Cardiovascular adaptation to spaceflight

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 28, Issue 8, 1996, Pages 977-982

  Hargens, Alan R ^a   Watenpaugh, Donald E ^a  

^a NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

COUNTERMEASURES; GRAVITATIONAL BLOOD PRESSURES; HUMAN; MICROCIRCULATION; MICROGRAVITY; WEIGHTLESSNESS

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE; CONFERENCE PAPER; EXERCISE; FLUID BALANCE; HEART FUNCTION; HUMAN; MICROCIRCULATION; MICROGRAVITY; PLASMA VOLUME; PRESSORECEPTOR REFLEX; SPACE FLIGHT; VENOUS PRESSURE;

EID: 0029837820     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199608000-00007     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (57)

1. ARATOW, M., R. E. BALLARD, A. G. CRENSHAW, et al. Intramuscular pressure and electromyography as indexes of force during isokinetic exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 74:2634-2640, 1993.
2. ARATOW, M., A. R. HARGENS, J.-U. MEYER, and S. B. ARNAUD. Postural responses of head and foot cutaneous microvascular flow and their sensitivity to bed rest. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 62:246-251, 1991.
3. ARNAUD, S. B., M. R. POWELL, J. VERNIKOS-DANELLIS, and P. BUCHANAN. Bone mineral and body composition after 30 day head down tilt bed rest. J. Bone Min. Res. 3:S119, 1988.
4. ATKOV, O. Y. and V. S. BENDENKO. Hypokinesia and Weightlessness: Clinical and Physiological Aspects. Madison, CT: International Universities Press, 1992.
5. BLOMQVIST, C. G. and H. L. STONE. Cardiovascular adjustments to gravitational stress. In: Handbook of Physiology: The Cardiovascular System, Vol. 3, Sec. 2, Chap. 28, J. T. Shepherd and F. M. Abboud (Eds.). Bethesda: American Physiological Society, 1983, pp. 1025-1063.
6. BUCKEY, J. C., F. A. GAFFNEY, L. D. LANE, B. D. LEVINE, D. E. WATENPAUGH, and C. G. BLOMQVIST. Central venous pressure in space. N. Engl. J. Med. 328:1853-1854, 1993.
7. BUCKEY, J. C., F. A. GAFFNEY, L. D. LANE, et al. Central venous pressure in space. J. Appl. Physiol. 81:19-25, 1996.
8. BUCKEY, J. C., L. D. LANE, B. D. LEVINE, et al. Orthostatic intolerance after spaceflight. J. Appl. Physiol. 81:7-18, 1996.
9. BUNGO, M. W., J. B. CHARLES, and P. C. JOHNSON. Cardiovascular deconditioning during space flight and the use of saline as a countermeasure to orthostatic intolerance. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 56:985-990, 1985.
10. CHARLES, J. B. Fluid loading as a countermeasure to orthostatic intolerance after space shuttle flights. 64th Annual Aerospace Medical Association Meeting Program, 1993, p. A63.
11. CHARLES, J. B. and C. M. LATHERS. Cardiovascular adaptation to spaceflight. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 31:1010-1023, 1991.
12. CHARLES, J. B., M. M. JONES, and S. M. FORTNEY. Saline ingestion during lower body negative pressure as an end-of-mission countermeasure to post-space flight orthostatic intolerance. 43rd Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, IAF/IAA-92-0267, 1992.
13. CONVERTINO, V. A. Physiological adaptations to weightlessness: effects on exercise and work performance. In: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, Vol. 18, Chap. 4, K. B. Pandolf (Ed.). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1990, pp. 119-167.
14. DRUMMER, C., M. HEER, R. A. DRESSENDORFER, C. J. STRASBURGER, and R. GERZER. Reduced natriuresis during weightlessness. Clin. Invest. 71:678-686, 1993.
15. ENGELKE, K. A., C. G. CRANDALL, V. A. CONVERTINo. Effects of a single bout of exhaustive exercise on integrated baroreflex function following bedrest. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 26:S132, 1994.
16. ESTENNE, M., M. GORINI, A. VAN MUYLEM, V. NINANE, and M. PAIVA. Rib cage shape and motion in microgravity. J. Appl. Physiol. 73:946-954, 1992.
17. FOLDAGER, N., T. A. E. ANDERSEN, F. B. JESSEN, P. ELLEGAARD, C. STADEAGER, R. VIDEBAEK, and P. NORSK. Central venous pressure during weightlessness in humans: results of parabolic flights and the Spacelab D-2 mission. J. Appl. Physiol. (in press).
