R.C.1    Rampil, I.J.2    Eger II, E.I.3    Bennett, H.L.4
  • 125
    • 0028029987 scopus 로고
    • Continuous monitoring of depth of sedation by EEG spectral analysis in patients requiring mechanical ventilation
    • Spencer EM, Green JL, Willatts SM. Continuous monitoring of depth of sedation by EEG spectral analysis in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Br J Anaesth 1994: 73: 649-654.
    • (1994) Br J Anaesth , vol.73 , pp. 649-654
    • Spencer, E.M.1    Green, J.L.2    Willatts, S.M.3
  • 126
    • 0001579574 scopus 로고
    • 'Delta-shift': An EEG sign of awakening during light isoflurane anesthesia
    • abstract
    • Shah NK, Long CW, Bedford RF. 'Delta-shift': An EEG sign of awakening during light isoflurane anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1988: 67: S266 (abstract).
    • (1988) Anesth Analg , vol.67
    • Shah, N.K.1    Long, C.W.2    Bedford, R.F.3
  • 127
    • 10244249590 scopus 로고
    • Theta ratio: A better correlate of anesthetic depth
    • Cooke JE, Scott JC. Theta ratio: A better correlate of anesthetic depth. Anesthesiology 1986: 65: A541.
    • (1986) Anesthesiology , vol.65
    • Cooke, J.E.1    Scott, J.C.2
  • 128
    • 0026471602 scopus 로고
    • No correlation between quantitative electroencephalographic measurements and movement response to noxious stimuli during isoflurane anesthesia in rats
    • Rampil IJ, Laster MJ. No correlation between quantitative electroencephalographic measurements and movement response to noxious stimuli during isoflurane anesthesia in rats. Anesthesiology 1992: 77: 920-925.
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.77 , pp. 920-925
    • Rampil, I.J.1    Laster, M.J.2
  • 129
    • 0027467413 scopus 로고
    • Anesthetic potency (MAC) is independent of forebrain structures in the rat
    • Rampil IJ, Mason P, Singh H. Anesthetic potency (MAC) is independent of forebrain structures in the rat. Anesthesiology 1993: 78: 707-712.
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.78 , pp. 707-712
    • Rampil, I.J.1    Mason, P.2    Singh, H.3
  • 130
    • 0028297603 scopus 로고
    • Anesthetic potency is not altered after hypothermic spinal cord transection in rats
    • Rampil I. Anesthetic potency is not altered after hypothermic spinal cord transection in rats. Anesthesiology 1994: 80: 606-610.
    • (1994) Anesthesiology , vol.80 , pp. 606-610
    • Rampil, I.1
  • 131
    • 0027142553 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord as a site of anesthetic action
    • Kendig JJ. Spinal cord as a site of anesthetic action. Anesthesiology 1993: 79: 1161-1162.
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.79 , pp. 1161-1162
    • Kendig, J.J.1
  • 132
    • 0027946797 scopus 로고
    • Anesthetic depression of spinal motor neurons may contribute to lack of movement response to noxious stimuli
    • King BS, Rampil IJ. Anesthetic depression of spinal motor neurons may contribute to lack of movement response to noxious stimuli. Anesthesiology 1994: 81: 1484-1492.
    • (1994) Anesthesiology , vol.81 , pp. 1484-1492
    • King, B.S.1    Rampil, I.J.2
  • 133
    • 0015237193 scopus 로고
    • Bispectrum analysis of electroencephalogram, signals during waking and sleeping
    • Barnett TP, Johnson LC, Naitoh P, Hicks N, Nute C. Bispectrum analysis of electroencephalogram, signals during waking and sleeping. Science 1971: 172: 401-402
    • (1971) Science , vol.172 , pp. 401-402
    • Barnett, T.P.1    Johnson, L.C.2    Naitoh, P.3    Hicks, N.4    Nute, C.5
  • 134
    • 0015104464 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the interrelations between frequency bands of the EEG by means of the bispectrum. A preliminary study
    • Dumermuth G, Huber PJ, Kleiner B, Gasser T. Analysis of the interrelations between frequency bands of the EEG by means of the bispectrum. A preliminary study. Electroencephal Clin Neurophysiol 1971: 31: 137-148.
