Lyme disease

Current Opinion in Rheumatology

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 327-333

  Evans, Janine ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; HUMAN; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFECTION RISK; IXODES; LYME DISEASE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0029782829     PISSN: 10408711     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00002281-199607000-00009     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Centers for Disease Control: Case definitions for public health surveillance. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1990, 39:19-21.
2. Lyme disease: United States, 1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1995, 44:459-462.
3. Oliver J, Owsley M, Hutheson H, James AM, Chen C, Irby WS, Dotson EM, McLain DK: Conspecificity of the ticks Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 1993, 30:54-63.
4. Rich SM, Caporale DA, Telford SR, Kochar TO, Hartl DL, Spielman A: Distribution of the Ixodes ricinus-like ticks of eastern North America. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995, 92:6284-6288. Identification of two distinct lineages of Ixodes ticks in the eastern United States.
5. Fish D: Environmental risk and prevention of Lyme disease. Am J Med 1995, 98(suppl 4A):2-9. Review of the epidemiology of Lyme disease.
6. Olsen B, Jaenson GT, Bergstrom S: Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-infected ticks on migrating birds. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995, 61:3082-3087.
7. Lord CC. Seasonal activity of nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in different habitats in New Jersey. J Med Entomol 1995, 32:66-70.
8. Speilman A: The emergence of Lyme disease and human babesiosis in a changing environment Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994, 740:146-156.
9. Duffy DC, Clark DD, Campbell SR, Gurney S, Perello R, Simon W: Landscape patterns of abundance of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) on Shelter Island, New York. J Med Entomol 1994, 31:875-879.
10. Magnarelli LA, Denicola A, Stafford KC, Anderson JF: Borrelia burgdorferi in an urban environment: white-tailed deer with infected ticks and antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 1995, 33:541-544. Foci for Lyme borreliosis were identified in forested, urban settings.
11. DeSilva AM, Fikrig E: Growth and migration of Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes ticks during blood feeding. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1995, 53:397-404. This study noted that on attachment of ticks to a host, the bacteria quickly multiplied, with a doubling time close to 4 hours, and reached a maximum number after 72 hours of attachment. During an initial 15-hour period the spirochetes appeared restricted to the tick gut, but after 48 hours, they had disseminated to the salivary glands.
12. Piesman J: Dynamics of Borrelia burgdorferi transmission by nymphal Ixodes dammini ticks. J Infect Dis 1993, 167:1082-1085.
13. Matuschka FR, Spielman A: Risk of infection from and treatment of tick bite. Lancet 1993, 342:529-530.
14. Berger BW, Johnson RC, Kodner C, Coleman L: Cultivation of Borrelia burgdorferi from human tick bite sites: a guide to the risk of infection. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995, 32:184-187.
15. Klempner MS, Noring R, Epstein MP, McCloud B, Hu R, Limentani SA, Rogers RA: Binding of human plasminogen and urokinase-type plasminogen activator to the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. J Infect Dis 1995, 171:1258-1265. Borrelia burgdorferi pretreated with human urokinase-type plasminogen activator were more infectious than control spirochetes.
16. Fuchs H, Wallich R, Simon MM, Kramer MD: The outer surface protein A of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi is a plasmin(ogen) receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994, 91:12594-12598.
17. Coleman JL, Sellati TJ, Testa JE, Kew RR, Furie MB, Benach JL: Borrelia burgdorferi binds plasminogen, resulting In enhanced penetration of endothellal monolayers. Infect Immun 1995, 63:2478-2484. Plasminogen-coated organisms showed an enhanced ability to penetrate endothelial cell monolayers grown on connective tissue substrates.
18. Leong JM, Morrissey PE, Ortega-Barria E, Pereira MA, Coburn J: Hemagglutination and proteoglycan binding by the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun 1995, 63:874-883.
19. Sadziene A, Thomas DD, Barbour AG: Borrelia burgdorferi mutant lacking Osp: biological and immunological characterization. Infect Immun 1995, 63:1573-1580.
20. Norgard MV, Riley BS, Richardson JA, Radolf JD: Dermal inflammation elicited by synthetic analogs of Treponema pallidum and Borrelis burgdorferi lipoproteins. Infect Imm 1995, 63:1507-1515.
