Role of metabolism in the activation of dehydroepiandrosterone as a peroxisome proliferator

Journal of Endocrinology

Volumn 150, Issue SUPPL., 1996, Pages

  Waxman, D J ^a  

^a Boston University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PRASTERONE;

ADRENAL GLAND; CANCER RISK; CONFERENCE PAPER; FATTY ACID METABOLISM; HORMONE METABOLISM; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LIVER METABOLISM; NONHUMAN; PEROXISOME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STEROIDOGENESIS;

ANDROSTENEDIOLS; ANIMALS; CALCIUM; CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE; LIVER; MICROBODIES; RATS;

EID: 0029856331     PISSN: 00220795     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (140)

1. Aldridge TC, Tugwood JD & Green S 1995 Identification and characterization of DNA elements implicated in the regulation of CYP4A1 transcription. Biochemical Journal 306 473-479
2. Allan GF, Leng X, Tsai SY, Weigel NL, Edwards DP, Tsai MJ & O'Malley BW 1992 Hormone and antihormone induce distinct conformational changes which are central to steroid receptor activation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 267 19513-19520.
3. Amri EZ, Bonino F, Ailhaud G, Abumrad NA & Grimaldi PA 1995 Cloning of a protein that mediates transcriptional effects of fatty acids in preadipocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270 2367-2371.
4. Aoyama T, Korzekwa K, Nagata K, Adesnik M, Reiss A, Lapenson DP, Gillette J, Gelboin HV, Waxman DJ & Gonzalez FJ 1989 Sequence requirements for cytochrome P-450IIB1 catalytic activity. Alteration of the stereospecificity and regioselectivity of steroid hydroxylation by a simultaneous change of two hydrophobic amino acid residues to phenylalanine. Journal of Biological Chemistry 264 21327-21333.
5. Aperlo C, Pognonec P, Saladin R, Auwerx J & Boulukos KE 1995 cDNA cloning and characterization of the transcriptional activities of the hamster peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor haPPAR gamma Gene 162 297-302.
6. Aschengrau A, Ozonoff D, Paulu C, Coogan P, Vezina R, Heeren T & Zhang Y 1993 Cancer risk and tetrachloroethylene-contaminated drinking water in Massachusetts Archives of Environmental Health 48 284-292.
7. Bardot O, Aldridge TC, Latruffe N & Green S 1993 PPAR-RXR heterodimer activates a peroxisome proliferator response element upstream of the bifunctional enzyme gene. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 192 37-45.
8. Beck CA, Weigel NL &. Edwards DP 1992 Effects of hormone and cellular modulators of protein phosphorylation on transcriptional activity, DNA binding, and phosphorylation of human progesterone receptors. Molecular Endocrinology 6 607-620.
9. Beck F, Plummer S, Senior PV, Byrne S, Green S & Brammar WJ 1992 The ontogeny of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene expression in the mouse and rat. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 247 83-87.
10. Belanger A, Candas B, Dupotit A, Cusan L, Diamond P, Gomez JL & Labrie F 1994 Changes in serum concentrations of conjugated and unconjugated steroids in 40- to 80-year-old men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 79 1086-1090.
11. Bell DR & Elcombe CR 1991 Induction of acyl-CoA oxidase and cytochrome P450IVA1 RNA in rat primary hepatocyte culture by peroxisome proliferators. Biochemical Journal 280 249-253.
12. Bennett AM & Williams GM 1992 Reduction of rat liver endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase activity and mobilization of hepatic intracellular calcium by ciprofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator. Biochemistry and Pharmacology 43 595-605.
13. +2-ATPase thiol integrity by ciprofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator. Biochemistry and Pharmacology 45 2093-2098.
14. Bocos C, Gortlicher M, Gearing K, Banner C, Enmark E, Teboul MAC & Gustafsson JA 1995 Fatty acid activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 53 467-173.
15. Boie Y, Adam M, Rushmore TH & Kennedy BP 1993 Enantioselective activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268 5530-5534.