    • (1971) Electroencephal Clin Neurophysiol , vol.31 , pp. 137-148
    • Dumermuth, G.1    Huber, P.J.2    Kleiner, B.3    Gasser, T.4
  • 135
    • 0028935194 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of movement using bispectral electroencephalographic analysis during propofol-alfentanil or isoflurane-alfentanil anesthesia
    • Vernon JM, Lang E, Sebel PS, Manberg P. Prediction of movement using bispectral electroencephalographic analysis during propofol-alfentanil or isoflurane-alfentanil anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1995: 80: 780-785.
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.80 , pp. 780-785
    • Vernon, J.M.1    Lang, E.2    Sebel, P.S.3    Manberg, P.4
  • 136
    • 0028117016 scopus 로고
    • Bispectral analysis of the encephalogram correlates with patient movement to skin incision during propofol-nitrous oxide anesthesia
    • Kearse LA, Manberg P, Chamoun N, deBros F, Zaslavsky A. Bispectral analysis of the encephalogram correlates with patient movement to skin incision during propofol-nitrous oxide anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1994: 81: 1365-1370.
    • (1994) Anesthesiology , vol.81 , pp. 1365-1370
    • Kearse, L.A.1    Manberg, P.2    Chamoun, N.3    DeBros, F.4    Zaslavsky, A.5
  • 137
    • 0023483295 scopus 로고
    • Changes in EEG spectral edge frequency correlate with the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation
    • Rampil IJ, Matteo RS. Changes in EEG spectral edge frequency correlate with the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation. Anesthesiology 1987: 67: 139-142.
    • (1987) Anesthesiology , vol.67 , pp. 139-142
    • Rampil, I.J.1    Matteo, R.S.2
  • 138
    • 0024552639 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between hemodynamic and electroencephalographic changes during general anesthesia
    • White PF, Boyle WA. Relationship between hemodynamic and electroencephalographic changes during general anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1989: 68: 177-181.
    • (1989) Anesth Analg , vol.68 , pp. 177-181
    • White, P.F.1    Boyle, W.A.2
  • 139
    • 0021021432 scopus 로고
    • Influence of high-dose alfentanil anaesthesia on the electroencephalogram: Correlation with plasma concentrations
    • Bovill JG, Sebel PS, Wauquier A, Rog P, Schuyt HC. Influence of high-dose alfentanil anaesthesia on the electroencephalogram: Correlation with plasma concentrations. Br J Anaesth 1983: 55: 199S-209S.
    • (1983) Br J Anaesth , vol.55
    • Bovill, J.G.1    Sebel, P.S.2    Wauquier, A.3    Rog, P.4    Schuyt, H.C.5
  • 140
    • 0019391701 scopus 로고
    • EEG activity during halothane anaesthesia in man
    • Oshima E, Shingu K, Mori K. EEG activity during halothane anaesthesia in man. Br J Anaesth 1981: 53: 65-72.
    • (1981) Br J Anaesth , vol.53 , pp. 65-72
    • Oshima, E.1    Shingu, K.2    Mori, K.3
  • 141
    • 0017738918 scopus 로고
    • Arousal reactions during anesthesia in man
    • Bimar J, Bellville JW. Arousal reactions during anesthesia in man. Anesthesiology 1977: 47: 449-454.
    • (1977) Anesthesiology , vol.47 , pp. 449-454
    • Bimar, J.1    Bellville, J.W.2
  • 142
    • 85035172593 scopus 로고
    • EEG arousal with laryngoscopy and intubation during induction with nitrous oxide and propofol or thiopentone
    • abstract
    • .Wilder-Smith OHG, Hagon O, Tassonyi E. EEG arousal with laryngoscopy and intubation during induction with nitrous oxide and propofol or thiopentone. Eur J Anaesth 1994: 11: A224 (abstract).
