메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 9, 1996, Pages 1073-1086

Awareness in anaesthesia: Incidence, consequences and prevention

Author keywords

Anesthesia: general; Anesthetics: volatile, intravenous; Complications: awareness; Memory: explicit, implicit; Monitoring: EEG, evoked potentials, peripheral nerve stimulation; Neuromuscular blockade

Indexed keywords

ANESTHESIA; ANESTHESIA LEVEL; AWARENESS; CESAREAN SECTION; CONSCIOUSNESS; HEART SURGERY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TRAUMATOLOGY;

EID: 0029904439     PISSN: 00015172     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1996.tb05569.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (57)

References (216)
  • 1
    • 0008029912 scopus 로고
    • Operations without pain
    • Unattributed. Operations without pain. Lancet 1847: i: 77-79.
    • (1847) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 77-79
  • 3
    • 50349148425 scopus 로고
    • Curare in anesthesia
    • Editorial. Curare in anesthesia. Lancet 1945: ii: 81-82.
    • (1945) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 81-82
  • 4
    • 84946634489 scopus 로고
    • Unconscious perception of meaningful sounds under surgical anesthesia as revealed under hypnosis
    • Cheek DB. Unconscious perception of meaningful sounds under surgical anesthesia as revealed under hypnosis. Am J Clin Hypn 1959: 1:101-113.
    • (1959) Am J Clin Hypn , vol.1 , pp. 101-113
    • Cheek, D.B.1
  • 5
    • 0016844704 scopus 로고
    • On awakening paralyzed during surgery
    • Blacher RS. On awakening paralyzed during surgery. JAMA 1975: 234: 67-68.
    • (1975) JAMA , vol.234 , pp. 67-68
    • Blacher, R.S.1
  • 6
    • 0023934082 scopus 로고
    • Information-processing under general anesthesia: A review
    • Goldmann L. Information-processing under general anesthesia: A review. J Roy Soc Med 1988: 81: 224-227.
    • (1988) J Roy Soc Med , vol.81 , pp. 224-227
    • Goldmann, L.1
  • 7
    • 0025296246 scopus 로고
    • Does opioid "anesthesia" exist?
    • Hug CC. Does opioid "anesthesia" exist? Anesthesiology 1990: 73: 1-4.
    • (1990) Anesthesiology , vol.73 , pp. 1-4
    • Hug, C.C.1
  • 8
    • 0000123933 scopus 로고
    • Are opioids anesthetics? Intravenous opioid anesthetics
    • Miller RD, ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone
    • Bailey FL, Stanley TH. Are opioids anesthetics? Intravenous opioid anesthetics. In: Miller RD, ed. Anesthesia. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1994: 290-293.
    • (1994) Anesthesia , pp. 290-293
    • Bailey, F.L.1    Stanley, T.H.2
  • 9
    • 0001275041 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring depth of anesthesia
    • Miller RD, ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone
    • Stanski DR. Monitoring depth of anesthesia. In: Miller RD, ed. Anesthesia. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1994: 1001-1029.
    • (1994) Anesthesia , pp. 1001-1029
    • Stanski, D.R.1
  • 10
    • 0025147425 scopus 로고
    • Awareness and memory in anesthetized patients
    • Griffith D, Jones JG. Awareness and memory in anesthetized patients. Br J Anaeth 1990: 65: 603-606.
    • (1990) Br J Anaeth , vol.65 , pp. 603-606
    • Griffith, D.1    Jones, J.G.2
  • 11
    • 0025913971 scopus 로고
    • Conscious awareness during general anesthesia - What are we attempting to monitor?
    • Jessop J, Jones JG. Conscious awareness during general anesthesia - what are we attempting to monitor? Br J Anaesth 1991: 66: 635-637.
    • (1991) Br J Anaesth , vol.66 , pp. 635-637
    • Jessop, J.1    Jones, J.G.2
  • 12
    • 0026570590 scopus 로고
    • Learning and consciousness during general anesthesia
    • Ghoneim MM, Block RI. Learning and consciousness during general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1992; 76: 279-305.
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.76 , pp. 279-305
    • Ghoneim, M.M.1    Block, R.I.2
  • 13
    • 0027514991 scopus 로고
    • Conscious levels during anesthesia
    • Cormack RS. Conscious levels during anesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1993: 71: 469-471.
    • (1993) Br J Anaesth , vol.71 , pp. 469-471
    • Cormack, R.S.1
  • 14
    • 0027289042 scopus 로고
    • Depth of anesthesia
    • Newton DEF Depth of anesthesia. Anesthesia 1993, 48: 367-368.
    • (1993) Anesthesia , vol.48 , pp. 367-368
    • Newton, D.E.F.1
  • 15
    • 0028115968 scopus 로고
    • Redefining anesthesia management
    • Roizen MF, Saidman LJ. Redefining anesthesia management. Anesthesiology 1994: 80: 251-252
    • (1994) Anesthesiology , vol.80 , pp. 251-252
    • Roizen, M.F.1    Saidman, L.J.2
  • 16
    • 0001275041 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring depth of anesthesia
    • Miller RD, ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone
    • Stanski DR. Monitoring depth of anesthesia. In: Miller RD, ed. Anesthesia. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1994: 1127-1159.
    • (1994) Anesthesia , pp. 1127-1159
    • Stanski, D.R.1
  • 17
    • 0041581820 scopus 로고
    • The mind during surgery: The uncertain effects of anesthesia
    • Bennett HL. The mind during surgery: The uncertain effects of anesthesia. Advances 1993: 9: 5-16.
    • (1993) Advances , vol.9 , pp. 5-16
    • Bennett, H.L.1
  • 18
    • 0021454279 scopus 로고
    • Awareness during surgery
    • Blacher RS. Awareness during surgery. Anesthesiology 1984: 61: 1-2.
    • (1984) Anesthesiology , vol.61 , pp. 1-2
    • Blacher, R.S.1
  • 20
    • 0022547298 scopus 로고
    • Advertizing during anesthesia?
    • Editorial. Advertizing during anesthesia? Lancet 1986: ii: 1019-1020.
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1019-1020
  • 21
    • 85048353080 scopus 로고
    • Anaesthesia, awareness and automation
    • Saunders D. Anaesthesia, awareness and automation. Br J Anaesth 1981: 53: 1-3.
    • (1981) Br J Anaesth , vol.53 , pp. 1-3
    • Saunders, D.1
  • 22
    • 0023444831 scopus 로고
    • The EEC and awareness during anaesthesia
    • Mori K. The EEC and awareness during anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 1987: 42: 1153-1155.
    • (1987) Anaesthesia , vol.42 , pp. 1153-1155
    • Mori, K.1
  • 25
    • 77049163008 scopus 로고
    • Di-ethyl ether analgesia: A detailed description of the first stage of ether analgesia in man
    • Artusio JF, Jr. Di-ethyl ether analgesia: a detailed description of the first stage of ether analgesia in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1954: 111: 343.
    • (1954) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.111 , pp. 343
    • Artusio Jr., J.F.1
  • 26
    • 0023639325 scopus 로고
    • Anesthesia: A practical or impractical construct?
    • Prys-Roberts C. Anesthesia: A practical or impractical construct? Br J Anaesth 1987: 59: 1341-1345.
    • (1987) Br J Anaesth , vol.59 , pp. 1341-1345
    • Prys-Roberts, C.1
  • 27
    • 0027511854 scopus 로고
    • General anesthetic action: An obsolete notion?
    • Kissin I. General anesthetic action: An obsolete notion? Anesth Analg 1993: 76: 215-218.
    • (1993) Anesth Analg , vol.76 , pp. 215-218
    • Kissin, I.1
  • 28
    • 0021089591 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of anaesthetic action of morphine and fentanyl in rats
    • Kissin I, Kerr CR, Smith LR. Assessment of anaesthetic action of morphine and fentanyl in rats. Can Anaesth Soc J 1983: 30: 623-628.
    • (1983) Can Anaesth Soc J , vol.30 , pp. 623-628
    • Kissin, I.1    Kerr, C.R.2    Smith, L.R.3
  • 29
    • 0021951267 scopus 로고
    • Reserpine-induced changes in anesthetic action of fentanyl
    • Kissin I, Brown PT. Reserpine-induced changes in anesthetic action of fentanyl. Anesthesiology 1985: 62: 597-600.
    • (1985) Anesthesiology , vol.62 , pp. 597-600
    • Kissin, I.1    Brown, P.T.2
  • 30
    • 0023581986 scopus 로고
    • Morphine and fentanyl hypnotic interactions with thiopental
    • Kissin I, Mason JO III, Bradley EL Jr. Morphine and fentanyl hypnotic interactions with thiopental. Anesthesiology 1987: 67: 331-335.