16. Burbach KM, Poland A & Bradfield CA 1992 Cloning of the Ah-receptor cDNA reveals a distinctive ligand-activated transcription factor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 89 8185-8189
17. Burger HJ, Schuetz JD, Schuetz EG & Guzelian PS 1992 Paradoxical transcriptional activation of rat liver cytochrome P-450 3A1 by dexamethasone and the antiglucocorticoid pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile: analysis by transient transfection into primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 89 2145-2149.
18. 2+ channel antagonists. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 13 256-262.
19. Conney AH 1967 Pharmacological implications of microsomal enzyme induction Pharmacological Reviews 19 317-366.
20. Conway JG, Cattley RC, Popp JA & Butterworth BE 1989a Possible mechanisms in hepatocarcinogenesis by the peroxisome proliferitor di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Drug Metabolism Reviews 21 65-102.
21. Conway JG, Tomaszewski KE, Olson MJ, Cattley RC, Marsman DS & Popp JA 1989b Relationship of oxidative damage to the hepatocarcinogenicity of the peroxisome proliferators di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and Wy-14,643. Carcinogenesis 10 513-519
22. Cooney AJ, Leng X, Tsai SY, O'Malley BW & Tsai MJ 1993 Multiple mechanisms of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor-dependent repression of transactivation by the vitamin D, thyroid hormone, and retinoic acid receptors. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268 4152-4160.
23. Denner LA, Weigel NL, Maxwell BL, Schrader WT & O'Malley BW 1990 Regulation of progesterone receptor-mediated transcription by phosphorylation. Science 250 1740-1743.
24. Dreyer C, Krey G, Keller H, Givel F, Helftenbein G & Wahli W 1992 Control of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway by a novel family of nuclear hormone receptors. Cell 68 879-887.
25. Elcombe CR 1985 Species differences in carcinogenicity and peroxisome proliferation due to trichloroethylene: a biochemical human hazard assessment. Archives in Toxicology Suppl 8 6-17.
26. Evans RM 1988 The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Science 240 889-895.
27. Fahl WE, Lalwani ND, Watanabe T, Goel SK & Reddy JK 1984 DNA damage related to increased hydrogen peroxide generation by hypolipidemic drug-induced liver peroxisomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 81 7827-7830.
28. Frenkel RA, Slaughter CA, Orth K, Moomaw CR, Hicks SH, Snyder JM, Bennett M, Prough RA, Putnam RS & Milewich L 1990 Peroxisome proliferation and induction of peroxisomal enzymes in mouse and rat liver by dehydroepiandrosterone feeding. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 35 333-342.
29. Gearing KL, Gottlicher M, Teboul M, Widmark E & Gustafsson JA 1993 Interaction of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and retinoid X receptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 90 1440-1444.
30. Gebel T, Arand M & Oesch F 1992 Induction of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor by fenofibrate in rat liver. FEBS Letters 309 37-40.
31. Goldsworthy TL & Popp JA 1987 Chlorinated hydrocarbon-induced peroxisomal enzyme activity in relation to species and organ carcinogenicity. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 88 225-233.
32. Gonzalez FJ 1990 Molecular genetics of the P450 superfamily. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 45 1-38.
33. Gordon GB, Shantz LM & Talalay P 1987 Modulation of growth, differentiation and carcinogenesis by dehydroepiandrosterone. Advances in Enzyme Regulation 26 355-382.
34. Gordon GB, Helzlsouer KJ & Comstock GW 1991 Serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate and the risk of developing bladder cancer. Cancer Research 51 1366-1369.
35. Gotoh O 1992 Substrate recognition sites in cytochrome P450 family 2 (CYP2) proteins inferred from comparative analyses of amino acid and coding nucleotide sequences. Journal of Biological Chemistry 267 83-90.
36. Gottlicher M, Widmark E, Li Q & Gustafsson JA 1992 Fatty acids activate a chimera of the dofibric acid-activated receptor and the glucocorticoid receptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 89 4653-4657.