    • (1994) Eur J Anaesth , vol.11
    • Wilder-Smith, O.H.G.1    Hagon, O.2    Tassonyi, E.3
  • 143
    • 85035180134 scopus 로고
    • Topographical analysis of EEG frequency descriptors in isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthetized patients
    • abstract
    • Kochs E, Bischoff P, Schulte am Esch J. Topographical analysis of EEG frequency descriptors in isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthetized patients. Anesthesiology 1993: 79: A174 (abstract).
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.79
    • Kochs, E.1    Bischoff, P.2    Schulte Am Esch, J.3
  • 144
    • 0020661303 scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative monitoring of sensory-evoked potentials
    • Grundy BL. Intraoperative monitoring of sensory-evoked potentials. Anesthesiology 1983: 58: 72-87.
    • (1983) Anesthesiology , vol.58 , pp. 72-87
    • Grundy, B.L.1
  • 145
    • 0023684764 scopus 로고
    • Anesthesia and evoked potentials: Overview
    • .Koht A. Anesthesia and evoked potentials: Overview. Int J Clin Monit Comput 1988: 5: 167-173.
    • (1988) Int J Clin Monit Comput , vol.5 , pp. 167-173
    • Koht, A.1
  • 146
    • 85064542310 scopus 로고
    • Opioid action and sensory evoked potentials
    • Miller RD, ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone
    • Bailey PL, Stanley TH. Opioid action and sensory evoked potentials. In: Miller RD, ed. Anesthesia, Vol. II. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1994: 320.
    • (1994) Anesthesia , vol.2 , pp. 320
    • Bailey, P.L.1    Stanley, T.H.2
  • 147
    • 0026574786 scopus 로고
    • Effects of isoflurane anaesthesia on the median nerve somatosensory evoked potential in children
    • Mason DG, Higgins D, Boyd SG, Lloyd-Thomas AR. Effects of isoflurane anaesthesia on the median nerve somatosensory evoked potential in children. Br J Anaesth 1992: 69: 562-566.
    • (1992) Br J Anaesth , vol.69 , pp. 562-566
    • Mason, D.G.1    Higgins, D.2    Boyd, S.G.3    Lloyd-Thomas, A.R.4
  • 148
    • 0026498637 scopus 로고
    • Sequential measurement of the median nerve somatosensory evoked potential during isoflurane anaesthesia in children
    • Mason DG, Higgins D, Boyd SG, Lloyd-Thomas AR. Sequential measurement of the median nerve somatosensory evoked potential during isoflurane anaesthesia in children. BrJ Anaesth 1992: 69: 567-569.
    • (1992) BrJ Anaesth , vol.69 , pp. 567-569
    • Mason, D.G.1    Higgins, D.2    Boyd, S.G.3    Lloyd-Thomas, A.R.4
  • 151
    • 0026608607 scopus 로고
    • Somatosensory and auditory evoked responses recorded simultaneously: Differential effects of nitrous oxide and isoflurane
    • Thornton C, Creagh-Barry P, Jordan C, Luff NP, Doré CJ, henley M, et al. Somatosensory and auditory evoked responses recorded simultaneously: Differential effects of nitrous oxide and isoflurane. Br J Anaesth 1992: 68: 508-514.
    • (1992) Br J Anaesth , vol.68 , pp. 508-514
    • Thornton, C.1    Creagh-Barry, P.2    Jordan, C.3    Luff, N.P.4    Doré, C.J.5    Henley, M.6
  • 153
    • 0021674454 scopus 로고
    • Effect of nitrous oxide on visual, auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials
    • Sebel PS, Flynn PJ, Ingram DA. Effect of nitrous oxide on visual, auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials. Br J Anaesth 1984: 56: 1403-1407.