18. FORTNEY, S. M. Development of lower body negative pressure as a countermeasure for orthostatic intolerance. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 31:888-892, 1991.
19. FORTNEY, S. M., J. B. CHARLES, M. WOOD, and L. DUSSACK. Responses to graded lower body negative pressure after space flight. 43rd Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, IAF/IAA-92-0266, 1992.
20. FORTNEY, S. M., J. CHARLES, M. WOOD, and L. DUSSACK. Responses to graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) after space flight. FASEB J. 7:A665, 1993.
21. FRITSCH, J. M., J. B. CHARLES, B. S. BENNETT, M. M. JONES, and D. L. ECKBERG. Short-duration spaceflight impairs human carotid baroreceptor-cardiac reflex responses. J. Appl. Physiol. 73:664-671, 1992.
22. FUNG, Y. C. What are the residual stresses doing in our blood vessels. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 19:237-249, 1991.
23. GARSHNEK, V. Long-duration Soviet manned space flight: the development and implementation of postflight recovery measures. In: Working in Orbit and Beyond: The Challenges for Space Medicine, Vol. 72, D. B. Lorr, V. Garshnek, and C. Cadoux. San Diego: Univelt, Inc., 1989, pp. 127-132.
24. HARGENS, A. R. Fluid shifts in vascular and extravascular spaces during and after simulated weightlessness. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 15:421-427, 1983.
25. HARGENS, A. R. Interstitial fluid pressure and lymph flow. In: Handbook of Bioengineering, Vol. 19, R. Skalak and S. Chien. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1986, pp. 1-35.
26. HARGENS, A. R. Recent bed rest results and countermeasure development at NASA. Acta. Physiol. Scand. 150:103-114, 1994.
27. HARGENS, A. R., S. M. FORTNEY, R. E. BALLARD, et al. Supine treadmill exercise during lower body negative pressure provides equivalent cardiovascular stress to upright exercise in 1 G. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 65:463(147), 1994.
28. HARGENS, A. R., D. H. GERSHUNI, L. A. DANZIG, R. W. MILLARD, and K. PETTERSON. Tissue adaptations to gravitational stress: newborn versus adult giraffes. Physiologist 31:S110-S113, 1988.
29. HARGENS, A. R., R. W. MILLARD, K. PETTERSSON, and K. JOHANSEN. Gravitational haemodynamics and oedema prevention in the giraffe. Nature 329:59-60, 1987.
30. HARGENS, A. R., D. E. WATENPAUGH, and G. A. BREIT. Control of circulatory function in altered gravitational fields. Physiologist 35:S80-S83, 1992.
31. HARGENS, A. R., R. T. WHALEN, D. E. WATENPAUGH, D. F. SCHWANDT, and L. P. KROCK. Lower body negative pressure to provide load bearing in space. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 62: 934-937, 1991.
32. HENRIKSEN, O. and P. SEJRSEN. Local reflex in microcirculation in human cutaneous tissue. Acta Physiol. Scand. 98:227-231, 1976.
33. HENRY, W. L., S. E. EPSTEIN, J. M. GRIFFITH, R. T. N. GOLDSTEIN, and D. R. REDWOOD. Effect of prolonged space flight on cardiac function and dimensions. In: Biomedical Results from Skylab, Chap. 35, R. S. Johnston and L. F. Dietlein (Eds.). Washington, DC: NASA, 1977, pp. 366-371 (SP 377).
34. JOHNSON, R. L., G. W. HOFFLER, A. E. NICOGOSSIAN, S. A. BERGMAN, and M. M. JACKSON. Lower body negative pressure: third manned Skylab mission. In: Biomedical Results From Skylab, Chap. 29, R. S. Johnston and L. F. Dietlein (Eds.). Washington, DC: NASA, 1977, pp. 284-312 (SP-377).
35. KAWAI, Y. K., G. MURTHY, D. E. WATENPAUGH, G. A. BREIT, C. W. DEROSHIA, and A. R. HARGENS. Effects of 24 hours head-down tilt on cerebral blood flow velocity in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 74:3046-3051, 1993.
36. KIRSCH, K. A., L. ROCKER, O. H. GAUER, and R. KRAUSE. Venous pressure in microgravity. Naturwissenschaften 73:447-449, 1986.
37. KIRSCH, K. A., L. ROCKER, O. H. GAUER, et al. Venous pressure in man during weightlessness. Science 225:218-219, 1984.
