Mast cells in human fatty streaks and atheromas: Implications for intimal lipid accumulation

Current Opinion in Lipidology

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 281-286

  Kovanen, Petri T ^a  

^a WIHURI RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHYMASE; HEPARIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; HISTAMINE; LIPID; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; PROTEINASE;

ALLERGIC REACTION; ANIMAL CELL; AORTA; ARTERY INTIMA; ARTERY LESION; ATHEROMA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CELL TRANSFORMATION; CORONARY ARTERY; EXOCYTOSIS; FOAM CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; LIPID STORAGE; LIPOPROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; MAST CELL; MAST CELL DEGRANULATION; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PERITONEUM MACROPHAGE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; SECRETORY GRANULE; SHORT SURVEY;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0029846447     PISSN: 09579672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00041433-199610000-00004     Document Type: Short Survey

References (35)

1. Kitamura Y: Heterogeneity of mast cells and phenotypic changes between subpopulations. Annu Rev Immunol 1989, 7:59-76.
2. -, colony-forming cell. J Immunol 1993, 151:4221-4227.
3. Galli SJ: New concepts about the mast cell. N Engl J Med 1993, 328:257-265.
4. Schwartz LB, Austen KF: Structure and function of the chemical mediators of mast cells. Prog Allergy 1984, 34:271-321.
5. Kovanen PT: The mast cell - a potential link between inflammation and cellular cholesterol deposition in atherogenesis. Eur Heart J 1993, 14(suppl K):105-117.
6. Pollak OJ: Mast cells in the circulatory system of man. Circulation 1957, 16:1084-1089
7. Pouchlev A, Youroukova Z, Kiprov D: A study of changes in the number of mast cells in the human arterial wall during the stages of development of atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Res 1966, 6:342-351.
8. Kamio A, Taguchi T, Shiraishi M, Shimata K, Takebayashi S, Cleveland JC, Kummerow FA: Mast cells in human aorta. Arterial Wall 1979, 5:125-136.
9. Atkinson JB, Harlan CW, Harlan GC, Virmani R: The association of mast cells and atherosclerosis: a morphologic study of early atherosclerotic lesions in young people. Hum Pathol 1994, 25:154-159.
10. Stary HC: The sequence of cell and matrix changes in atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries in the first forty years of life. Eur Heart J 1990, 11(suppl E):3-19.
11. Constantinides P: Mast cells and susceptibility to experimental atherosclerosis. Science 1953, 117:505-506.
12. Jennings MA, Florey HW, Robinson DS, Salaman MR: The relationship of mast cells to fat transport. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1963, 103:313-321.
13. Kokkonen JO, Kovanen PT: The metabolism of low density lipoproteins by rat serosal mast cells. Eur Heart J 1990, 11(suppl E):134-146.
14. Kovanen PT: Role of mast cells in atherosclerosis. In Human basophils and mast cells: clinical aspects. Edited by Marone G. Basel, Switzerland: Karger AG. Chem Immunol 1995, 62:132-170.
15. Irani AA, Schechter NM, Craig SS, DeBlois G, Schwartz LB: Two types of human mast cells that have distinct neutral protease compositions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986, 83:4464-4468.
16. Kaartinen M, Penttilä A, Kovanen PT: Mast cells of two types differing in neutral protease composition in the human aortic intima: demonstration of tryptase- and tryptase/chymase-containing mast cells in normal intimas, fatty streaks, and the shoulder region of atheromas. Arterioscler Thromb 1994, 14:966-972.
17. Kaartinen M, Penttilä A, Kovanen PT: Accumulation of activated mast cells in the shoulder region of human coronary atheroma, the predilection site of atheromatous rupture. Circulation 1994, 90:1669-1678.
18. Guyton JR, Klemp KF, Black BL, Bocan TMA: Extracellular lipid deposition in atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 1990, 11(suppl E):20-28.
19. Kovanen PT, Kokkonen JO: Modification of low density lipoprotiens by secretory granules of rat serosal mast cells. J Biol Chem 1991, 266:4430-4436.