    • (1984) Br J Anaesth , vol.56 , pp. 1403-1407
    • Sebel, P.S.1    Flynn, P.J.2    Ingram, D.A.3
  • 154
    • 0020576614 scopus 로고
    • Enflurane anaesthesia causes graded changes in the brainstem and early cortical auditory evoked response in man
    • Thornton C, Catley DM, Jordan C, Lehane JR, Royston D, Jones JG. Enflurane anaesthesia causes graded changes in the brainstem and early cortical auditory evoked response in man. Br J Anaesth 1983: 55: 479-483.
    • (1983) Br J Anaesth , vol.55 , pp. 479-483
    • Thornton, C.1    Catley, D.M.2    Jordan, C.3    Lehane, J.R.4    Royston, D.5    Jones, J.G.6
  • 155
    • 0021341691 scopus 로고
    • Effects of halothane or enflurane with controlled ventilation on auditory evoked potentials
    • Thornton C, Heneghan CPH, James MFM, Jones JG. Effects of halothane or enflurane with controlled ventilation on auditory evoked potentials. Br J Anaesth 1984: 56: 315-322.
    • (1984) Br J Anaesth , vol.56 , pp. 315-322
    • Thornton, C.1    Heneghan, C.P.H.2    James, M.F.M.3    Jones, J.G.4
  • 158
    • 0022509656 scopus 로고
    • Auditory evoked potentials during isoflurane anaesthesia
    • Schmidt JF, Chraemmer-Joergensen. Auditory evoked potentials during isoflurane anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1986: 30: 378-380.
    • (1986) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.30 , pp. 378-380
    • Schmidt, J.F.1    Chraemmer-Joergensen2
  • 160
    • 0027373972 scopus 로고
    • Effect of increasing doses of alfentanil, fentanyl and morphine on mid-latency auditory evoked potentials
    • Schwender D, Rimkus T, Haessler R, Klasing S, Poeppel E, Peter K. Effect of increasing doses of alfentanil, fentanyl and morphine on mid-latency auditory evoked potentials. Br J Anaesth 1993: 71: 622-628.
    • (1993) Br J Anaesth , vol.71 , pp. 622-628
    • Schwender, D.1    Rimkus, T.2    Haessler, R.3    Klasing, S.4    Poeppel, E.5    Peter, K.6
  • 161
    • 0027494605 scopus 로고
    • Mid-latency auditory evoked potentials during ketamine anaesthesia in humans
    • Schwender D, Klasing S, Madler C, Poeppel E, Peter K. Mid-latency auditory evoked potentials during ketamine anaesthesia in humans. Br J Anaesth 1993: 71: 629-632.
    • (1993) Br J Anaesth , vol.71 , pp. 629-632
    • Schwender, D.1    Klasing, S.2    Madler, C.3    Poeppel, E.4    Peter, K.5
  • 162
    • 0028105743 scopus 로고
    • Midlatency auditory evoked potentials and purposeful movements after thiopentone bolus injection
    • Schwender D, Klasing S, Madler C, Poeppel E, Peter K. Midlatency auditory evoked potentials and purposeful movements after thiopentone bolus injection. Anaesthesia 1994: 49: 99-104.
    • (1994) Anaesthesia , vol.49 , pp. 99-104
    • Schwender, D.1    Klasing, S.2    Madler, C.3    Poeppel, E.4    Peter, K.5
  • 163
    • 0028235181 scopus 로고
    • Motor signs of wakefulness during general anaesthesia with propofol, isoflurane and flunitrazepam/fentanyl and midlatency auditory evoked potentials
    • Schwender D, Faber-Zuellig E, Klasing S, Poeppel E, Peter K. Motor signs of wakefulness during general anaesthesia with propofol, isoflurane and flunitrazepam/fentanyl and midlatency auditory evoked potentials. Anaesthesia 1994: 49: 476-484.