21. Sellati TJ, Burns MJ, Ficazzola MA, Furie MB: Borrelia burgdorferi upregulates expression of adheslon molecules on endothelial cells and promotes transendothellal migration of neutrophils in vitro. Infect Immun 1995, 63:4439-4447.
22. Burmester GR: Immunology of reactive arthritides. Annu Rev Immunol 1995, 13:229-250. Excellent review of the immunology of reactive arthritis, including Lyme disease.
23. Lim LCL, England DM, Glowacki MJ, DuChateau BK, Schell RF: Involvement of CD4+ lymphocytes in induction of severe destructive Lyme arthritis in inbred LSH hamsters. Infect Immun 1995, 63:4818-4825.
24. Keane-Myers A, Nickell SP: Role of IL-4 and IFN-γ in modulation of immunity to Borrelia burgdorferi in mice. J Immunol 1995, 155:2020-2028. T cell cytokine production in Lyme disease influences the severity of disease expression.
25. Matyniak JE, Reiner SL: T helper phenotype and genetic susceptibility in experimental Lyme disease. J Exp Med 1995, 181:1251-1254. T cell cytokine production in Lyme disease influences the severity of disease expression.
26. Barthold SW: Animal models for Lyme disease. Lab Invest 1995, 72:127-128.
27. Roberts ED, Bohm RP, Cogswell FB, Lanners HN, Lowrie RC, Povinelli L, Peisman J, Philipp MT: Chronic Lyme disease In the rhesus monkey. Lab Invest 1995, 72:146-160. Clinical signs and pathologic changes were reported in late infection of rhesus monkeys. A potential model for the pathogenesis of Lyme neuroborrelisis.
28. Nadelman RB, Wormser GP: Erythema migrans and early Lyme disease. Am J Med 1995, 93(suppl 4A):15-24. Review of skin manifestations in early Lyme disease.
29. Sigal LH: Early disseminated Lyme disease: cardiac manifestations. Am J Med 1995, 98(suppl 4A):25-29. Review of cardiac manifestations in Lyme disease.
30. Steere AC: Musculoskeletal manifestations of Lyme disease. Am J Med 1995, 98(suppl 4A):44-51. Review of musculoskeletal manifestations in Lyme disease.
31. Halperin JJ: Neuroborrellosis. Am J Med 1995, 98(suppl 4A):52-59. Review of neurologic manifestations in Lyme disease.
32. Lesser RL: Ocular manifestations of Lyme disease. Am J Med 1995, 98(suppl 4A):60-62 Review of ocular manifestations in Lyme disease.
33. Ilowite NT: Muscle, retlculoendothelial, and late skin manifestations of Lyme disease. Am J Med 1995, 98(suppl 4A):63-68.
34. Shapiro ED: Lyme disease in children. Am J Med 1995, 98(suppl 4A):69-73. Review of Lyme disease in children.
35. Nocton JJ, Steere AC: Lyme disease. Adv Intern Med 1995, 40:69-115. Comprehensive review of Lyme disease.
36. Garcia-Monaco JC, Benach JL: Lyme neuroborreliosis. Ann Neurol 1995, 37:691-702. Comprehensive review of the neurologic manifestations of Lyme disease.
37. Sigal LH: Summary of the sixth international conference on Lyme borreliosis. Arthritis Rheum 1995, 38:565-569.
38. Evans J: Lyme disease. Curr Opin Rheumatol 1995, 7:322-328. Review of the 1994 literature on Lyme disease.
39. Campbell GL, Paul WS, Schriefer ME, Craven RB, Robbins KE, Dennis DT: Epidemiologic and diagnostic studies of patients with suspected early Lyme disease, Missouri, 1990-1993. J Intect Dis 1995, 172:470-480.
40. Berglund J, Eitrem R, Ornstein K, Lindberg A, Ringner A, Elmrud H, Carlsson M, Runehagen A, Svanborg C, Norrby R: An epidemiologic study of Lyme disease In southern Sweden. N Engl J Med 1995, 333:1319-1324. A prospective, population-based study of Lyme disease in southern Sweden.
41. Horowitz HW, Belkin RN: Acute myopericarditis resulting from Lyme disease. Am Heart J 1995, 130:176-178.
42. Ruderman EM, Kerr JS, Telford SR, Spielman A, Glimcher LH, Gravellese EM: Early murine Lyme carditis has a macrophage predominance and is independent of major histocompatibility complex class II-CD4+ T cell interactions. J Infect Dis 1995, 171:362-370.