    • (1987) Anesthesiology , vol.67 , pp. 331-335
    • Kissin, I.1    Mason III, J.O.2    Bradley Jr., E.L.3
  • 31
    • 0019785260 scopus 로고
    • The indicies of potency for intravenous anaesthetics
    • Kissin I, McGee T, Smith LR. The indicies of potency for intravenous anaesthetics. Can Anaesth Soc J 1981: 28: 585-590.
    • (1981) Can Anaesth Soc J , vol.28 , pp. 585-590
    • Kissin, I.1    McGee, T.2    Smith, L.R.3
  • 32
    • 0019449075 scopus 로고
    • Anesthetic potencies and the unitary theory of narcosis
    • Deady J, Koblin DD, Eger EI II. Anesthetic potencies and the unitary theory of narcosis. Anesth Analg 1981: 60: 380-386.
    • (1981) Anesth Analg , vol.60 , pp. 380-386
    • Deady, J.1    Koblin, D.D.2    Eger II, E.I.3
  • 33
    • 0013815474 scopus 로고
    • Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration: A standard of anesthetic potency
    • Eger EI II, Saidman LJ, Brandstater B. Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration: A standard of anesthetic potency. Anesthesiology 1965: 26: 756-763.
    • (1965) Anesthesiology , vol.26 , pp. 756-763
    • Eger II, E.I.1    Saidman, L.J.2    Brandstater, B.3
  • 34
    • 0026451019 scopus 로고
    • Effects of isoflurane and nitrous oxide in subanesthetic concentrations on memory and responsiveness in volunteers
    • Dwyer R, Bennett HL, Eger EI II, Heilbron D. Effects of isoflurane and nitrous oxide in subanesthetic concentrations on memory and responsiveness in volunteers. Anesthesiology 1992: 77: 888-898.
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.77 , pp. 888-898
    • Dwyer, R.1    Bennett, H.L.2    Eger II, E.I.3    Heilbron, D.4
  • 35
    • 0021339764 scopus 로고
    • Nitrous oxide markedly increases cerebral cortical metabolic rate and blood flow in the goat
    • Pelligrino DA, Miletich DJ, Hoffman WE, Albrecht RF. Nitrous oxide markedly increases cerebral cortical metabolic rate and blood flow in the goat. Anesthesiology 1984: 60: 405-412.
    • (1984) Anesthesiology , vol.60 , pp. 405-412
    • Pelligrino, D.A.1    Miletich, D.J.2    Hoffman, W.E.3    Albrecht, R.F.4
  • 36
    • 0015800566 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic excitation during nitrous oxide-halothane anesthesia in the cat
    • Fukunaga AF, Epstein RM. Sympathetic excitation during nitrous oxide-halothane anesthesia in the cat. Anesthesiology 1973: 39: 23-36.
    • (1973) Anesthesiology , vol.39 , pp. 23-36
    • Fukunaga, A.F.1    Epstein, R.M.2
  • 37
    • 0014788486 scopus 로고
    • The cardiovascular and sympathomimetic responses to the addition of nitrous oxide to halothane in man
    • Smith NT, Eger EI II, Stoelting RK. The cardiovascular and sympathomimetic responses to the addition of nitrous oxide to halothane in man. Anesthesiology 1970: 32: 410-421.
    • (1970) Anesthesiology , vol.32 , pp. 410-421
    • Smith, N.T.1    Eger II, E.I.2    Stoelting, R.K.3
  • 38
    • 0014820833 scopus 로고
    • Minimum alveolar concentrations in man on awakening from methoxyflurane, halothane, ether and fluroxene anesthesia: MAC awake
    • Stoelting RK, Longnecker DE, Eger EI II. Minimum alveolar concentrations in man on awakening from methoxyflurane, halothane, ether and fluroxene anesthesia: MAC awake. Anesthesiology 1970: 33: 5-9.
    • (1970) Anesthesiology , vol.33 , pp. 5-9
    • Stoelting, R.K.1    Longnecker, D.E.2    Eger II, E.I.3
  • 40
    • 0019215137 scopus 로고
    • In search of the mechanism of anesthesia
    • Richards CD. In search of the mechanism of anesthesia. Trends Neurosci 1980: 3: 9-13.
    • (1980) Trends Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 9-13
    • Richards, C.D.1
  • 41
    • 0023221417 scopus 로고
    • What is the molecular nature of general anesthetic target sites
    • Franks NP, Lieb WR. What is the molecular nature of general anesthetic target sites. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1987: 8: 169-175.
    • (1987) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.8 , pp. 169-175
    • Franks, N.P.1    Lieb, W.R.2
  • 42
    • 0019153594 scopus 로고
    • Membrane and cellular actions of anesthetic agents
    • Roth SH. Membrane and cellular actions of anesthetic agents. Fed Proc 1980c: 39: 1595.
    • (1980) Fed Proc , vol.39 , pp. 1595
    • Roth, S.H.1
  • 43
    • 0020527233 scopus 로고
    • Actions of general anesthetics on synaptic transmission in the CNS
    • Richards CR. Actions of general anesthetics on synaptic transmission in the CNS. Br J Anaesth 1983: 55: 201-207.
    • (1983) Br J Anaesth , vol.55 , pp. 201-207
    • Richards, C.R.1
  • 44
    • 0023019380 scopus 로고
    • Differential actions of a volatile anesthetic agents on a single isolated neurone
    • Weston GA, Roth SH. Differential actions of a volatile anesthetic agents on a single isolated neurone. Br J Anaesth 1986: 58: 1390-1396.
    • (1986) Br J Anaesth , vol.58 , pp. 1390-1396
    • Weston, G.A.1    Roth, S.H.2
  • 45
    • 0023259905 scopus 로고
    • The effects of general anaesthetics on GABAergic synaptic transmission
    • Keane PE, Biziere K. The effects of general anaesthetics on GABAergic synaptic transmission. Life Sci 1987: 41: 1437-1448.
    • (1987) Life Sci , vol.41 , pp. 1437-1448
    • Keane, P.E.1    Biziere, K.2
  • 46
    • 0022447881 scopus 로고
    • The effect of isoflurane on unmyelinated and myelinated fibres in the rat brain
    • Berg-Johnsen J, Langmoen IA. The effect of isoflurane on unmyelinated and myelinated fibres in the rat brain. Acta Physiol Scand 1986: 127: 87-93.
    • (1986) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.127 , pp. 87-93
    • Berg-Johnsen, J.1    Langmoen, I.A.2
  • 47
    • 0023024238 scopus 로고
    • Isoflurane effects in rat hippocampal cortex: A quantitative evaluation of different cellular sites of action
    • Berg-Johnsen J, Langmoen IA. Isoflurane effects in rat hippocampal cortex: A quantitative evaluation of different cellular sites of action. Acta Physiol Scand 1986: 128: 613-618.
    • (1986) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.128 , pp. 613-618
    • Berg-Johnsen, J.1    Langmoen, I.A.2
  • 48
    • 0028891876 scopus 로고
    • Volatile anaesthetics: Cellular mechanisms of action
    • Langmoen IA, Larsen M, Berg-Johnsen J. Volatile anaesthetics: Cellular mechanisms of action. Eur J Anaesth 1995: 12: 51-58.
    • (1995) Eur J Anaesth , vol.12 , pp. 51-58
    • Langmoen, I.A.1    Larsen, M.2    Berg-Johnsen, J.3
  • 49
    • 0025129310 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms concerned in the direct effect of isoflurane on rat hippocampal and human neocortical neurones
    • Berg-Johnsen J, Langmoen IA. Mechanisms concerned in the direct effect of isoflurane on rat hippocampal and human neocortical neurones. Brain Res 1990: 507: 28-34.
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.507 , pp. 28-34
    • Berg-Johnsen, J.1    Langmoen, I.A.2
  • 50
    • 0024424165 scopus 로고
    • Effect of volatile anesthetics on synaptic transmission in the rat hippocampus
    • Pearce RA, Stringer JL, Lothman EW. Effect of volatile anesthetics on synaptic transmission in the rat hippocampus. Anesthesiology 1989: 71: 591-598.
    • (1989) Anesthesiology , vol.71 , pp. 591-598
    • Pearce, R.A.1    Stringer, J.L.2    Lothman, E.W.3
  • 51
    • 0026778628 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor dose-dependently and reversibly reduces the threshold for halothane anesthesia
    • Johns RA, Moscicki JC, DiFazio CA. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor dose-dependently and reversibly reduces the threshold for halothane anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1992: 77: 779-784.
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.77 , pp. 779-784
    • Johns, R.A.1    Moscicki, J.C.2    DiFazio, C.A.3
  • 52
    • 0029053437 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide and minimum alveolar concentration. TKO or Knockout?
    • Johns RA. Nitric oxide and minimum alveolar concentration. TKO or Knockout? Anesthesiology 1995: 83: 6-7.