    • (1994) Anaesthesia , vol.49 , pp. 476-484
    • Schwender, D.1    Faber-Zuellig, E.2    Klasing, S.3    Poeppel, E.4    Peter, K.5
  • 164
    • 0028953380 scopus 로고
    • Anesthesia with increasing doses of sufentanil and midlatency auditory evoked potentials in humans
    • Schwender D, Weninger E, Daunderer M, Klasing S, Poeppel E, Peter K. Anesthesia with increasing doses of sufentanil and midlatency auditory evoked potentials in humans. Anesth Analg 1995: 80: 499-505.
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.80 , pp. 499-505
    • Schwender, D.1    Weninger, E.2    Daunderer, M.3    Klasing, S.4    Poeppel, E.5    Peter, K.6
  • 165
    • 84974007582 scopus 로고
    • Explicit and implicit memory and mid-latency auditory evoked potentials during cardiac surgery
    • abstract
    • Schwender D, Kaiser A, Klasing S, Peter K. Explicit and implicit memory and mid-latency auditory evoked potentials during cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 1992: 74: S269 (abstract).
    • (1992) Anesth Analg , vol.74
    • Schwender, D.1    Kaiser, A.2    Klasing, S.3    Peter, K.4
  • 167
    • 0027501565 scopus 로고
    • A measure of consciousness and memory during isoflurane administration: The coherent frequency
    • Munglani R, Andrade J, Sapsford DJ, Baddeley A, Jones JG. A measure of consciousness and memory during isoflurane administration: The coherent frequency. Br J Anaesth 1993: 71: 633-641.
    • (1993) Br J Anaesth , vol.71 , pp. 633-641
    • Munglani, R.1    Andrade, J.2    Sapsford, D.J.3    Baddeley, A.4    Jones, J.G.5
  • 169
    • 0025913971 scopus 로고
    • Conscious awareness during general anesthesia - What are we attempting to monitor?
    • Jessop J, Jones JG. Conscious awareness during general anesthesia - what are we attempting to monitor? Br J Anaesth 1991: 66: 635-637.
    • (1991) Br J Anaesth , vol.66 , pp. 635-637
    • Jessop, J.1    Jones, J.G.2
  • 170
    • 0026023941 scopus 로고
    • Sensory information processing during general anaesthesia: Effect of isoflurane on auditory evoked neuronal oscillations
    • Madler C, Keller I, Schwender D, Poeppel E. Sensory information processing during general anaesthesia: Effect of isoflurane on auditory evoked neuronal oscillations. Br J Anaesth 1991: 66: 81-87.
    • (1991) Br J Anaesth , vol.66 , pp. 81-87
    • Madler, C.1    Keller, I.2    Schwender, D.3    Poeppel, E.4
  • 171
    • 0024346317 scopus 로고
    • Early cortical auditory evoked response in anaesthesia: Comparison of the effects of nitrous oxide and isoflurane
    • Newton DEF, Thornton C, Creagh-Barry P, Doré CJ. Early cortical auditory evoked response in anaesthesia: Comparison of the effects of nitrous oxide and isoflurane. Br J Anaesth 1989: 62: 61-65.
    • (1989) Br J Anaesth , vol.62 , pp. 61-65
    • Newton, D.E.F.1    Thornton, C.2    Creagh-Barry, P.3    Doré, C.J.4
  • 172
    • 10244249589 scopus 로고
    • Effects of thiopentone on mid-latency auditory evoked potentials
    • abstract
    • Schwender D, Klasing S, Faber-Zuellig E, Peter K. Effects of thiopentone on mid-latency auditory evoked potentials. Anesth Analg 1992: 74: S270 (abstract).
    • (1992) Anesth Analg , vol.74
    • Schwender, D.1    Klasing, S.2    Faber-Zuellig, E.3    Peter, K.4
  • 175
    • 0026749917 scopus 로고
    • Auditory evoked response and awareness: A study in volunteers at sub-MAC concentrations of isoflurane
    • Newton DEF, Thornton C, Konieczko KM, Jordan C, Webster NR, Luff NP, et al. Auditory evoked response and awareness: A study in volunteers at sub-MAC concentrations of isoflurane. Br J Anaesth 1992: 69: 122-129.