37. Gray TJB, Lake BG, Beamand JA, Foster JR & Gangolli SD 1983 Peroxisome proliferation in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 67 15-25.
38. Green S & Wahli W 1994 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: finding the orphan a home Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 100 149-153.
39. Guengerich FP 1987 Enzymology of rat liver cytochromes P450. In Mammalian Cytochromes P450, vol 1, pp 1-54. Ed FP Guengerich. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
40. Hardwick JP, Song BJ, Huberman E & Gonzalez FJ 1987 Isolation, complementary DNA sequence, and regulation of rat hepatic lauric acid omega-hydroxylase (cytochrome P450 LA omega): identification of a new cytochrome P450 gene family. Journal of Biological Chemistry 262 801-810.
41. Hayashi F, Tamura H, Yamada J, Kasai H & Suga T 1994 Characteristics of the hepatocarcinogenesis caused by dehydroepiandrosterone, a peroxisome proliferator, in male F-344 rats. Carcinogenesis 15 2215-2219.
42. He Y, Luo Z, Klekotka PA, Burnett VL & Halpert JR 1994 Structural determinants of cytochrome P450 2B1 specificity: evidence for five substrate recognition sites. Biochemistry 33 4419-4424
43. Heinonen PK, Koivula T & Pystynen P 1987 Decreased serum level of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in postmenopausal women with ovarian cancer. Gynecology and Obstetrics Investigations 23 271-274.
44. Hermann T, Hoffmann B, Zhang XK, Tran P & Pfahl M 1992 Heterodimeric receptor complexes determine 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine and retinoid signaling specificities. Molecular Endocrinology 6 1153-1162.
45. Hertz R, Aurbach R, Hashimoto T & BarTana J 1991 Thyromimetic effect of peroxisomal proliferators in rat liver. Biochemical Journal 274 745-751.
46. Hobe G, Hillesheim HG, Schon R, Reddersen G, Knappe R, Bannasch P & Mayer D 1994 Sex differences in dehydroepiandrosterone metabolism in the rat, different plasma levels following ingestion of DHEA-supplemented diet and different metabolite patterns in plasma, bile and urine. Hormones and Metabolism Research 26 326-329
47. Huber W, Kraupp GB, Esterbauer H & Schulte HR 1991 Role of oxidative stress in age dependent hepatocarcinogenesis by the peroxisome proliferator nafenopin in die rat Cancer Research 51 1789-1792.
48. Issemann I & Green S 1990 Activation of a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily by peroxisome proliferators Nature 347 645-650.
49. Itoga H, Tamura H, Watanabe T & Suga T 1990 Characteristics of the suppressive effect of nicardipine on peroxisome induction in rat liver. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1051 21-28.
50. Iwasaki M, Darden TA, Parker CE, Tomer KB, Pedersen LG & Negishi M 1994 Inherent versatility of P-450 oxygenase Conferring dehydroepiandrosterone hydroxylase activity to P-450 2a-4 by a single amino acid mutation at position 117 Journal of Biological Chemistry 269 9079-9083
51. Iwasaki M, Darden TA, Pedersen LG & Negishi M 1995 Altering the regiospecificity of androstenedione hydroxylase activity in P450 s 2a-4/5 by a mutation of the residue at position 481. Biochemistry 34 5054-5059.
52. Jakoby WB, Sekura RD, Lyon ES, Marcus CJ & Wang JL 1980 Sulfotransferases. In Enzymatic Basis of Detoxication, vol 2, pp 199-228. Ed WB Jakoby. New York: Academic Press.
53. Jansson J-O, Ekberg S & Isaksson O 1985 Sexual dimorphism in the control of growth hormone secretion. Endocrine Reviews 6 128-150.
54. Jones DL & James VH 1987 Determination of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in blood and tissue. Studies of normal women and women with breast or endometrial cancer Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 26 151-159.