    • (1995) Anesthesiology , vol.83 , pp. 6-7
    • Johns, R.A.1
  • 53
    • 0028263227 scopus 로고
    • Halothane anesthesia causes decreased acetylcholine release in the pontine reticular formation and increased EEG spindles
    • Keifer JC, Baghdoyan HA, Becker L, Lydic R. Halothane anesthesia causes decreased acetylcholine release in the pontine reticular formation and increased EEG spindles. Neuroreport 1994: 5: 577-580.
    • (1994) Neuroreport , vol.5 , pp. 577-580
    • Keifer, J.C.1    Baghdoyan, H.A.2    Becker, L.3    Lydic, R.4
  • 55
    • 0021958814 scopus 로고
    • Lipid solubility, pharmacokinetics, and the EEG: Are you better off today than you were four years ago?
    • Hug CC. Lipid solubility, pharmacokinetics, and the EEG: Are you better off today than you were four years ago? Anesthesiology 1985: 62: 221-226.
    • (1985) Anesthesiology , vol.62 , pp. 221-226
    • Hug, C.C.1
  • 56
    • 0025307713 scopus 로고
    • Bezodiazepines and human memory: A review
    • Ghoneim MM, Mewaldt SP. Bezodiazepines and human memory: A review. Anesthesiology 1990: 72: 926-938.
    • (1990) Anesthesiology , vol.72 , pp. 926-938
    • Ghoneim, M.M.1    Mewaldt, S.P.2
  • 58
    • 0023925830 scopus 로고
    • Physiological mechanisms underlying long-term potentiation
    • Gustafsson B, Wigstrøm H. Physiological mechanisms underlying long-term potentiation. Trends Neurosci 1988: 11: 156-162.
    • (1988) Trends Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 156-162
    • Gustafsson, B.1    Wigstrøm, H.2
  • 59
    • 0023915822 scopus 로고
    • Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission: NMDA receptors and Hebb-type synaptic plasticity
    • Cotman CW, Monaghan DT, Ganong AH. Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission: NMDA receptors and Hebb-type synaptic plasticity. Annu Rev Neurosci 1988: 11: 61-80.
    • (1988) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 61-80
    • Cotman, C.W.1    Monaghan, D.T.2    Ganong, A.H.3
  • 60
    • 0023219059 scopus 로고
    • Non-competitive antagonists of excitatory amino acids
    • Kemp JA, Foster AC, Wong EH. Non-competitive antagonists of excitatory amino acids. Trends Nenrosci 1988: 11: 294-298.
    • (1988) Trends Nenrosci , vol.11 , pp. 294-298
    • Kemp, J.A.1    Foster, A.C.2    Wong, E.H.3
  • 61
    • 0027256317 scopus 로고
    • Central neuronal pathways and the process of anesthesia
    • Angel A. Central neuronal pathways and the process of anesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1993: 71: 148-163.
    • (1993) Br J Anaesth , vol.71 , pp. 148-163
    • Angel, A.1
  • 62
    • 0021150099 scopus 로고
    • Anesthetics and exitatory / inhibitory responses of midbrain reticular neurons
    • Shimoji K, Fujioka H, Fukazawa T, Hashiba M, Maruyama Y. Anesthetics and exitatory / inhibitory responses of midbrain reticular neurons. Anesthesiology 1984: 61: 151-155.
    • (1984) Anesthesiology , vol.61 , pp. 151-155
    • Shimoji, K.1    Fujioka, H.2    Fukazawa, T.3    Hashiba, M.4    Maruyama, Y.5
  • 63
    • 0027530369 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous pontine and basal forebrain microinjections of carbachol suppress REM sleep
    • Baghdoyan HA, Spotts JL, Snider SG. Simultaneous pontine and basal forebrain microinjections of carbachol suppress REM sleep. J Neurosci 1993: 13: 227-240.
    • (1993) J Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 227-240
    • Baghdoyan, H.A.1    Spotts, J.L.2    Snider, S.G.3
  • 64
    • 0028355035 scopus 로고
    • Sleep neurobiology. Relevance for mechanistic studies of anesthesia
    • Lydic R, Biebuyck JF: Sleep neurobiology. Relevance for mechanistic studies of anesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1994: 72: 506-508.
    • (1994) Br J Anaesth , vol.72 , pp. 506-508
    • Lydic, R.1    Biebuyck, J.F.2
  • 65
    • 0022597659 scopus 로고
    • Hearing and memory in anesthetized patients
    • Jones JG, Konieczko K. Hearing and memory in anesthetized patients. Br Med J 1986: 292: 1291-1293.
    • (1986) Br Med J , vol.292 , pp. 1291-1293
    • Jones, J.G.1    Konieczko, K.2
  • 67
    • 19744365724 scopus 로고
    • Implicit memory: History and current status
    • Schacter DL. Implicit memory: History and current status. J Exp Psych Learn Mem Cogn 1987: 13: 501-518.
    • (1987) J Exp Psych Learn Mem Cogn , vol.13 , pp. 501-518
    • Schacter, D.L.1
  • 68
    • 0022639880 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of memory
    • Squire LR. Mechanisms of memory. Science 1986: 232: 1612-1619.
    • (1986) Science , vol.232 , pp. 1612-1619
    • Squire, L.R.1
  • 70
    • 0021930252 scopus 로고
    • The effect of high dose sodium thiopental on brain stem auditory and median nerve somatosensory evoked responses in humans
    • Drummond JC, Todd MM, Hoi Sang U. The effect of high dose sodium thiopental on brain stem auditory and median nerve somatosensory evoked responses in humans. Anesthesiology 1985: 63: 249-254.
    • (1985) Anesthesiology , vol.63 , pp. 249-254
    • Drummond, J.C.1    Todd, M.M.2    Hoi Sang, U.3
  • 72
    • 0028923434 scopus 로고
    • Subanesthetic concentrations of desflurane and isoflurane suppress explicit and implicit learning
    • Gonsowski CT, Chortkoff BS, Eger EI II, Bennett HL, Weiskopf RB. Subanesthetic concentrations of desflurane and isoflurane suppress explicit and implicit learning. Anesth Analg 1995: 80: 568-572.
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.80 , pp. 568-572
    • Gonsowski, C.T.1    Chortkoff, B.S.2    Eger II, E.I.3    Bennett, H.L.4    Weiskopf, R.B.5
  • 73
    • 10244240973 scopus 로고
    • Are our patients listening?
    • American Society of Anesthesiologists
    • Sebel PS. Are our patients listening? ASA Newsletter (American Society of Anesthesiologists) 1994: 58: 7-9.
    • (1994) ASA Newsletter , vol.58 , pp. 7-9
    • Sebel, P.S.1
  • 74
    • 0021325532 scopus 로고
    • Epinephrine enables Pavlovian fear conditioning under anesthesia
    • Weinberger NM, Gold PE, Sternberg DB. Epinephrine enables Pavlovian fear conditioning under anesthesia. Science 1984: 223: 605-607.
    • (1984) Science , vol.223 , pp. 605-607
    • Weinberger, N.M.1    Gold, P.E.2    Sternberg, D.B.3
  • 75
    • 0021877233 scopus 로고
    • Maternal and neonatal responses related to the volatile agent used to maintain anaesthesia at caesarean section
    • Crawford JS, Lewis M, Davies P. Maternal and neonatal responses related to the volatile agent used to maintain anaesthesia at caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 1985: 57: 482-487.
    • (1985) Br J Anaesth , vol.57 , pp. 482-487
    • Crawford, J.S.1    Lewis, M.2    Davies, P.3
  • 77
    • 0027399920 scopus 로고
    • Midazolam-alfentanil: An anaesthetic? An investigation using the isolated forearm technique
    • Russel IF. Midazolam-alfentanil: An anaesthetic? An investigation using the isolated forearm technique. Br J Anaesth 1993: 70: 42-46.
    • (1993) Br J Anaesth , vol.70 , pp. 42-46
    • Russel, I.F.1
  • 78
    • 0014802382 scopus 로고
    • A simple study of awareness and dreaming during anaesthesia
    • Brice DD, Hetherington RR, Utting JE. A simple study of awareness and dreaming during anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1970: 42: 535-542.
    • (1970) Br J Anaesth , vol.42 , pp. 535-542
    • Brice, D.D.1    Hetherington, R.R.2    Utting, J.E.3
  • 79
    • 0015302957 scopus 로고
    • Awareness during general anaesthesia
    • Scott DL. Awareness during general anaesthesia. Can Anaesth Soc J 1972: 19: 173-183.
    • (1972) Can Anaesth Soc J , vol.19 , pp. 173-183
    • Scott, D.L.1
  • 80
    • 0017648144 scopus 로고
    • Awareness during anaesthesia
    • Agarwal G, Sikh SS. Awareness during anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1977: 49: 835-838.
    • (1977) Br J Anaesth , vol.49 , pp. 835-838
    • Agarwal, G.1    Sikh, S.S.2
  • 82
    • 0018725907 scopus 로고
    • Awareness, muscle relaxants and balanced anaesthesia
    • Mainzer J. Awareness, muscle relaxants and balanced anaesthesia. Can Anaesth Soc J 1979: 26: 386-393.
