Glia: The not so innocent bystanders

Journal of NeuroVirology

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 234-239

  Chao, Chun C ^a   Hu, Shuxian ^a   Peterson, Phillip K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Astrocytes; Cytokine; Glutamate; Microglia; Neurotoxicity; Nitric oxide

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; CYTOKINE; GLUTAMIC ACID; INTERLEUKIN 1; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; NEUROTOXIN; NITRIC OXIDE; QUINOLINIC ACID DERIVATIVE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; THROMBOCYTE ACTIVATING FACTOR; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

ASTROCYTE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; GLIA CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MICROGLIA; NERVE DEGENERATION; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NEUROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHORT SURVEY;

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1;

EID: 0029818211     PISSN: 13550284     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/13550289609146886     Document Type: Short Survey

References (61)

1. Ankarcrona M, Bypbukt JM, Bontoco E, Zhivotovsky B, Orrenlus S, Lipton SA, Nicotera P (1995). Glutamate-induced neuronal death: a succession of necrosis or apoptosis depending on mitochondrial function. Neuron 15: 1-20.
2. Beckman JS, Beckman TW, Chen J, Marshal PA, Freeman BD (1990). Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxinitrite: Implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 1620-1624.
3. Bernton EW, Bryant HU, Decoster MA, Orenstein JM, Ribas JL, Meltzer MS, Gendelman HE (1992). No direct neurotoxicity by HIV-1 virons or culture fluids from HIV-1 infected T cells or monocytes. AIDS Res Human Retroviruses 8: 495-503.
4. 2+ in hippocampal neurons. Neuron 9: 285-294.
5. Boje KM, Arora PK (1992). Microglia-produced nitric oxide and reactive nitrogen oxides mediate neuronal cell death. Brain Res 587: 250-256.
6. Bonfoco E, Krainc D, Ankarcrona M, Nicotera P, Lipton SA (1995). Apoptosis and necrosis: two distinct events induced, respectively, by mild and intense insults with N-methyl-D-aspartate or nitric oxide/superoxide in cortical cell cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 7162-7166.
7. Bukrinsky MI, Nottet HSLM, Schmidtmayerova H, Dubrovsky L, Flanagan CR, Mullins ME, Lipton SA, Gendelman HE (1994). Regulation of nitric oxide synthase activity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected monocytes: implications for HIV-associated neurologic disease. J Exp Med 181: 735-745.
8. Chao CC, Hu S, Molitor TW, Shaskan EG, Peterson PK (1992a). Activated microglia mediate neuronal cell injury via a nitric oxide mechanism. J Immunol 149: 2736-2741.
9. Chao CC, Hu S, Tsang M, Weatherbee J, Molitor TW, Anderson WR, Peterson PK (1992b). Effects of transforming growth factor-β on murine astrocyte glutamine synthetase activity: Implications in neuronal injury. J Clin Invest 90: 1786-1793.
10. Chao CC, Molitor TW, Hu S (1993). Neuroprotective role of IL-4 against activated microglia. J Immunol 151: 1473-1481.
11. Chao CC, Hu S (1994). Tumor necrosis factor-α potentiates glutamate neurotoxicity in human fetal brain cell cultures. Dev Neurosci 16: 172-179.
12. Chao CC, Gekker G, Hu S, Peterson PK (1994a). Human microglial cell defense against Toxoplasma gondii: the role of cytokines. J Immunol 152: 1246-1252.
13. Chao CC, Hu S, Kravitz FH, Tsang M, Anderson WR, Peterson PK (1994b). Transforming growth factor-β protects human neurons against β-amyloid-induced injury. Molec Chem Neuropathol 23: 159-178.
14. Chao CC, Hu S, Sheng WS, Peterson PK (1995a). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by human fetal microglial cells: regulation by other cytokines. Dev Neurosci 17: 97-105.
15. Chao CC, Hu S, Sheng WS, Tsang M, Peterson PK (1995b). Tumor necrosis factor-α mediates the release of bioactive transforming growth factor-β in microglial cell cultures. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 77: 358-365.
16. Chao CC, Hu S, Peterson PK (1995c). Modulation of human microglial cell superoxide production by cytokines. J Leukocyte Biol 58: 65-70.
17. Chao CC, Hu S, Erhlich L, Peterson PK (1995d). Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α synergistically mediate neurotoxicity: involvement of nitric oxide and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Brain Behav Immun 9: 355-365.