20. Urata H, Boehm KD, Philip A, Kinoshita A, Gabrovsek J, Bumbus FM, Husain A: Cellular localization and regional distribution of an angiotensin II-forming chymase in the heart. J Clin Invest 1993, 91:1269-1281.
21. Stary HC, Chandler AB, Glagov S, Guylon JR, Insull W Jr, Rosenfeld ME, Schaffer SA, Schwartz CJ, Wagner WD, Wissler RW: A definition of initial, fatty streak, and intermediate lesions of atherosclerosis: a report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Atherosclerosis, American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb 1994, 14: 840-856.
22. Kokkonen JO, Kovanen PT: Stimulation of mast cells leads to cholesterol accumulation in macrophages in vitro by a mast cell granule-mediated uptake of low density lipoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987, 84:2287-2291.
23. Ma H, Kovanen PT: IgE-dependent generation of foam cells: an immune mechanism involving degranulation of sensitized mast cells with resultant uptake of LDL by macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995, 15:811-819. First report to suggest a mechanistic link between immunoglobulin E and lipid accumulation in atherogenesis.
24. Wang Y, Lindstedt KA, Kovanen PT: Mast cell granule remnants carry LDL into smooth muscle cells of the synthetic phenotype and induce their conversion into foam cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995, 15:801-810. First demonstration of the ability of mast cells to generate foam cells from smooth muscle cells.
25. Kovanen PT: Mast cell granule-mediated uptake of low density lipoproteins by macrophages: a novel carrier mechanism leading to the formation of foam cells. Ann Med 1991, 23:551-559.
26. Kaartinen M, Penttilä A, Kovanen PT: Extracellular mast cell granules carry apolipoprotein B-100-containing lipoproteins into phagocytes in human arterial intima: functional coupling of exocytosis and phagocytosis in neighboring cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995, 15:2047-2054. First ultrastructural study demonstrating the presence of the granule carrier pathway in the human arterial intima. The study does not allow the estimation of the relative importance of this pathway in human fatty streak formation.
27. Kokkonen JO, Kovanen PT: Proteolytic enzymes of mast cell granules degrade low density lipoproteins and promote their granule-mediated uptake by macrophages in vitro. J Biol Chem 1989, 264:10749-10755
28. Kokkonen JO, Lindstedt KA, Kovanen PT: Metabolism of LDL in mast cells recovering from degranulation: description of a novel intracellular pathway leading to proteolytic modification of the lipoprotein. Arterioscler Thromb 1993, 13:276-285.
29. Kokkonen JO, Kovanen PT: Low density lipoprotein degradation by rat mast cells: demonstration of extracellular proteolysis caused by mast cell granules. J Biol Chem 1985, 260:14756-14763.
30. Virgolim I, Li S-R, Yang Q, Koller E, Sperr WR, Leimer M, Angelberger P, Nimpf J, Schneider W, Valent P: Characterization of LDL and VLDL binding sites on human basophils and mast cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995, 15:17-26.
31. Hamann K, Grabbe J, Welker P, Haas N, Algermissen B, Czarnetzki BM: Phenotypic evaluation of cultured human mast and basophilic cells and of normal human skin mast cells. Arch Dermatol Res 1994, 286: 380-385.
32. Lee M, Lindstedt LK, Kovanen PT: Mast cell-mediated inhibition of reverse cholesterol transport. Arterioscter Thromb 1992, 12:1329-1335.
33. Lindstedt L, Lee M, Castro GR, J-C Fruchart, Kovanen PT: Chymase in exocytosed rat mast cell granules effectively proteolyzes apolipoprotein Al-containing lipoproteins, so reducing the cholesterol efflux-inducing ability of serum and aortic intimal fluid. J Clin Invest 1996, 97:2174-2182. Suggests that chymase of exocytosed mast cell granules proteolyzes apoA-1-containing particles present in the extracellular fluid of the human arterial intima, and so may inhibit cholesterol efflux from intimal foam cells.
34. Kovanen PT, Kaartinen M, Paavonen T: Infiltrates of activated mast cells at the site of coronary atheromatous erosion of rupture in myocardial infarction. Circulation 1995, 92:1084-1088. First demonstration of mast cells being one component of the inflammatory cell infiltrates found at the site of coronary plaque rupture.
35. 84 bond by mast cell chymase. J Biol Chem 1994, 269:18134-18140.