55. Jow L & Mukherjee R 1995 The human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtype NUC1 represses the activation of hPPAR alpha and thyroid hormone receptors. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270 3836-3840.
56. Kaikaus RM, Chan WK, Lysenko N, Ray R, Ortiz de Montellano PR & Bass NM 1993 Induction of peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation and liver fatty acid-binding protein by peroxisome proliferators. Mediation via the cytochrome P-450IVA1 omega-hydroxylase pathway. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268 9593-9603.
57. Kasai H, Okada Y, Nishimura S, Rao MS & Reddy JK 1989 Formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in liver DNA of rats following long-term exposure to a peroxisome proliferator. Cancer Research 49 2603-2605.
58. Kawashima Y, Uy YN & Kozuka H 1989 Sex-related difference in the inductions by perfluoro-octanoic acid of peroxisomal beta-oxidation, microsomal 1-acylglycerophosphocholine acyltransferase and cytosolic long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase in rat liver. Biochemical Journal 261 595-600.
59. Keller H, Givel F, Perroud M & Wahli W 1995 Signaling cross-talk between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor/retinoid X receptor and estrogen receptor through estrogen response elements. Molecular Endocrinology 9 794-804.
60. Kimura S, Hanioka N, Matsunaga E & Gonzalez FJ 1989a The rat dofibrate-inducible CYP4A gene subfamily. I. Complete intron and exon sequence of the CYP4A1 and CYP4A2 genes, unique exon organization, and identification of a conserved 19-bp upstream element DNA 8 503-516.
61. Kimura S, Hardwick JP, Kozak CA & Gonzalez FJ 1989b The rat clofibrate-inducible CYP4A subfamily. II. cDNA sequence of IVA3, mapping of the Cyp4a locus to mouse chromosome 4, and coordinate and tissue-specific regulation of the CYP4A genes. DNA 8 517-525.
62. Kliewer SA, Umesono K, Noonan DJ, Heyman RA & Evans RM 1992 Convergence of 9-cis retinoic acid and peroxisome proliferator signalling pathways through heterodimer formation of their receptors Nature 358 771-774.
63. Kliewer SA, Forman BM, Blumberg B, Ong ES, Borgmeyer U, Mangelsdorf DJ, Umesono K & Evans RM 1994 Differential expression and activation of a family of murine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 91 7355-7359.
64. Kocarek TA & Feller DR 1989 Quantitative assessment of enzyme induction by peroxisome proliferators and application to determination of effects on triglyceride biosynthesis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Biochemistry and Pharmacology 38 4169-4176.
65. Lazarow PB & Fujiki Y 1985 Biogenesis of peroxisomes. Annual Review of Cell Biology 1 489-530.
66. Lee SS, Pineau T, Drago J, Lee EJ, Owens JW, Kroetz DL, Fernandez-Salguero PM, Westphal H & Gonzalez FJ 1995 Targeted disruption of the alpha isoform of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene in mice results in abolishment of the pleiotropic effects of peroxisome proliferators. Molecular and Cellular Biology 15 3012-3022
67. Lehmann JM, Jong L, Fanjul A, Cameron JF, Lu XP, Haefner P, Dawson ME & Pfahl M 1992 Retinoids selective for retinoid X receptor response pathways. Science 258 1944-1946.
68. Lehmann JM, Moore LB, Smith-Oliver TA, Wilkison WO, Willson TM & Kliewer SA 1995 An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma). Journal of Biological Chemistry 270 12953-12956.
69. Lemberger T, Staels B, Saladin R, Desvergne B, Auwerx J & Wahli W 1994 Regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha gene by glucocorticoids. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269 24527-24530.
70. Li S, Yan X, Belanger A & Labric F 1994 Prevention by dehydroepiandrosterone of the development of mammary carcinoma induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in the rat. Breast Cancer Research Treatment 29 203-217.
71. Luisi BF, Xu WX, Otwinowski Z, Freedman LP, Yamamoto KR & Sigler PB 1991 Crystallographic analysis of the interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor with DNA. Nature 352 497-505.