    • (1979) Can Anaesth Soc J , vol.26 , pp. 386-393
    • Mainzer, J.1
  • 83
    • 0015012304 scopus 로고
    • Dreaming associated with anaesthesia: The influence of morphine premedication and two volatile adjuvants
    • Harris TJB, Brice DD, Hetherington RR, Utting JE. Dreaming associated with anaesthesia: The influence of morphine premedication and two volatile adjuvants. Br J Anaesth 1971: 43: 172-179.
    • (1971) Br J Anaesth , vol.43 , pp. 172-179
    • Harris, T.J.B.1    Brice, D.D.2    Hetherington, R.R.3    Utting, J.E.4
  • 84
    • 0015887645 scopus 로고
    • Awareness during anaesthesia: A comparison of anaesthesia with nitrous oxide-oxygen and nitrous oxide-oxygen with innovar
    • Browne RA, Catton DV. Awareness during anaesthesia: A comparison of anaesthesia with nitrous oxide-oxygen and nitrous oxide-oxygen with innovar. Can Anaesth Soc J 1973: 20: 763-768.
    • (1973) Can Anaesth Soc J , vol.20 , pp. 763-768
    • Browne, R.A.1    Catton, D.V.2
  • 85
    • 0015318138 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of psychologic responses to ketamine and thiopental-nitrous oxide-halothane anesthesia
    • Garfield JM, Garfield FB, Stone JG, Hopkins D, Johns LA. A comparison of psychologic responses to ketamine and thiopental-nitrous oxide-halothane anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1972: 36: 329-335.
    • (1972) Anesthesiology , vol.36 , pp. 329-335
    • Garfield, J.M.1    Garfield, F.B.2    Stone, J.G.3    Hopkins, D.4    Johns, L.A.5
  • 86
    • 0015993624 scopus 로고
    • Abdominal and thoracic surgery in adults with ketamine, nitrous oxide, and d-tubocurarine
    • Vaughan RW, Stephen CR. Abdominal and thoracic surgery in adults with ketamine, nitrous oxide, and d-tubocurarine. Anesth Analg 1974: 53: 271-280
    • (1974) Anesth Analg , vol.53 , pp. 271-280
    • Vaughan, R.W.1    Stephen, C.R.2
  • 88
    • 0000896113 scopus 로고
    • Awareness during surgery
    • Hutchinson R. Awareness during surgery. Br J Anaesth 1960: 33: 463-469.
    • (1960) Br J Anaesth , vol.33 , pp. 463-469
    • Hutchinson, R.1
  • 89
    • 0016725271 scopus 로고
    • Awareness, dreams, and hallucinations associated with general anesthesia
    • Wilson SL, Vaughan RW, Stephen CR. Awareness, dreams, and hallucinations associated with general anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1975: 54: 609-617.
    • (1975) Anesth Analg , vol.54 , pp. 609-617
    • Wilson, S.L.1    Vaughan, R.W.2    Stephen, C.R.3
  • 90
    • 0021882188 scopus 로고
    • Balanced anesthesia: Does it anesthetize?
    • Russel IF. Balanced anesthesia: Does it anesthetize? Anesth Analg 1985: 64: 941-942
    • (1985) Anesth Analg , vol.64 , pp. 941-942
    • Russel, I.F.1
  • 91
    • 0022481523 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of wakefulness with two anaesthetic regimens
    • Russel IF. Comparison of wakefulness with two anaesthetic regimens. Br J Anaesth 1986: 58: 965-968.
    • (1986) Br J Anaesth , vol.58 , pp. 965-968
    • Russel, I.F.1
  • 92
    • 0000746051 scopus 로고
    • The incidence of conscious awareness in a general population of anesthetized patients
    • Jordening H, Pedersen T. The incidence of conscious awareness in a general population of anesthetized patients. Anesthesiology 1991: 75: A1055.
    • (1991) Anesthesiology , vol.75
    • Jordening, H.1    Pedersen, T.2
  • 94
    • 0020696349 scopus 로고
    • Patient awareness during nitrous oxide, oxygen. and halothane anesthesia
    • Saucier N, Walts LF, Moreland JR. Patient awareness during nitrous oxide, oxygen. and halothane anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1983: 62: 239-240.
    • (1983) Anesth Analg , vol.62 , pp. 239-240
    • Saucier, N.1    Walts, L.F.2    Moreland, J.R.3
  • 95
    • 0014274485 scopus 로고
    • Consciousness during apparent surgical anaesthesia
    • Bahl CP, Wadwa S. Consciousness during apparent surgical anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1968: 40: 289-291.
    • (1968) Br J Anaesth , vol.40 , pp. 289-291
    • Bahl, C.P.1    Wadwa, S.2
  • 96
    • 0016248291 scopus 로고
    • Awareness during laparoscopy under general anesthesia: A case report
    • Tantisira B, McKenzie R. Awareness during laparoscopy under general anesthesia: A case report. Anesth Analg 1974: 53: 373-374.
    • (1974) Anesth Analg , vol.53 , pp. 373-374
    • Tantisira, B.1    McKenzie, R.2
  • 97
    • 0026654530 scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative awareness with propofol-oxygen total intravenous anesthesia for microlaryngeal surgery
    • Kelly JS, Roy RC. Intraoperative awareness with propofol-oxygen total intravenous anesthesia for microlaryngeal surgery. Anesthesiology 1992: 77: 207-209
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.77 , pp. 207-209
    • Kelly, J.S.1    Roy, R.C.2
  • 98
    • 0027012770 scopus 로고
    • Propofol and awareness III
    • Bennett S. Propofol and awareness III. Anesthesiology 1992: 77: 1232-1233.
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.77 , pp. 1232-1233
    • Bennett, S.1
  • 100
    • 0027374084 scopus 로고
    • Awareness during total IV anaesthesia
    • Sandin R, Nordstrøm O. Awareness during total IV anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1993: 71: 782-787.
    • (1993) Br J Anaesth , vol.71 , pp. 782-787
    • Sandin, R.1    Nordstrøm, O.2
  • 103
    • 0017098225 scopus 로고
    • Diazepam-ketamine anaesthesia for open-heart surgery: A 'micro-mini'drip infusion technique
    • Hatano S, Keane DM, Boggs RE. Diazepam-ketamine anaesthesia for open-heart surgery: A 'micro-mini'drip infusion technique. Can Anaesth Soc J 1976: 23: 648-656.
    • (1976) Can Anaesth Soc J , vol.23 , pp. 648-656
    • Hatano, S.1    Keane, D.M.2    Boggs, R.E.3
  • 104
    • 0018147525 scopus 로고
    • Recall following ketamine anesthesia for open-heart surgery: Report of a case
    • Kumar SM, Pandit SK, Jackson PF. Recall following ketamine anesthesia for open-heart surgery: Report of a case. Anesth Analg 1978: 57: 267-269.
    • (1978) Anesth Analg , vol.57 , pp. 267-269
    • Kumar, S.M.1    Pandit, S.K.2    Jackson, P.F.3
  • 105
    • 0019419881 scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative awareness during high-dose fentanyl-oxygen anesthesia
    • Hilgenberg JC. Intraoperative awareness during high-dose fentanyl-oxygen anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1981: 54: 341-343.
    • (1981) Anesthesiology , vol.54 , pp. 341-343
    • Hilgenberg, J.C.1
  • 106
    • 0019167254 scopus 로고
    • Awareness and recall with high-dose fentanyl-oxygen anesthesia
    • Mummanemi N, Rao TLK, Montoya A. Awareness and recall with high-dose fentanyl-oxygen anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1980: 59: 948-949.
    • (1980) Anesth Analg , vol.59 , pp. 948-949
    • Mummanemi, N.1    Rao, T.L.K.2    Montoya, A.3
  • 107
  • 109
    • 0017323901 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic response to different anesthetics during open-heart surgery
    • Maunuksela E-L. Hemodynamic response to different anesthetics during open-heart surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1977: 65: 43.
    • (1977) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.65 , pp. 43
    • Maunuksela, E.-L.1
  • 110
    • 0027437394 scopus 로고
    • Recall of intraoperative events after general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass
    • Phillips AA, McLean RF, Devitt JH. Recall of intraoperative events after general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass. Can J Anaesth 1993: 40: 922-926.
    • (1993) Can J Anaesth , vol.40 , pp. 922-926
    • Phillips, A.A.1    McLean, R.F.2    Devitt, J.H.3
  • 111
    • 0020967556 scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative awareness and hypertensive crisis during high-dose fentanyl-diazepam-oxygen anesthesia
    • Mark JB, Greenberg LM. Intraoperative awareness and hypertensive crisis during high-dose fentanyl-diazepam-oxygen anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1983: 62: 698-700.