    • (1992) Br J Anaesth , vol.69 , pp. 122-129
    • Newton, D.E.F.1    Thornton, C.2    Konieczko, K.M.3    Jordan, C.4    Webster, N.R.5    Luff, N.P.6
  • 176
    • 0028216963 scopus 로고
    • Midlatency auditory evoked potentials and explicit and implicit memory in patients undergoing cardiac surgery
    • Schwender D, Kaiser A, Klasing S, Peter K, Poeppel E. Midlatency auditory evoked potentials and explicit and implicit memory in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 1994: 80: 493-501.
    • (1994) Anesthesiology , vol.80 , pp. 493-501
    • Schwender, D.1    Kaiser, A.2    Klasing, S.3    Peter, K.4    Poeppel, E.5
  • 177
    • 0043095165 scopus 로고
    • Midlatency auditory evoked potentials indicate wakefulness during caesarean section
    • Schwender D, Klasing S, Madler C, Poeppel E, Peter K. Midlatency auditory evoked potentials indicate wakefulness during caesarean section. Eur J Anaesth 1994: 11: 147-148.
    • (1994) Eur J Anaesth , vol.11 , pp. 147-148
    • Schwender, D.1    Klasing, S.2    Madler, C.3    Poeppel, E.4    Peter, K.5
  • 179
    • 0026053059 scopus 로고
    • Changes in amplitude and latency of the P300 component of the auditory evoked potential with sedative and anaesthetic concentrations of nitrous oxide
    • Jessop J, Griffiths DE, Furness P, Jones JG, Sapsford DJ, Breckon DA. Changes in amplitude and latency of the P300 component of the auditory evoked potential with sedative and anaesthetic concentrations of nitrous oxide. Br J Anaesth 1991: 67: 524-531.
    • (1991) Br J Anaesth , vol.67 , pp. 524-531
    • Jessop, J.1    Griffiths, D.E.2    Furness, P.3    Jones, J.G.4    Sapsford, D.J.5    Breckon, D.A.6
  • 180
    • 0029033891 scopus 로고
    • The P300 event-related potential during propofol sedation: A possible marker for amnesia?
    • Reinsel RA, Veselis RA, Wronski M, Marino P. The P300 event-related potential during propofol sedation: A possible marker for amnesia? Br J Anaesth 1995: 74: 674-680.
    • (1995) Br J Anaesth , vol.74 , pp. 674-680
    • Reinsel, R.A.1    Veselis, R.A.2    Wronski, M.3    Marino, P.4
  • 182
    • 0021687552 scopus 로고
    • Past, present, and future applications of the auditory middle latency response
    • Musiek FE, Geurkink NA, Weider DJ, Donnelly K. Past, present, and future applications of the auditory middle latency response. Laryngoscope 1984: 94: 1545-1553.
    • (1984) Laryngoscope , vol.94 , pp. 1545-1553
    • Musiek, F.E.1    Geurkink, N.A.2    Weider, D.J.3    Donnelly, K.4
  • 183
    • 0025147097 scopus 로고
    • Human auditory steady-state response during general anesthesia
    • Plourde G, Picton TW. Human auditory steady-state response during general anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1990: 71: 460-468.
    • (1990) Anesth Analg , vol.71 , pp. 460-468
    • Plourde, G.1    Picton, T.W.2
  • 184
    • 0025861853 scopus 로고
    • The auditor steady state response during sufentanil anaesthesia
    • Plourde G, Boylan JF. The auditor steady state response during sufentanil anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1991: 66: 683-691.
    • (1991) Br J Anaesth , vol.66 , pp. 683-691
    • Plourde, G.1    Boylan, J.F.2
  • 186
    • 0027380551 scopus 로고
    • Coherent frequency of the EEG: Validation of an auditory steady state response method
    • Jones JG. Coherent frequency of the EEG: Validation of an auditory steady state response method. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1993: 37: 99-101.
    • (1993) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.37 , pp. 99-101
    • Jones, J.G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.