72. Lynge E & Thygesen L 1990 Primary liver cancer among women in laundry and dry-cleaning work in Denmark. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental Health 16 108-112.
73. Mangelsdorf DJ, Borgmeyer U, Heyman RA, Zhou JY, Ong ES, Oro AE, Kakizuka A & Evans RM 1992 Characterization of three RXR genes that mediate the action of 9-cis retinoic acid. Genes and Development 6 329-344.
74. Marcus SL, Miyata KS, Zhang B, Subramani S, Rachubinski RA & Caponc JP 1993 Diverse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors bind to the peroxisome proliferator-responsive elements of the rat hydratase/dehydrogenase and fatty acyl-CoA oxidase genes but differentially induce expression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 90 5723-5727.
75. Matsuo H & Strauss III JF 1994 Peroxisome proliferators and retinoids affect JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cell function Endocrinology 135 1135-1145.
76. Milton MN, Elcombe CR & Gibson GG 1990 On the mechanism of induction of microsomal cytochrome P450IVA1 and peroxisome proliferation in rat liver by clofibrate. Biochemistry and Pharmacology 40 2727-2732.
77. Miyata KS, Zhang B, Marcus SL, Capone JP & Rachubinski RA 1993 Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF) binds to a peroxisome proliferator-responsive element and antagonizes peroxisome proliferator-mediated signaling. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268 19169-19172.
78. Miyazavva S, Hayashi H, Hijikata M, Ishii N, Furuta S, Kagamiyama H, Osumi T & Hashimoto T 1987 Complete nucleotide sequence of cDNA and predicted amino acid sequence of rat acyl-CoA oxidase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 262 8131-8137.
79. Moudgil VK 1990 Phosphorylation of steroid hormone receptors. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1055 243-258.
80. Muerhoff AS, Griffin KJ & Johnson EF 1992 The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor mediates the induction of CYP4A6, a cytochrome P450 fatty acid omega-hydroxylase, by clofibric acid. Journal of Biological Chemistry 267 19051-19053.
81. Negishi M, Uno T, Darden TA, Sueyoshi T & Pedersen LG 1996 Structural flexibility and functional versatility of mammalian P450 enzymes. FASEB Journal (In Press).
82. Nelson DR, Koymans L, Kamataki T, Stegeman JJ, Feyereisen R, Waxman DJ, Waterman MR, Gotoh O, Coon MJ, Estabrook RW, Gunsalus IC & Nebert DW 1996 P450 superfamily: Update on new sequences, gene mapping, accession numbers and nomenclature. Pharmacogenetics 6 1-42.
83. Nielsen DA, Chang TC & Shapiro DJ 1989 A highly sensitive, mixed-phase assay for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in transfected cells. Analytical Biochemistry 179 19-23.
84. Orentreich N, Brind JL, Rizer RL & Vogelman JH 1984 Age changes and sex differences in serum DHEA-sulfate concentrations throughout adulthood. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 59 551-555.
85. Osumi T, Ishii N, Miyazawa S & Hashimoto T 1987 Isolation and structural characterization of the rat acyl-CoA oxidase gene. Journal of Biological Chemistry 262 8138-8143.
86. Palmer CN, Hsu MH, Muerhoff AS, Griffin KJ & Johnson EF 1994 Interaction of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha with the retinoid X receptor alpha unmasks a cryptic peroxisome proliferator response element that overlaps an ARP-1-binding site in the CYP4A6 promoter. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269 18083-18089.
87. Pashko LL, Schwartz AG, Abou-Gharbia M & Swern D 1981 Inhibition of DNA synthesis in mouse epidermis and breast epithelium by dehydroepiandrosterone and related steroids. Carcinogenesis 2 717-721.
88. Peters JM, Zhou YC, Ram PA, Lee SST, Gonzalez FJ & Waxman DJ 1996 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is required for gene induction by dehydroepiandrosterone 3β-sulfate. Molecular Pharmacology (In Press).
