Role of the conserved carboxy-terminal α-helix of Rad6p in ubiquitination and DNA repair

Molecular Microbiology

Volumn 21, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 1197-1206

  Dor, Yuval ^a   Raboy, Bilha ^a   Kulka, Richard G ^a  

^a HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

UBIQUITIN CONJUGATING ENZYME;

ARTICLE; BACTERIUM MUTANT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA REPAIR; ENZYME ACTIVITY; MUTATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); EUKARYOTA; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE;

EID: 0029830996     PISSN: 0950382X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.671433.x     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Alagraman, K., Naider, F., and Becker, J.M. (1995) A recognition component of the ubiquitin system is required for peptide transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Microbiol 15: 225-234.
2. Arnason, T., and Ellison, M.J. (1994) Stress resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is strongly correlated with assembly of a novel type of multiubiquitin chain. Mol Cell Biol 14: 7876-7883.
3. Bailly, V., Lamb, J., Sung, P., Prakash, S., and Prakash, L. (1994) Specific complex formation between yeast RAD6 and RAD18 proteins: A potential mechanism for targeting RAD6 ubiquitin conjugating activity to DNA damage sites. Genes Dev 8: 811-820.
4. Brosius, J., and Holy, A. (1984) Regulation of ribosomal RNA promoters with a synthetic lac operator. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 6929-6933.
5. Cassier-Chauvat, C., and Fabre, F. (1991) A similar defect in UV-induced mutagenesis conferred by the rad6 and rad18 mutations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutat Res 254: 247-253.
6. Chen, Z.J., Parent, L., and Maniatis, T. (1996) Site-specific phosphorylation of IκBα by a novel ubiquitination-dependent protein kinase activity. Cell 84: 853-862.
7. Cook, W.J., Jefrey, L.C., Sullivan, M.L., and Vierstra, R.D. (1992) Three dimensional structure of a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2). J Biol Chem 267: 15116-15121.
8. Dohmen, R.J., Madura, K., Bartel, B., and Varshavsky, A. (1991) The N-end rule is mediated by the UBC2 (RAD6) ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 7351-7355.
9. Ellison, K.S., Gwozd, T., Prendergast, J.A., Paterson, M.C., and Ellison, M.J. (1991) A site-directed approach for constructing temperature-sensitive ubiquitin conjugating enzymes reveals a cell cycle function and growth function for RAD6. J Biol Chem 266: 24116-24120.
10. Fabre, F., Magana-Schwercke, N., and Chanet, R. (1989) Isolation of the RAD18 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and construction of rad18 deletion mutants. Mol Gen Genet 215: 425-430.
11. Gietz, R.D., and Sugino, A. (1988) New yeast-Escherichia coli shuttle vectors constructed with in vitro mutagenized yeast genes lacking six base pair restriction sites. Gene 74: 527-534.
12. Haladus, E., Swietlinska, Z., Zaborowska, D., and Zuk, J. (1982) DNA replication in a diploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae homozygous for the rad6-1 mutation. J Bacteriol 152: 517-520.
13. Hatfield, P.M., and Vierstra, R.D. (1989) Ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway in wheat germ: isolation of multiple forms of ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E1. Biochemistry 28: 735-742.
14. Hatfield, P.M., and Vierstra, R.D. (1992) Multiple forms of ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 from wheat. Identification of an essential cysteine by in vitro mutagenesis. J Biol Chem 267: 14799-14803.
15. Heinemeyer, W., Gruhler, A., Mohrle, V., Mahe, Y., and Wolf, D.H. (1993) PRE2, highly homologous to the human major histocompatability complex linked RING10 gene, codes for a yeast proteasome subunit necessary for chymotryptic activity and degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. J Biol Chem 268: 5115-5120.
16. Hicke, L., and Riezman, H. (1996) Ubiquitination of a yeast plasma membrane receptor signals its ligand-stimulated endocytosis. Cell 84: 277-287.
17. Hilt, W., Enenkel, C., Gruhler, A., Singer, T., and Wolf, D.H. (1993) The PRE4 gene codes for a subunit of the yeast proteasome necessary for peptidylglutamyl-peptide-hydrolyzing activity. Mutations link the proteasome to stress and ubiquitin dependent proteolysis. J Biol Chem 268: 3479-3486.
18. Hochstrasser, M. (1996) Protein degradation or regulation: Ub the judge. Cell 84: 813-815.
19. Jentsch, S. (1992) The ubiquitin conjugation system. Annu Rev Genet 26: 177-205.
20. Jentsch, S., and Schlenker, S. (1995) Selective protein degradation: a journeys end within the proteasome. Cell 82: 881-884.
21. Jentsch, S., McGrath, J.P., and Varshavsky, A. (1987) The yeast DNA repair gene RAD6 encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Nature 329: 131-134.
22. Kaiser, C., Michaelis, S., and Mitchell, A. (1994) Methods in Yeast Genetics. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
23. Kang, X., Yadao, F., Gietz, R.D., and Kunz, B.A. (1992) Elimination of the yeast RAD6 ubiquitin conjugase enhances base-pair transition and GC→TA transversions as well as transposition of the Ty element : implication for the control of spontaneous mutation. Genetics 130: 285-294.