18. Chao CC, Hu S, Sheng WS, Bu D-F, Bukrinsky MI, Peterson PK (1996). Cytokine-stimulated astrocytes damage human neurons via a nitric oxide mechanism. Glia 16: 276-284.
19. Clark GD, Happel LT, Zorumski GF, Bazan NG (1992). Enhancement of hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission by platelet-activating factor. Neuron 9: 1211-1216.
20. Colton CA, Yao J, Keri JE, Gilbert D (1992). Regulation of microglial function by interferons. J Neuroimmunol 30: 89-98.
21. Constam DB, Phillip J, Malipiero UV, ten Dijke P, Schachner M, Fontana A (1992). Differential expression of transforming growth factor-β1, β2, and β3 by glioblastoma cells, astrocytes, and microglia. J Immunol 148: 1404-1410.
22. da Cunha A, Vitkovic L (1992). Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) expression regulation in rat cortical astrocytes. J Neuroimmunol 36: 157-169.
23. Dawson VL, Dawson TM, London ED, Bredt DS, Snyder SH (1991). Nitric oxide mediates glutamate neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 6368-6370.
24. del Rio-Hortega P (1932). Microglia. In: Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Nervous System. Penfield W, (ed). vol. 2. Paul P. Hocker: New York, pp 481-584.
25. Dickson DW, Mattiace LA, Kure K, Hutchins K, Lyman WD, Brosnan CF (1991). Microglia in human disease, with an emphasis on acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Lab Invest 64: 135-156.
26. Eddleston M, Mucke L (1993). Molecular profile of reactive astrocytes-implications for their role in neurologic disease. Neuroscience 54: 15-36.
27. Espey MG, Moffett JR, Namboodiri MAA (1995). Temporal and spatial changes of quinolinic acid immunoreactivity in the immune system of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mice. J Leukocyte Biol 57: 199-206.
28. Floyd RA (1990). Role of oxygen free radicals in carcinogenesis and brain ischaemia. FASEB J 4: 2587-2597.
29. Gelbard HA, Dzenko KA, DiLoreto D, del Cerro C, del Cerro M, Epstein LG (1993). Neurotoxic effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha in primary human neuronal cultures are mediated by activation of the glutamate AMPA receptor subtype: implications for AIDS neuropathogenesis. Dev Neurosci 15: 417-422.
30. Gelbard HA, Nottet H, Dzenko KA, Jett M, Genis P, White R, Wang L, Choi Y-B, Zhang D, Lipton SA, Swindells S, Epstein LG, Gendelman HE (1994). Platelet-activating factor: A - candidate human immunodeficiency virus type-1-infected neurotoxin. J Virol 68: 4628-4635.
31. Gendelman HE, Lipton SA, Tardieu M, Bukrinsky MI, Nottet HSLM (1994). The neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. J Leukocyte Biol 56: 389-398.
32. Genis P, Jett M, Bernton EW, Boyle T, Gelbard HA, Dzenko K, Keane RW, Resnick L, Mizrachi Y, Volsky RW, Epstein LG, Gendelman HE (1992). Cytokines and arachidonic metabolites produced during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected macrophage-astroglia interactions: implications for the neuropathogenesis of HIV disease. J Exp Med 176: 1703-1718.
33. Giulian D, Vaca K, Noonan CA (1991). Secretion of neurotoxins by mononuclear phagocytes infected with HIV-1. Science 250: 1-593-1596.
34. Giulian D (1995). Brain mononuclear phagocytes drive CNS injury during HIV-1 infection. In: Pathophysiology of Astrocytes and Microglia: Focus on Multiple Sclerosis and HIV-related Brain Damage. Institute Superiore Sanita: Rome. Abst. 25.
35. Hertz L (1979). Functional interactions between neurons and astrocytes. I. Turnover and metabolism of putative amino acid transmitters. Prog Neurobiol 13: 277-323.
36. Hewett SJ, Csernansky CA, Choi DW (1994). Selective potentiation of NMDA-induced neuronal injury following induction of astrocyte iNOS. Neuron 13: 487-494.
37. Hu S, Sheng WS, Peterson PK, Chao CC (1994). Cytokine modulation of murine microglial cell superoxide production. Glia 13: 45-50.
38. Hu S, Sheng WS, Peterson PK, Chao CC (1995). Differential regulation by cytokines of production of nitric oxide by human astrocytes. Glia 15: 491-494.
39. Jaranowska A, Bussolino F, Sogos V, Arese M, Lauro GM, Gremo F (1995). Platelet-activating factor production by human fetal microglia. Mol Chem Neuropathol 24: 95-106.
40. Lee SC, Liu W, Dickson DW, Brosnan CF, Berman JW (1993a). Cytokine production by human fetal microglia and astrocytes: differential induction by lipopolysaccharide and IL-1β. J Immunol 150: 2659-2667.