    • (1983) Anesth Analg , vol.62 , pp. 698-700
    • Mark, J.B.1    Greenberg, L.M.2
  • 112
    • 0014405699 scopus 로고
    • Psychic reactions after analgesia with nitrous oxide for caesarean section
    • Bergstrøm H, Bernstein K. Psychic reactions after analgesia with nitrous oxide for caesarean section. Lancet 1968: ii: 541-542.
    • (1968) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 541-542
    • Bergstrøm, H.1    Bernstein, K.2
  • 114
    • 0014469131 scopus 로고
    • Awareness during caesarean section under general anaesthesia
    • Wilson J, Turner DJ. Awareness during caesarean section under general anaesthesia. Br Med J 1969: 1: 280-283.
    • (1969) Br Med J , vol.1 , pp. 280-283
    • Wilson, J.1    Turner, D.J.2
  • 115
    • 0014739601 scopus 로고
    • Anaesthesia for caesarean section
    • Moir DD. Anaesthesia for caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 1970: 42: 136-142.
    • (1970) Br J Anaesth , vol.42 , pp. 136-142
    • Moir, D.D.1
  • 116
    • 0022542993 scopus 로고
    • Wakefulness during cesarean section after induction with ketamine, thiopental, or ketamine and thiopental combined
    • Schultetus RR, Hill CR, Dharamraj CM, Banner TE, Berman LS. Wakefulness during cesarean section after induction with ketamine, thiopental, or ketamine and thiopental combined. Anesth Analg 1986: 65: 723-728.
    • (1986) Anesth Analg , vol.65 , pp. 723-728
    • Schultetus, R.R.1    Hill, C.R.2    Dharamraj, C.M.3    Banner, T.E.4    Berman, L.S.5
  • 117
    • 0017097359 scopus 로고
    • Effect of morphine-diazepam on signs of anesthesia, awareness, and dreams of patients under nitrous oxide for cesarean section
    • Abouleish E, Taylor FH. Effect of morphine-diazepam on signs of anesthesia, awareness, and dreams of patients under nitrous oxide for cesarean section. Anesth Analg 1976: 55: 702-705
    • (1976) Anesth Analg , vol.55 , pp. 702-705
    • Abouleish, E.1    Taylor, F.H.2
  • 118
    • 0025216649 scopus 로고
    • Detecting awareness during general anaesthetic caesarean section
    • Bogod DG, Orton JK, Oh TE. Detecting awareness during general anaesthetic caesarean section. Anaesthesia 1990: 45: 279-284.
    • (1990) Anaesthesia , vol.45 , pp. 279-284
    • Bogod, D.G.1    Orton, J.K.2    Oh, T.E.3
  • 119
    • 0026011270 scopus 로고
    • Awareness during caesarean section
    • Lyons G, Macdonald R. Awareness during caesarean section. Anaesthesia 1991: 46: 62-64.
    • (1991) Anaesthesia , vol.46 , pp. 62-64
    • Lyons, G.1    Macdonald, R.2
  • 120
    • 0021139155 scopus 로고
    • Recall of surgery for major trauma
    • Bogetz MS, Katz JA. Recall of surgery for major trauma. Anesthesiology 1984: 61: 6-9.
    • (1984) Anesthesiology , vol.61 , pp. 6-9
    • Bogetz, M.S.1    Katz, J.A.2
  • 121
    • 0015864002 scopus 로고
    • Awareness during endotracheal intubation
    • McKenna T, Wilton TNP. Awareness during endotracheal intubation. Anaesthesia 1973: 28: 599-602.
    • (1973) Anaesthesia , vol.28 , pp. 599-602
    • McKenna, T.1    Wilton, T.N.P.2
  • 123
    • 0021251942 scopus 로고
    • The effect of population habits on side effects and narcotic requirements during high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia
    • Stanley TH, deLange S. The effect of population habits on side effects and narcotic requirements during high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia. Can Anaesth Soc J 1984: 31: 368-376.
    • (1984) Can Anaesth Soc J , vol.31 , pp. 368-376
    • Stanley, T.H.1    DeLange, S.2
  • 124
    • 0020959436 scopus 로고
    • Use of fentanyl infusion in the intensive care unit: Tolerance to its anesthetic effects?
    • Shafer A, White PF, Schuettler J, Rosenthal MH. Use of fentanyl infusion in the intensive care unit: Tolerance to its anesthetic effects? Anesthesiology 1983: 59: 245-248.
    • (1983) Anesthesiology , vol.59 , pp. 245-248
    • Shafer, A.1    White, P.F.2    Schuettler, J.3    Rosenthal, M.H.4
  • 125
    • 0015700837 scopus 로고
    • Nitrous oxide-oxygen-relaxant anaesthesia in alcoholics: A retrospective study
    • Tammisto T, Takki S. Nitrous oxide-oxygen-relaxant anaesthesia in alcoholics: A retrospective study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1973: (suppl) 53: 68-75.
    • (1973) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.53 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 68-75
    • Tammisto, T.1    Takki, S.2
  • 126
    • 0017725146 scopus 로고
    • The need for fentanyl supplementation of nitrous oxide-oxygen-relaxant anaesthesia in chronic alcoholics
    • Tammisto T, Tigerstedt I. The need for fentanyl supplementation of nitrous oxide-oxygen-relaxant anaesthesia in chronic alcoholics. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1977: 21: 216-221.
    • (1977) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.21 , pp. 216-221
    • Tammisto, T.1    Tigerstedt, I.2
  • 128
    • 0021021432 scopus 로고
    • Influence of high-dose alfentanil anaesthesia on the electroencephalogram: Correlation with plasma concentrations
    • Bovill JG, Sebel PS, Wauquier A, Rog P, Schuyt HC. Influence of high-dose alfentanil anaesthesia on the electroencephalogram: Correlation with plasma concentrations. Br J Anaesth 1983: 55: 199S-209S.
    • (1983) Br J Anaesth , vol.55
    • Bovill, J.G.1    Sebel, P.S.2    Wauquier, A.3    Rog, P.4    Schuyt, H.C.5
  • 129
    • 0017858617 scopus 로고
    • Anesthetic requirements and cardiovascular effects of fentanyl-oxygen and fentanyl-diazepam-oxygen anesthesia in man
    • Stanley TH, Webster LR. Anesthetic requirements and cardiovascular effects of fentanyl-oxygen and fentanyl-diazepam-oxygen anesthesia in man. Anesth Analg 1978: 57: 411-416.
    • (1978) Anesth Analg , vol.57 , pp. 411-416
    • Stanley, T.H.1    Webster, L.R.2
  • 130
    • 0027160702 scopus 로고
    • Awareness and recall during general anesthesia
    • Moerman N, Bonke B, Oosting J. Awareness and recall during general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1993: 79: 454-464.
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.79 , pp. 454-464
    • Moerman, N.1    Bonke, B.2    Oosting, J.3
  • 131
    • 0001964353 scopus 로고
    • Patients' experiences of awareness during general anaesthesia
    • Rosen M, Lunn JN, eds. London: Butterworth
    • Evans JM. Patients' experiences of awareness during general anaesthesia. In: Rosen M, Lunn JN, eds. Consciousness, Awareness and Pain in General Anaesthesia. London: Butterworth, 1987: 184-192.
    • (1987) Consciousness, Awareness and Pain in General Anaesthesia , pp. 184-192
    • Evans, J.M.1
  • 132
    • 0018506365 scopus 로고
    • On being aware
    • On being aware. Editorial. Br J Anaesth 1979: 51: 711-712.
    • (1979) Br J Anaesth , vol.51 , pp. 711-712
  • 133
    • 10244261986 scopus 로고
    • Personal account of awareness
    • American Society of Anesthesiologists
    • Tracy JM. Personal account of awareness. ASA Newsletter (American Society of Anesthesiologists) 1994: 58: 10-11.
    • (1994) ASA Newsletter , vol.58 , pp. 10-11
    • Tracy, J.M.1
  • 134
    • 10244243006 scopus 로고
    • A case report
    • American Society of Anesthesiologists
    • A case report. ASA Newsletter (American Society of Anesthesiologists) 1994: 58: 14.
    • (1994) ASA Newsletter , vol.58 , pp. 14
  • 135
    • 0026759291 scopus 로고
    • Awareness during anaesthesia and post traumatic stress disorder
    • Macleod AD, Maycock E. Awareness during anaesthesia and post traumatic stress disorder. Anaesth Intensive Care 1992: 20: 378-382.
    • (1992) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.20 , pp. 378-382
    • Macleod, A.D.1    Maycock, E.2
  • 136
    • 0025270206 scopus 로고
    • Anaesthetic awareness
    • Grunshaw N. Anaesthetic awareness. Br Med J 1990: 300: 821.
    • (1990) Br Med J , vol.300 , pp. 821
    • Grunshaw, N.1
  • 137
    • 0017313220 scopus 로고
    • Letter on awareness
    • Silbergleit I-L. Letter on awareness. JAMA 1976: 235: 1209-1210.