24. Koken, M., Reynolds, P., Jaspers-Dekker, I., Prakash, L., Prakash, S., Bootsma, D., and Hoeijmakers, J., (1991) Structural and functional conservation of two human homologs of the yeast DNA repair gene RAD6. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 8865-8869.
25. Kornitzer, D., Raboy, B., Kulka, R.G., and Fink, G.R. (1994) Regulated degradation of the transcription factor Gcn4. EMBO J 13: 6021-6030.
26. Kupiec, M., and Simchen, G. (1984) Cloning and integrative deletion of the RAD6 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 8: 559-566.
27. Lawrence, C. (1994) The RAD6 DNA repair pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: what does it do, and how does it do it? Bioessays 16: 253-258.
28. Liebman, S.W., and Newman, G. (1993) A ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, RAD6, affects the distribution of Ty1 retrotransposon integration positions. Genetics 133: 499-508.
29. Madura, K., and Varshavsky, A. (1994) Degradation of Gα by the N-end rule pathway. Science 265: 1454-1458.
30. Madura, K., Dohmen, R.J., and Varshavsky, A. (1993) N-recognin/Ubc2 interactions in the N-end rule pathway. J Biol Chem 268: 12046-12054.
31. McDonough, M., Sangan, P., and Gonda, D.K. (1995) Characterization of novel yeast RAD6 (UBC2) ubiquitin conjugating enzyme mutants constructed by charge to alanine scanning mutagenesis. J Bacteriol 177: 580-585.
32. Morrison, A., Miller, E.J., and Prakash, L. (1988) Domain structure and functional analysis of the carboxyl-terminal polyacidic sequence of the RAD6 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 8: 1179-1185.
33. Papa, F.R., and Hochstrasser, M. (1993) The yeast DOA4 gene encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme related to a product of the human tre-2 oncogene. Nature 366: 313-319.
34. Picologlou, S., Brown, N., and Liebman, S.W. (1990) Mutations in RAD6, a yeast gene encoding a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, stimulate retrotransposition. Mol Cell Biol 10: 1017-1022.
35. Prakash, L. (1994) The RAD6 gene and protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ann N Y Acad Sci 26: 267-273.
36. Prakash, S., Sung, P., and Prakash, L. (1993) DNA repair genes and proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Annu Rev Genet 27: 33-70.
37. Raboy, B., and Kulka, R.G. (1994) Role of the C-terminus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (Rad6) in substrate and ubiquitin protein ligase (E3-R) interactions. Eur J Biochem 221: 247-251.
38. Reynolds, P., Weber, S., and Prakash, L. (1985) RAD6 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a protein containing a tract of 13 consecutive aspartates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 168-172.
39. Richter-Ruof, B., Heinemeyer, W., and Wolf, D.H. (1992) The proteasome/multicatalytic multifunctional proteinase: in vivo function in the ubiquitin-dependent N-end rule pathway of protein degradation in eukaryotes. FEBS Lett 302: 192-196.
40. Rubin, D.M., and Finley, D. (1995) Proteolysis. The proteasome: a protein-degrading organelle? Curr Biol 5: 854-858.
41. Seufert, W., and Jentsch, S. (1992) In vivo function of the proteasome in the ubiquitin pathway. EMBO J 11: 3077-3080.
42. Sharon, G., Raboy, B., Parag, H., Dimitrovsky, D., and Kulka, R.G. (1991) RAD6 gene product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires a putative ubiquitin protein ligase (E3) for the ubiquitination of certain proteins. J Biol Chem 266: 15890-15894.
43. Sikorski, R.S., and Hieter, P. (1989) A system of shuttle vectors and yeast host strains designed for efficient manipulation of DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 122: 19-27.
44. Spence, J., Sadis, S., Haas, A.L, and Finley, D. (1995) A ubiquitin mutant with specific defects in DNA repair and multiubiquitination. Mol Cell Biol 15: 1265-1273.
45. Spencer, F., Hugerat, Y., Simchen, G., Hurko, O., Connelly, C., and Mieter, P. (1994) Yeast kar1 mutants provide an effective method for YAC transfer to new hosts. Genomics 22: 118-124.
46. Sung, P., Prakash, S., and Prakash, L. (1988) The RAD6 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae polyubiquitinates histones, and its acidic domain mediates this activity. Genes Dev 2: 1476-1485.
47. Sung, P., Prakash, S., and Prakash, L. (1990) Mutation of cysteine-88 in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD6 protein abolishes its ubiquitin-conjugating activity and its various biological functions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 2695-2699.
48. Sung, P., Prakash, S., and Prakash, L. (1991) Stable ester conjugates between the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD6 protein and ubiquitin has no biological activity. J Mol Biol 221: 745-749.
49. Watkins, J.F., Sung, P., Prakash, S., and Prakash, L. (1993) The extremely conserved amino-terminus of RAD6 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme is essential for amino-end rule-dependent protein degradation. Genes Dev 7: 250-261.
50. Wu, R.S., Kohn, K.W., and Bonner, W.M. (1981) Metabolism of ubiquitinated histones. J Biol Chem 256: 5916-5920.