89. Peterson JA & Graham-Lorence SE 1995 Bacterial P450 s: Structural similarities and functional differences. In Cytochrome P450' Structure, Mechanisms and Biochemistry, 2nd Edition, pp 151-180. Ed PR Ornz de Montellano New York: Plenum Press.
90. Porter TD & Coon MJ 1991 Cytochrome P450. Multiplicity of isoforms, substrates, and catalytic and regulatory mechanisms. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266 13469-13472.
91. Prough RA, Webb SJ, Wu HQ, Lapenson DP & Waxman DJ 1994 Induction of microsomal and peroxisomal enzymes by dehydroepiandrosterone and its reduced metabolite in rats. Cancer Research 54 2878-2886.
92. Prough RA, Lei XD, Xiao GH, Wu HQ, Geoghegan TE & Webb SJ 1995 Regulation of cytochromes P450 by DHEA and its anticarcinogenic action. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 774 187-199.
93. Ram PA & Waxman DJ 1992 Thyroid hormone stimulation of NADPH P450 reductase expression in liver and extrahepatic tissues. Regulation by multiple mechanisms. Journal of Biological Chemistry 267 3294-3301.
94. +2 channel blockers. Biochemical Journal 301 753-758.
95. Rao MS & Reddy JK 1987 Peroxisome proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 8 631-636.
96. Rao MS & Reddy JK 1991 An overview of peroxisome proliferator-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Environmental Health Perspectives 93 205-209.
97. Rao MS, Reid B, Ide H, Subbarao V & Reddy JK 1994 Dehydroepiandrosterone-induced peroxisome proliferation in the rat: evaluation of sex differences. Proceedings of she Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 207 186-190.
98. Reddy JK &. Lalwai ND 1983 Carcinogenesis by hepatic peroxisome proliferators evaluation of the risk of hypolipidemic drugs and industrial plasticizers to humans. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology 12 1-58.
99. Reddy JK & Rao MS 1989 Oxidative DNA damage caused by persistent peroxisome proliferation: its role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Mutation Research 214 63-68.
100. Reddy JK, Goel SK, Nemali MR, Carrino JJ, Laffler TG, Reddy MK, Sperbeck SJ, Osumi T, Hashimoto T, Lalwani ND & Rao MS 1986 Transcriptional regulation of peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA oxidase and enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase in rat liver by peroxisome proliferates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 83 3747-1751.
101. Richardson TH & Johnson EF 1994 Alterations of the regiospecificity of progesterone metabolism by the mutagenesis of two key amino acid residues in rabbit cytochrome P450 2C3v. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269 23937-23943.
102. Roy R & Belanger A 1993 ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells generate nonconjugated steroids from low density lipoprotein-incorporated lipoidal dehydroepiandrosterone. Endocrinology 133 683-689.
103. Sato T, Murayama N, Yamazoe Y & Kato R 1995 Suppression of clofibrate-induction of peroxisomal and microsomal fatty acid-oxidizmg enzymes by growth hormone and thyroid hormone in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1256 327-333.
104. Schenkman JB 1992 Steroid metabolism by constitutive cytochromes P450. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 43 1023-1030.
105. Schmidt A, Endo N, Rutledge SJ, Vogel R, Shinar D & Rodan GA 1992 Identification of a new member of the steroid hormone receptor superfaimly that is activated by a peroxisome proliferator and fatty acids. Molecular Endocrinology 6 1634-1641.
106. Schuetz EG, Wrighton SA, Barwick JL & Cuzelian PS 1984 Induction of cytochrome P-450 by glucocorticoids in rat liver. I. Evidence that glucocorticoids and pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile regulate de novo synthesis of a common form of cytochrome P-450 in cultures of adult rat hepatocytes and in the liver in vivo. Journal of Biological Chemistry 259 1999-2006.