    • (1976) JAMA , vol.235 , pp. 1209-1210
    • Silbergleit, I.-L.1
  • 138
    • 84942385815 scopus 로고
    • Letter on awareness
    • Messer HD. Letter on awareness. JAMA 1976: 235: 1210.
    • (1976) JAMA , vol.235 , pp. 1210
    • Messer, H.D.1
  • 139
    • 10244247021 scopus 로고
    • Letter on awareness
    • Archer J. Letter on awareness. JAMA 1976: 235: 1211.
    • (1976) JAMA , vol.235 , pp. 1211
    • Archer, J.1
  • 140
    • 0343672954 scopus 로고
    • Further evidence of persistence of hearing under chemo-anesthesia: Detailed case report
    • Cheek DB. Further evidence of persistence of hearing under chemo-anesthesia: Detailed case report. Am J Clin Hypn 1964: 7: 55-59.
    • (1964) Am J Clin Hypn , vol.7 , pp. 55-59
    • Cheek, D.B.1
  • 141
    • 0343614227 scopus 로고
    • Surgical memory and reactio.n to careless conversation
    • Cheek DB. Surgical memory and reactio.n to careless conversation. Am J Clin Hypn 1964: 6: 237-240
    • (1964) Am J Clin Hypn , vol.6 , pp. 237-240
    • Cheek, D.B.1
  • 142
    • 0017654523 scopus 로고
    • Auditory perception during general anesthesia - Myth or fact?
    • Trustman R, Dubrovs. ky S, Titley R. Auditory perception during general anesthesia - myth or fact? Int J Clin Exp Hypn 1977: 25: 88-105.
    • (1977) Int J Clin Exp Hypn , vol.25 , pp. 88-105
    • Trustman, R.1    Dubrovsky, S.2    Titley, R.3
  • 143
    • 0023126432 scopus 로고
    • Incidents of auditory perception during anaesthesia with traumatic sequelae
    • Howard JF. Incidents of auditory perception during anaesthesia with traumatic sequelae. Med J Austr 1987: 146: 44-46.
    • (1987) Med J Austr , vol.146 , pp. 44-46
    • Howard, J.F.1
  • 144
    • 0000087867 scopus 로고
    • States of awareness during general anaesthesia
    • Levinson BW. States of awareness during general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1965: 37: 544-546.
    • (1965) Br J Anaesth , vol.37 , pp. 544-546
    • Levinson, B.W.1
  • 146
    • 0021993787 scopus 로고
    • Scientific status of refreshing recollection by the use of hypnosis
    • Council report. Scientific status of refreshing recollection by the use of hypnosis. JAMA 1985: 253: 1918-1923.
    • (1985) JAMA , vol.253 , pp. 1918-1923
  • 147
    • 0017313220 scopus 로고
    • Letter on awareness
    • Larson PC. Letter on awareness. JAMA 1976: 235: 1209.
    • (1976) JAMA , vol.235 , pp. 1209
    • Larson, P.C.1
  • 148
    • 0017092320 scopus 로고
    • Further studies of the anti-recall effect of lorazepam
    • Pandit SK, Heisterkamp DV, Cohen PJ. Further studies of the anti-recall effect of lorazepam. Anesthesiology 1976: 45: 495-500.
    • (1976) Anesthesiology , vol.45 , pp. 495-500
    • Pandit, S.K.1    Heisterkamp, D.V.2    Cohen, P.J.3
  • 150
    • 0015057746 scopus 로고
    • Anesthesia and memory processes
    • Cherkin A, Harroun P. Anesthesia and memory processes. Anesthesiology 1971: 34: 469-474.
    • (1971) Anesthesiology , vol.34 , pp. 469-474
    • Cherkin, A.1    Harroun, P.2
  • 151
    • 0024815743 scopus 로고
    • Awareness with amnesia during total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol
    • Ruhpret J. Awareness with amnesia during total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol. Anaesthesia 1989: 44: 1005.
    • (1989) Anaesthesia , vol.44 , pp. 1005
    • Ruhpret, J.1
  • 153
    • 0027209490 scopus 로고
    • Subanesthetic concentrations of isoflurane suppress learning as defined by the category-example test
    • Chortkoff BS, Bennett HL, Eger EI II. Subanesthetic concentrations of isoflurane suppress learning as defined by the category-example test. Anesthesiology 1993: 79: 16-22.
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.79 , pp. 16-22
    • Chortkoff, B.S.1    Bennett, H.L.2    Eger II, E.I.3
  • 154
    • 0027375490 scopus 로고
    • Does nitrous oxide antagonize isoflurane-induced suppression of learning?
    • Chortkoff BS, Bennett HL, Eger EI II. Does nitrous oxide antagonize isoflurane-induced suppression of learning? Anesthesiology 1993: 79:724-732.
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.79 , pp. 724-732
    • Chortkoff, B.S.1    Bennett, H.L.2    Eger II, E.I.3
  • 155
    • 0020766648 scopus 로고
    • Recognition of words presented during general anaesthesia
    • Millar K, Watkinson N. Recognition of words presented during general anaesthesia. Ergonomics 1983: 26: 585-594.
    • (1983) Ergonomics , vol.26 , pp. 585-594
    • Millar, K.1    Watkinson, N.2
  • 156
    • 0021991445 scopus 로고
    • Non-verbal response to intraoperative conversation
    • Bennett HL, Davis HS, Giannini JA. Non-verbal response to intraoperative conversation. Br J Anaesth 1985: 57: 174-179.
    • (1985) Br J Anaesth , vol.57 , pp. 174-179
    • Bennett, H.L.1    Davis, H.S.2    Giannini, J.A.3
  • 158
    • 0026708565 scopus 로고
    • Learning during general anaesthesia: Implicit recall after methohexitone or propofol
    • Bethune DW, Ghosh S, Gray B, Kerr L, Walker IA, Doolan LA, et al. Learning during general anaesthesia: Implicit recall after methohexitone or propofol. Br J Anaesth 1992: 69: 197-199.
    • (1992) Br J Anaesth , vol.69 , pp. 197-199
    • Bethune, D.W.1    Ghosh, S.2    Gray, B.3    Kerr, L.4    Walker, I.A.5    Doolan, L.A.6
  • 159
    • 0022250237 scopus 로고
    • Anesthesia, amnesia, and the memory / awareness distinction
    • Eich E, Reeves JL, Katz RL. Anesthesia, amnesia, and the memory / awareness distinction. Anesth Analg 1985: 64: 1143-1148.
    • (1985) Anesth Analg , vol.64 , pp. 1143-1148
    • Eich, E.1    Reeves, J.L.2    Katz, R.L.3
  • 160
    • 0023551419 scopus 로고
    • The lack of response to suggestion under controlled surgical anesthesia
    • Woo R, Seltzer JL, Marr A. The lack of response to suggestion under controlled surgical anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1987: 31: 567-571.
    • (1987) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.31 , pp. 567-571
    • Woo, R.1    Seltzer, J.L.2    Marr, A.3
  • 161
    • 0023194874 scopus 로고
    • Retention of auditory information presented during anaesthesia
    • Standen PJ, Hain WR, Hosker KJ. Retention of auditory information presented during anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 1987: 42: 604-608.
    • (1987) Anaesthesia , vol.42 , pp. 604-608
    • Standen, P.J.1    Hain, W.R.2    Hosker, K.J.3
  • 162
    • 0027389426 scopus 로고
    • Recall of music: A comparison between anaesthesia with propofol and isoflurane
    • Oddby-Muhrbeck E, Jakobsson J. Recall of music: A comparison between anaesthesia with propofol and isoflurane. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1993: 37: 33-37.
    • (1993) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.37 , pp. 33-37
    • Oddby-Muhrbeck, E.1    Jakobsson, J.2
  • 164
    • 0022049914 scopus 로고
    • Priming across modalities and priming across category levels: Extending the domain of preserved function in amnesia
    • Graf P, Shimamura AP. Priming across modalities and priming across category levels: Extending the domain of preserved function in amnesia. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 1985: 11: 386-396.
    • (1985) J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn , vol.11 , pp. 386-396
    • Graf, P.1    Shimamura, A.P.2
  • 165
    • 0029149509 scopus 로고
    • Subanesthetic concentrations of desflurane and propofol suppress recall of emotionally charged information
    • Chortkoff BS, Gonsowski CT, Bennett HL, Levinson B, Crankshaw DP, Dutton RC, et al. Subanesthetic concentrations of desflurane and propofol suppress recall of emotionally charged information. Anesth Analg 1995: 81: 728-736.
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.81 , pp. 728-736
    • Chortkoff, B.S.1    Gonsowski, C.T.2    Bennett, H.L.3    Levinson, B.4    Crankshaw, D.P.5    Dutton, R.C.6
  • 166
    • 0020106863 scopus 로고
    • The clinical use of hypnosis
    • Wadden TA, Anderton CH. The clinical use of hypnosis. Psychol Bull 1982: 91: 215-243.