38. LEACH, C. S. and P. C. JOHNSON. Influence of spaceflight on erythrokinetics in man. Science 225:216-218, 1984.
39. LEACH, C. S., S. I. ALTCHULER, and N. M. CINTRON-TREVINO. The endocrine and metabolic responses to space flight. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 15:432-440, 1983.
40. LEVICK, J. R. and C. C. MICHEL. The effects of position and skin temperature on the capillary pressures in the fingers and toes. J. Physiol. 274:97-109, 1978.
41. MULVAGH, S. L., J. B. CHARLES, J. M. RIDDLE, T. L. REHBEIN, and M. W. BUNGO. Echocardiographic evaluation of the cardiovascular effects of short-duration spaceflight. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 31:1024-1026, 1991.
42. MURTHY, G., R. J. MARCHBANKS, D. E. WATENPAUGH, and A. R. HARGENS. Increased intracranial pressure in humans during simulated microgravity. Physiologist 35:S184-S185, 1992.
43. MURTHY, G., D. E. WATENPAUGH, R. E. BALLARD, and A. R. HARGENS. Supine exercise during lower body negative pressure effectively simulates upright exercise in normal gravity. J. Appl. Physiol. 76:2742-2748, 1994.
44. NORSK, P., N. FOLDAGER, F. BONDE-PETERSEN, B. ELMANN-LARSEN, and T. S. JOHANSEN. Central venous pressure in humans during short periods of weightlessness. J. Appl. Physiol. 63:2433-2437, 1987.
45. PARAZYNSKI, S. E., A. R. HARGENS, B. TUCKER, M. ARATOW, J. STYF, and A. CRENSHAW. Transcapillary fluid shifts in tissues of the head and neck during and after simulated microgravity. J. Appl. Physiol. 71:2469-2475, 1991.
46. PHILPOTT, D. E., A. POPOVA, K. KATO, J. STEVENSON, J. MIQUEL, and W. SAPP. Morphological and biochemical examination of Cosmos 1887 rat heart tissue: part I - ultrastructure. FASEB J. 4:73-78, 1990.
47. ROWELL, L. B. Human Cardiovascular Control. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. 64-65, 128-129.
48. TALBOT, J. M. and K. D. FISHER. Influence of space flight on red blood cells. Fed. Proc. 45:2285-2290, 1986.
49. THORNTON, W. E. and G. W. HOFFLER. Hemodynamic studies of the legs under weightlessness. In: Biomedical Results From Skylab, Chap. 21, R. S. Johnston and L. F. Dietlein (Eds.). Washington, DC: NASA, 1977, pp. 324-329 (SP-377).
50. THORNTON, W. E., G. W. HOFFLER, and J. A. RUMMEL. Anthropometric changes and fluid shifts. In: Biomedical Results From Skylab, Chap. 32, R. S. Johnston and L. F. Dietlein (Eds.). Washington, DC: NASA, 1977, pp. 330-338 (SP-377).
51. THORNTON, W. E., T. P. MOORE, and S. L. POOL. Fluid shifts in weightlessness. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 58(Suppl.): A86-A90, 1987.
52. THORNTON, W. E., T. P. MOORE, S. L. POOL, and J. VANDERPLOEG. Clinical characterization and etiology of space motion sickness. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 58:A1-A8, 1987.
53. VERNIKOS, J., D. A. LUDWIG, and V. A. CONVERTINO. Comparison of saline and fludrocortisone as fluid-loading countermeasures following exposure to simulated microgravity. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 63:388, 1992.
54. WATENPAUGH, D. E., R. E. BALLARD, S. M. FORTNEY, and A. R. HARGENS. Larger waist seal area decreases the lower body negative pressure required to produce a given level of footward force. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 65:463(148), 1994.
55. WATENPAUGH, D. E., R. E. BALLARD, M. S. STOUT, G. MURTHY, R. T. WHALEN, and A. R. HARGENS. Dynamic leg exercise improves tolerance to lower body negative pressure. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 65:412-418, 1994.
56. WATENPAUGH, D. E. and A. R. HARGENS. The cardiovascular system in microgravity. In: Handbook of Physiology, Sec. 4, Adaptation to the Environment, M. J. Fregly and C. M. Blatteis (Eds.). III: The gravitational environment, 1: Microgravity, Chap. 29. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995, pp. 631-674.
57. WILLIAMSON, J. R., N. J. VOGLER, and C. KILO. Regional variations in the width of the basement membrane of muscle capillaries in man and giraffe. Am. J. Pathol. 63:359-367, 1975.