107. Schwartz AG, Whitcomb JM, Nyce JW, Lewbar ML & Pashko LL 1988 Dehydroepiandrosterone and structural analogs: A new class of cancer chemopreventive agents Advances in Cancer Research 51 391-424.
108. Sharma R, Lake BG, Foster J & Gibson GG 1988 Microsomal cytochrome P-452 induction and peroxisome proliferation by hypolipidaemic agents in rat liver. A mechanistic inter-relationship. Biochemistry and Pharmacology 37 1193-1201.
109. Sher T, Yi HF, McBride OW & Gonzalez FJ 1993 cDNA cloning, chromosomal mapping, and functional characterization of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor. Biochemistry 32 5598-5604.
110. Sladek FM, Zhong WM, Lai E & Darnell JJ 1990 Liver-enriched transcription factor HNF-4 is a novel member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. Genes and Development 4 2353-2365.
111. Stefanini S, Ferrace MG &. Argento MPC 1985 Differentiation of liver peroxisomes in the foetal and newborn rat. Cytochemistry of catalase and D-amino acid oxidase. Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 88 151-163
112. Stemeger HH, Sorensen HN, Tugwood JD, Skrede S, Spydevold O & Gautvik KM 1994 Dexamethasone and insulin demonstrate marked and opposite regulation of the steady-state mRNA level of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in hepatic cells Hormonal modulation of fatty-acid-induced transcription. European Journal of Biochemistry 225 967-974.
113. Straub P, Lloyd M, Johnson EF & Kemper B 1994 Differential effects of mutations in substrate recognition site 1 of cytochrome P450 2C2 on lauric acid and progesterone bydroxylation. Biochemistry 33 8029-8034
114. Sundseth SS & Waxnian DJ 1992 Sex-dependent expression and ciofibrate inducibility of cytochrome P450 4A fatty acid omega-hydroxylases. Male specificity of liver and kidney CYP4A2 mRNA and tissue-specific regulation by growth hormone and testosterone. Journal af Biological Chemistry 267 3915-3921.
115. Tontonoz P, Hu E & Spiegelman BM 1994 Stimulation of adipogenesis in fibroblasts by PPAR gamma 2, a lipid-activated transcription factor. Cell 79 1147-1156.
116. Tontonoz P, Hu E, Devine J, Beale EG & Spiegelman BM 1995 PPAR gamma 2 regulates adipose expression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene. Molecular and Cellular Biology 15 351-357
117. Tugwood JD, Issemann I, Anderson RG, Bundell KR, McPheat WL & Green S 1992 The mouse peroxisome proliferator activated receptor recognizes a response element in the 5′ flanking sequence of the rat acyl CoA oxidase gene EMBO Journal 11 433-439.
118. Wahli W & Martinez E 1991 Superfamily of steroid nuclear receptors: positive and negative regulators of gene expression. FASEB Journal 5 2243-2249.
119. Wahli W, Braissant O & Desvergne B 1995 Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors: transcriptional regulators of adipogenesis, lipid metabolism and more. Chemistry and Biology 2 261-266.
120. Waxman DJ 1984 Rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme 2c. Identification as a male-specific, developmentally induced steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase and comparison to a female-specific cytochrome P-150 isoenzyme. Journal of Biological Chemistry 259 15481-15490.
121. Waxman DJ 1988 Interactions of hepatic cytochromes P-450 with steroid hormones. Regioselectivity and stereospecificity of steroid metabolism and hormonal regulation of rat P-450 enzyme expression. Biochemical Pharmacology 37 71-84
122. Waxman DJ 1992 Regulation of liver-specific steroid metabolizing cytochromes P450: Cholesterol 7α-riydroxylase, bile acid 6β-hydroxylase, and growth hormone-responsive steroid hormone hydroxylases. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 43 1055-1072.
123. Waxman DJ & Azaroff L 1992 Phenobarbital induction of cytochrome P-450 gene expression. Biochemical Journal 281 577-592.