    • (1982) Psychol Bull , vol.91 , pp. 215-243
    • Wadden, T.A.1    Anderton, C.H.2
  • 167
    • 0013434973 scopus 로고
    • Factors determining the probability of recollection of intraoperative events
    • Bonke B, Fitch W, Millar K, Rockland MA, eds. Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger
    • Goldmann L. Factors determining the probability of recollection of intraoperative events. In: Bonke B, Fitch W, Millar K, Rockland MA, eds. Memory and awareness in anaesthesia. Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger, 1990: 45-49
    • (1990) Memory and Awareness in Anaesthesia , pp. 45-49
    • Goldmann, L.1
  • 169
    • 10244259624 scopus 로고
    • Letter to editor
    • Millar K. Letter to editor. Br J Anaesth 1986: 58:1334.
    • (1986) Br J Anaesth , vol.58 , pp. 1334
    • Millar, K.1
  • 170
    • 0025909438 scopus 로고
    • Failure to demonstrate unconscious perception during balanced anaesthesia by postoperative motor response
    • Jansen CK, Bonke B, Klein J, van Dasselaar N, Hop WCJ. Failure to demonstrate unconscious perception during balanced anaesthesia by postoperative motor response. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1991: 35: 407-410.
    • (1991) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.35 , pp. 407-410
    • Jansen, C.K.1    Bonke, B.2    Klein, J.3    Van Dasselaar, N.4    Hop, W.C.J.5
  • 171
    • 0023680468 scopus 로고
    • Improved recovery and reduced postoperative stay after therapeutic suggestions during general anaesthesia
    • Evans C, Richardson PH. Improved recovery and reduced postoperative stay after therapeutic suggestions during general anaesthesia. Lancet 1988: ii : 491-493
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 491-493
    • Evans, C.1    Richardson, P.H.2
  • 172
    • 0022517295 scopus 로고
    • Clinical study of so-called unconscious perception during general anaesthesia
    • Bonke B, Schmitz PIM, Verhage Z, Zwaveling A. Clinical study of so-called unconscious perception during general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1986: 58: 957-964.
    • (1986) Br J Anaesth , vol.58 , pp. 957-964
    • Bonke, B.1    Schmitz, P.I.M.2    Verhage, Z.3    Zwaveling, A.4
  • 173
    • 0027182517 scopus 로고
    • Effect of different therapeutic suggestions presented during anaesthesia on post-operativ cours
    • Jelicic M, Bonke B, Millar K. Effect of different therapeutic suggestions presented during anaesthesia on post-operativ cours. Eur J Anaesth 1993: 10: 343-347.
    • (1993) Eur J Anaesth , vol.10 , pp. 343-347
    • Jelicic, M.1    Bonke, B.2    Millar, K.3
  • 174
    • 0000162617 scopus 로고
    • Response to suggestions given under general anesthesia
    • Pearson RE. Response to suggestions given under general anesthesia. Am J Clin Hypn 1961: 4: 106-114.
    • (1961) Am J Clin Hypn , vol.4 , pp. 106-114
    • Pearson, R.E.1
  • 176
    • 0026054874 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of therapeutic suggestions for improved postoperative recovery presented during general anesthesia
    • Block RI, Ghoneim MM, Sum Ping ST, Ali MA. Efficacy of therapeutic suggestions for improved postoperative recovery presented during general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1991: 75: 746-755.
    • (1991) Anesthesiology , vol.75 , pp. 746-755
    • Block, R.I.1    Ghoneim, M.M.2    Sum Ping, S.T.3    Ali, M.A.4
  • 177
    • 0026517720 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic suggestions during general anaesthesia in patients undergoing hysterectomy
    • Liu WHD, Standen PJ, Aitkenhead AR. Therapeutic suggestions during general anaesthesia in patients undergoing hysterectomy. Br J Anaesth 1992: 66: 277-281.
    • (1992) Br J Anaesth , vol.66 , pp. 277-281
    • Liu, W.H.D.1    Standen, P.J.2    Aitkenhead, A.R.3
  • 178
    • 0028923668 scopus 로고
    • Implicit processing and therapeutic suggestion during balanced anaesthesia
    • Oddby-Muhrbeck E, Jakobsson J, Enquist B. Implicit processing and therapeutic suggestion during balanced anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1995: 39: 333-337.
    • (1995) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.39 , pp. 333-337
    • Oddby-Muhrbeck, E.1    Jakobsson, J.2    Enquist, B.3
  • 179
    • 0027488029 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of therapeutic suggestions presented during anaesthesia: Re-analysis of conflicting results
    • Millar K. Efficacy of therapeutic suggestions presented during anaesthesia: Re-analysis of conflicting results. Br J Anaesth 1993: 71: 597-601.
    • (1993) Br J Anaesth , vol.71 , pp. 597-601
    • Millar, K.1
  • 180
    • 0001627615 scopus 로고
    • Control of post-operative pain by suggestion under general anesthesia
    • Wolfe LS, Millet JB. Control of post-operative pain by suggestion under general anesthesia. Am J Clin Hypn 1960: 3: 109-112.
    • (1960) Am J Clin Hypn , vol.3 , pp. 109-112
    • Wolfe, L.S.1    Millet, J.B.2
  • 181
    • 0002311338 scopus 로고
    • The value of suggestion given under anesthesia: A report and evaluation of 200 consecutive cases
    • Hutchings DD. The value of suggestion given under anesthesia: A report and evaluation of 200 consecutive cases. Am J Clin Hypn 1961: 4: 26-29.
    • (1961) Am J Clin Hypn , vol.4 , pp. 26-29
    • Hutchings, D.D.1
  • 182
    • 0039635119 scopus 로고
    • Positive suggestions presented during anaesthesia
    • Bonke B, Fitch W, Millar K. Rockland MA, eds. Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger
    • Furlong M. Positive suggestions presented during anaesthesia. In: Bonke B, Fitch W, Millar K. Rockland MA, eds. Memory and awareness in anaesthesia. Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger, 1990: pp. 170-175
    • (1990) Memory and Awareness in Anaesthesia , pp. 170-175
    • Furlong, M.1
  • 183
    • 0025018153 scopus 로고
    • Post-operative analgesic requirements in patients exposed to positive intraoperative suggestions
    • McLintock TTC, Aitken H, Downie CFA, Kenny GNC. Post-operative analgesic requirements in patients exposed to positive intraoperative suggestions. Br Med J 1990: 301: 788-790.
    • (1990) Br Med J , vol.301 , pp. 788-790
    • McLintock, T.T.C.1    Aitken, H.2    Downie, C.F.A.3    Kenny, G.N.C.4
  • 184
  • 185
    • 0345659046 scopus 로고
    • Do intraoperative suggestions prevent nausea and vomiting in thyroidectomy-patients? An experimental study
    • Bonke B, Fitch W, Millar K. Rockland, MA, eds. Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger
    • Munch F, Zug H-D. Do intraoperative suggestions prevent nausea and vomiting in thyroidectomy-patients? An experimental study. In: Bonke B, Fitch W, Millar K. Rockland, MA, eds. Memory and awareness in anaesthesia. Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger, 1990: 185-188.
    • (1990) Memory and Awareness in Anaesthesia , pp. 185-188
    • Munch, F.1    Zug, H.-D.2
  • 186
    • 0039043083 scopus 로고
    • Study of the effect of intraoperative suggestions on postoperative analgesia and wellbeing
    • Sebel PS, Bonke B, Winograd E, eds. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PTR Prentice-Hall
    • Steinberg ME, Hord AH, Reed B, Sebel PS. Study of the effect of intraoperative suggestions on postoperative analgesia and wellbeing. In: Sebel PS, Bonke B, Winograd E, eds. Memory and awareness in anesthesia. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PTR Prentice-Hall, 1991: 205-208.
    • (1991) Memory and Awareness in Anesthesia , pp. 205-208
    • Steinberg, M.E.1    Hord, A.H.2    Reed, B.3    Sebel, P.S.4
  • 188
    • 0019992456 scopus 로고
    • A review of methods for relief of postoperative pain
    • Dodson ME. A review of methods for relief of postoperative pain. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1982: 64: 324-327.
    • (1982) Ann R Coll Surg Engl , vol.64 , pp. 324-327
    • Dodson, M.E.1
  • 190
    • 0025378274 scopus 로고
    • The nature of pre-operative anxiety
    • McCleane GJ, Cooper R. The nature of pre-operative anxiety. Anaesthesia 1990: 45: 153-155
    • (1990) Anaesthesia , vol.45 , pp. 153-155
    • McCleane, G.J.1    Cooper, R.2
  • 192
    • 10244224502 scopus 로고
    • Review of ASA Closed Claims Project
    • June
    • Gild M. Review of ASA Closed Claims Project. ASA Newsletter June 1993.