41. Lee SC, Dickson DW, Liu W, Brosnan CF (1993b). Induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in human astrocytes by interleukin-1β and interferon-gamma. J Neuroimmunol 46: 19-24.
42. Lee SC, Dickson DW, Brosnan CF, Casadevall A (1994). Human astrocytes inhibit Cryptococcus neoformans growth by a nitric oxide-mediated mechanism. J Exp Med 180: 365-369.
43. Lipton SA, Choi Y-B, Pan Z-H, Lei SZ, Chen H-SV, Sucher NJ, Loscalzo J, Singel DJ, Stamler JS (1993). A redox-based mechanism for the neuroprotective and neurodestructive effects of nitric oxide and related nitroso-compounds. Nature 364: 626-632.
44. Lipton SA (1994). HIV-related neuronal injury. Potential therapeutic intervention with calcium channel antagonists and NMDA antagonists. Mol Neurobiol 8: 181-196.
45. Lipton SA, Gendelman HE (1995). Dementia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 332: 934-940.
46. Mucke L, Eddleston M (1993). Astrocytes in infectious and immune-mediated diseases of the central nervous system. FASEB J 7: 1226-1232.
47. Nottet HSLM, Jett M, Flanagan CR, Zhai Q-H, Persidsky Y, Rizzino N, Bernton EW, Genis P, Baldwin T, Schwartz J, LaBenz CJ, Gendelman HE (1995). A regulatory role for astrocytes in HIV-1 encephalitis. An overexpression of eicosanoids, platelet-activating factor, and tumor necrosis factor-α by activated HIV-1-infected monocytes is attenuated by primary human astrocytes. J Immunol 154: 3567-3581.
48. Perry VH, Gordon S (1988). Macrophages and microglia in the nervous system. TINS 11: 273-277.
49. Peterson PK, Hu S, Anderson WR, Chao CC (1994). Nitric oxide production and neurotoxicity mediated by activated microglia from human versus mouse brain. J Infect Dis 170: 457-460.
50. Peterson PK, Gekker G, Hu S, Chao CC (1995). Human astrocytes inhibit intracellular multiplication of Toxoplasma gondii by a nitric oxide-mediated mechanism. J Infect Dis 171: 516-518.
51. Peudenier S, Hery C, Montagnier L, Tardieu M (1991). Human microglial cells: characterization in cerebral tissue and in primary culture, and study of their susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. Ann Neurol 29: 152-161.
52. Piani D, Frei K, Do KQ, Cuenod M, Fontana A (1991). Murine brain macrophages induce NMDA receptor mediated neurotoxicity in vitro by secreting glutamate. Neurosci Lett 133: 159-162.
53. Piani D, Spranger M, Frei K, Schaff S, Fontana A (1992). Macrophage-induced cytotoxicity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor positive neurons involves excitatory amino acids rather than reactive oxygen intermediates and cytokines. Eur J Immunol 22: 2429-2436.
54. Piani D, Frei K, Pfister H-W, Fontana A (1993). Glutamate uptake by astrocytes is inhibited by reactive oxygen intermediates but not by other macrophage-derived molecules including cytokines, leukotrienes or platelet-activating factor. J Neuroimmunol 48: 99-104.
55. Prehn JH, Peruche B, Unsicker K, Kreiglstein J (1993). Isoform-specific effects of transforming growth factor-beta on degeneration of primary neuronal cultures induced by cytotoxic hypoxia or glutamate. J Neurochem 60: 1665-1672.
56. Pulliam L, Herndier BG, Tang NM, McGrath MS (1991). Human immunodeficiency virus-infected macrophages produce soluble factors that cause histological and neurochemical alterations in cultured human brains. J Clin Invest 87: 503-512.
57. Shukla SD (1992). Platelet activating factor receptors and signal transduction mechanisms. FASEB J 6: 2296-2301.
58. Talley AK, Dewhurst S, Perry SW, Dollard SC, Gummuluru S, Fine SM, New D, Epstein LG, Gendelman HE, Gelbard HA. (1995). Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis in human neuronal cells: protection by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and the genes bcl-2 and crmA. Mol Cell Biol 15: 2359-2366.
59. Tanaka M, Sotomatsu A, Yoshida T, Hirai S, Nishida A (1994). Detection of superoxide production by activated microglia using a sensitive and specific chemiluminescence assay and microglia-mediated PC12h cell death. J Neurochem 63: 266-270.
60. Tardieu M, Hery C, Peudenier S, Boespflug O, Montagnier L. (1992). Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infected monocytic cells can destroy human neural cells after cell-to-cell adhesion. Ann Neurol 32: 11-17.
61. Toru-Delbauffe D, Baghdassarian-Chalaye D, Gavaret JM, Courtin F, Pomerance M, Pierre M. (1990). Effect of transforming growth factor β1 on astroglial cells in culture. J Neurochem 54: 1056-1061.