124. Waxman DJ & Chang TKH 1995 Hormonal regulation of liver cytochrome P450 enzymes. In Cytochrome P450. Structure, Mechanism and Biochemistry, 2nd Edition, pp 391-417. Ed PR Ortiz de Montellano. New York: Plenum Press
125. Waxman D, Ko A & Walsh C 1983 Regioselectivity and stereospecificity of androgen hydroxylations catalyzed by cytochrome P450 isozymes purified from phenobarbital-induced rat liver. Journal of Biological Chemistry 258 11937-11947.
126. Waxman DJ, Momssey JJ, Naik S & Jauregui HO 1990 Phenobarbital induction of cytochromes P-450. High-level long-term responsiveness of primary rat hepatocyte cultures to drug induction, and glucocorticoid dependence of the phenobarbital response Biochemical Journal 271 113-119.
127. Webster NJG, Green S, Jin JR & Chambon P 1988 The hormone-binding domains of the estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors contain an inducible transcription activation function. Cell 54 199-207.
128. Winrow CJ, Marcus SL, Miyata KS, Zhang B, Capone JP & Rachubinski RA 1994 Transactivadon of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor is differentially modulated by hepatocyte nuclear factor-4. Gene Expression 4 53-62.
129. Wood AW, Ryan DE, Thomas PE & Levin W 1983 Regio- and stereoselective metabolism of two C19 steroids by five highly purified and reconstituted rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 isozymes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 258 8839-8847.
130. Wu HQ, Masset BJ, Tweedie DJ, Milewich L, Frenkel RA, Martin WC, Estabrook RW & Prough RA 1989 Induction of microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and cytochrome P-450IVA1 (P-450LA omega) by dehydroepiandrosterone in rats: a possible peroxisomal proliferator. Cancer Research 49 2337-2343.
131. Yamada J, Sakuma M, Ikeda T, Fukuda K & Suga T 1991 Characteristics of dehydroepiandrosterone as a peroxisome proliferator. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1092 233-243
132. Yamada J, Sakuma M, Ikeda T & Suga T 1994a Activation of dehydroepiandrosterone as a peroxisome proliferator by sulfate conjugation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 313 379-381.
133. Yamada J, Sugiyama H, Sakuma M & Suga T 1994b Specific binding of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate to rat liver cytosol: a possible association with peroxisomal enzyme induction. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1224 139-146.
134. Yamada J, Sugiyama H, Tamura H & Suga T 1994c Hormonal modulation of peroxisomal enzyme induction caused by peroxisome proliferators: suppression by growth and thyroid hormones in cultured rat hepatocytes. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 315 555-557.
135. Yamazoe Y, Gong D, Murayama N, Abu ZM & Kato R 1989 Regulation of hepatic cortisol sulfotransferase in rats by pituitary growth hormone. Molecular Pharmacology 35 707-712.
136. Yu K, Bayona W, Kallen CB, Harding HP, Ravera CP, McMahon G, Brown M & Lazar MA 1995 Differential activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors by eicosanoids. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270 23975-23983.
137. Yu VC, Delsert C, Andersen B, Holloway JM, Devary OV, Naar AM, Kim SY, Boutin JM, Glass CK & Rosenfeld MG 1991 RXRbeta: A coregulator that enhances binding of retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D receptors to their cognate response elements. Clin 67 1251-1266.
138. Zhang B, Marcus SL, Sajjadi FG, Alvares K, Reddy JK, Subramani S, Rachubinski RA & CaponeJP 1992 Identification of a peroxisome proliferator-responsive element upstream of the gene encoding rat peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 89 7541-7545.
139. Zhu Y, Alvares K, Huang Q, Rao MS & Reddy JK 1993 Cloning of a new member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene family from mouse liver. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268 26817-26820.
140. Zumorff B, Levin J, Rosenfeld RS, Markham M, Strain GW & Fukushima DK 1981 Abnormal 24-hr mean plasma concentrations of dehydroisoandrosterone and dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate in women with primary operable breast cancer. Cancer Research 41 3360-3363.