    • (1993) ASA Newsletter
    • Gild, M.1
  • 194
    • 10244278422 scopus 로고
    • Awareness during anesthesia: An introduction
    • Sebel PS: Awareness during anesthesia: An introduction. ASA Newsletter 1994: 58: 7-9
    • (1994) ASA Newsletter , vol.58 , pp. 7-9
    • Sebel, P.S.1
  • 195
    • 0008078220 scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular block vs. muscle relaxation: Clinical applications of the difference
    • Tammisto T. Neuromuscular block vs. muscle relaxation: Clinical applications of the difference. Finnanest 1992: 18: 11-18.
    • (1992) Finnanest , vol.18 , pp. 11-18
    • Tammisto, T.1
  • 196
    • 0028898354 scopus 로고
    • Dependence of the adequacy of muscle relaxation on the degree of neuromuscular block and depth of enflurane anesthesia during abdominal surgery
    • Tammisto T, Olkkola KT. Dependence of the adequacy of muscle relaxation on the degree of neuromuscular block and depth of enflurane anesthesia during abdominal surgery. Anesth Analg 1995: 80: 543-547.
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.80 , pp. 543-547
    • Tammisto, T.1    Olkkola, K.T.2
  • 197
    • 10244236960 scopus 로고
    • Action of general anesthetics in producing muscle relaxation: Interaction of anesthetics with relaxants
    • Katz RL ed. New York: North Holland Publ.
    • Ngai SH. Action of general anesthetics in producing muscle relaxation: Interaction of anesthetics with relaxants. In: Katz RL ed. Muscle relaxants. New York: North Holland Publ., 1975: 279-297.
    • (1975) Muscle Relaxants , pp. 279-297
    • Ngai, S.H.1
  • 198
    • 0014006841 scopus 로고
    • Effects of halothane on neuromuscular transmission
    • Gissen AJ, Karis JH, Nastuk WL. Effects of halothane on neuromuscular transmission. JAMA 1966: 197: 770-774.
    • (1966) JAMA , vol.197 , pp. 770-774
    • Gissen, A.J.1    Karis, J.H.2    Nastuk, W.L.3
  • 199
    • 0016808230 scopus 로고
    • Comparative site of action of various anesthetic agents at the mammalian myoneural junction
    • Kennedy RD, Galindo AD. Comparative site of action of various anesthetic agents at the mammalian myoneural junction. Br J Anaesth 1975: 47: 533-540.
    • (1975) Br J Anaesth , vol.47 , pp. 533-540
    • Kennedy, R.D.1    Galindo, A.D.2
  • 200
    • 0016662939 scopus 로고
    • The effect of diethyl ether, enflurane and isoflurane at the neuromuscular junction
    • Waud BE, Waud DR. The effect of diethyl ether, enflurane and isoflurane at the neuromuscular junction. Anesthesiology 1975: 42: 275-280.
    • (1975) Anesthesiology , vol.42 , pp. 275-280
    • Waud, B.E.1    Waud, D.R.2
  • 201
    • 0015092704 scopus 로고
    • Comparative neuromuscular effects of forane and halothane alone and in combination with d-tubocurarine in man
    • Miller RD, Eger EI II, Way WL, Stevens WC, Dolan WM. Comparative neuromuscular effects of forane and halothane alone and in combination with d-tubocurarine in man. Anesthesiology 1971: 35: 38-42.
    • (1971) Anesthesiology , vol.35 , pp. 38-42
    • Miller, R.D.1    Eger II, E.I.2    Way, W.L.3    Stevens, W.C.4    Dolan, W.M.5
  • 202
    • 0023693743 scopus 로고
    • Isoflurane causes 'flickering' of the acetylcholine receptor channel: Observations using patch clamp
    • Brett RS, Dilger JP, Yland KF. Isoflurane causes 'flickering' of the acetylcholine receptor channel: Observations using patch clamp. Anesthesiology 1988: 69: 161-170.
    • (1988) Anesthesiology , vol.69 , pp. 161-170
    • Brett, R.S.1    Dilger, J.P.2    Yland, K.F.3
  • 203
    • 0005378618 scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular monitoring
    • Miller RD ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone
    • Viby-Mogensen J. Neuromuscular monitoring. In: Miller RD ed. Anesthesia. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1990: 1209-1226
    • (1990) Anesthesia , pp. 1209-1226
    • Viby-Mogensen, J.1
  • 204
    • 0028942068 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the onset of neuromuscular block at the orbicularis oculi can predict good intubating conditions during atracurium-induced neuromuscular block
    • Debaene B, Beaussier M, Meistelman C, Donati F, Lienhart A. Monitoring the onset of neuromuscular block at the orbicularis oculi can predict good intubating conditions during atracurium-induced neuromuscular block. Anesth Analg 1995: 80: 360-363.
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.80 , pp. 360-363
    • Debaene, B.1    Beaussier, M.2    Meistelman, C.3    Donati, F.4    Lienhart, A.5
  • 205
    • 0023551446 scopus 로고
    • Effect of an intubating dose of succinylcholine and atracurium on the diaphragm and the adductor pollicis muscle in humans
    • Pansard J-L, Chauvin M, Lebrault C, Gauneau P, Duvaldestin P. Effect of an intubating dose of succinylcholine and atracurium on the diaphragm and the adductor pollicis muscle in humans. Anesthesiology 1987: 67: 326-330.
    • (1987) Anesthesiology , vol.67 , pp. 326-330
    • Pansard, J.-L.1    Chauvin, M.2    Lebrault, C.3    Gauneau, P.4    Duvaldestin, P.5
  • 206
    • 0025766664 scopus 로고
    • Vecuronium neuromuscular blockade at the adductor muscles of the larynx and adductor pollicis
    • Donati F, Meistelman C, Plaud B. Vecuronium neuromuscular blockade at the adductor muscles of the larynx and adductor pollicis. Anesthesiology 1991: 74: 833-837.
    • (1991) Anesthesiology , vol.74 , pp. 833-837
    • Donati, F.1    Meistelman, C.2    Plaud, B.3
  • 207
    • 0026031333 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous EMG activity for detection of arousal during general anaesthesia - Comparison between recordings from frontal and neck musculature
    • Tammisto T, Toikka O. Spontaneous EMG activity for detection of arousal during general anaesthesia - comparison between recordings from frontal and neck musculature. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1991: 8: 109-114.
    • (1991) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.8 , pp. 109-114
    • Tammisto, T.1    Toikka, O.2
  • 209
    • 0027162696 scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentration of fentanyl, with 70% nitrous oxide, to prevent movement at skin incision
    • Glass PSA, Doherty M, Jacobs JR, Goodman D, Smith LR. Plasma concentration of fentanyl, with 70% nitrous oxide, to prevent movement at skin incision. Anesthesiology 1993: 78: 842-843.
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.78 , pp. 842-843
    • Glass, P.S.A.1    Doherty, M.2    Jacobs, J.R.3    Goodman, D.4    Smith, L.R.5
  • 210
    • 0022517712 scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentrations of alfentanil required to supplement nitrous oxide anesthesia for general surgery
    • Ausems ME, Hug CC, Stanski DR, Burm AGL. Plasma concentrations of alfentanil required to supplement nitrous oxide anesthesia for general surgery. Anesthesiology 1986: 65: 362-273.
    • (1986) Anesthesiology , vol.65 , pp. 362-1273
    • Ausems, M.E.1    Hug, C.C.2    Stanski, D.R.3    Burm, A.G.L.4
  • 211
    • 0027251472 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamics of alfentanil as a supplement to propofol or nitrous oxide for lower abdominal surgery in female patients
    • Vuyk J, Lim T, Engbers FHM, Burm AGL, Vletter AA, Bovill JG. Pharmacodynamics of alfentanil as a supplement to propofol or nitrous oxide for lower abdominal surgery in female patients. Anesthesiology 1993: 78: 1036-1045.
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.78 , pp. 1036-1045
    • Vuyk, J.1    Lim, T.2    Engbers, F.H.M.3    Burm, A.G.L.4    Vletter, A.A.5    Bovill, J.G.6
  • 214
    • 0013630325 scopus 로고
    • Continuous infusions of hypnotic agents for maintenance of anaesthesia
    • Kay B, ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ.
    • Sear JW. Continuous infusions of hypnotic agents for maintenance of anaesthesia. In: Kay B, ed. Total intravenous anaesthesia. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ., 1991: 15-56.
    • (1991) Total Intravenous Anaesthesia , pp. 15-56
    • Sear, J.W.1
  • 215
    • 0015129791 scopus 로고
    • Is end-tidal anesthetic partial pressure an accurate measure of the arterial anesthetic partial pressure?
    • Eger EI II, Bahlman SH. Is end-tidal anesthetic partial pressure an accurate measure of the arterial anesthetic partial pressure? Anesthesiology 1971: 35: 301-303.
    • (1971) Anesthesiology , vol.35 , pp. 301-303
    • Eger II, E.I.1    Bahlman, S.H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.