43. Stanek G, Klein J, Bittner R, Glogar D: Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from the myocardium of a patient with longstanding cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 1990, 322:249-252.
44. Gasser R, Dusleag J, Reisinger E, Slauber R, Feigl B, Pongratz S, Klein W, Furian C, Peirer K: Reversal by ceftriaxone of dilated cardiomyopathy Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Lancet 1992, 339:1174-1175.
45. Sonnesyn SW, Diehl SC, Johnson RC, Kubo SH, Goodman JL: A prospective study of the seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in patients with severe heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1995, 76:97-100. There is no correlation between dilated cardiomyopathy and Lyme disease in the United States.
46. Hoffmann JC, Stichtenoth DO, Zeidler H, Follmann M, Brandis A, Stanek G, Wollenhaupt J: Lyme disease in a 74-year old forest owner with symptoms of dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum 1995, 38:1157-1160.
47. Magnarelli LA: Current status of laboratory diagnosis for Lyme disease. Am J Med 1995, 98(suppl 4A):10-14. Review of diagnostic testing for Lyme disease.
48. Gerber MA, Shapiro ED, Bell GL, Sampieri A, Padula SJ: Recombinant outer surface protein C ELISA for the diagnosis of early Lyme disease. J Infect Dis 1995, 171:724-727. Study of the sensitivity and specificity of recombinant OspC in patients with early Lyme disease.
49. Centers For Disease Control: Recommendations for test performance and interpretation from the Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme disease. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1995, 44:590-591.
50. Engstrom SM, Shoop E, Johnson RC: Immunoblot interpretation criteria for serodiagnosis of early Lyme disease. J Clin Microbiol 1995, 33:419-427.
51. Dressler F, Whalen JA, Reinhardt BN, Steere AC: Western blotting in the serodiagnosis of Lyme disease. J Infect Dis 1993, 167:392-400.
52. Sood SK, Zemel LS, Ilowite NT: Interpretation of immunoblot in pediatric Lyme arthritis. J Rheumatol 1995, 22:758-761.
53. Motor SE, Hofmann J, Wallich R, Simon MM, Kramer MD: Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in lesional skin of patients with erythema migrans and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans by ospA-specific PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1994, 32:2980-2988.
54. von Stedingk LV, Olsson I, Hanson HS, Asbrink E, Hovmark A: Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in skin lesions of early and late Lyme borreliosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1995, 14:1-5.
55. Goodman JL, Berger BW, Luger S, Johnson RC: Bloodstream invasion in early Lyme disease: results from a prospective, controlled, blinded study using the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Med 1995, 99:6-12.
56. Karch H, Huppertz J, Bohme M, Schmidt H, Wiebecke D, Schwarzkopf A: Demonstration of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in urine samples from healthy humans whose sera contain B. ourgdorferi-specific antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 1994, 32:2312-2314.
57. Christen HJ, Eiffert H, Ohlenbusch A, Hanefeld F: Evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Borrelia burgdorferi in cerebrospinal fluid of children with acute peripheral facial palsy. Eur J Pediatr 1995, 154:374-377.
58. Malawista SE, Barthold SW, Persing DH: Reply to the editor. J Infect Dis 1995, 171:1380.
59. Rose CD, Fawcett PT, Gibney KM, Doughty RA: The overdiagnosis of Lyme disease in children residing in an endemic area. Clin Pediatr 1994, 33:663-668.
60. Feder HM, Hunt MS: Pitfalls in the diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease in children. JAMA 1995, 274:66-68. A case series study of 146 pediatric patients evaluated in a university Lyme disease clinic.
61. Sigal LH: Diagnosis of Lyme disease. JAMA 1995, 274:1427-1428
62. Dunne M, Al-Ramadi BK, Barthold SW, Flavell RA, Fikrig E: Oral vaccination with an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain expression Borrelia burgdorferi OspA prevents murine Lyme borreliosis. Infect Immun 1995, 63:1611-1614.
63. Telford SR, Kantor FS, Lobet Y, Barthold SW, Spielman A, Flavell RA, Fikrig E: Efficacy of human Lyme disease vaccine formulations in a mouse model. J Infect Dis 1995, 171:1368-1370.
64. Chang Y, Appel MJG, Jacobson RH, Shin SJ, Harpending P, Straubinger R, Patrican LA, Mohammed H, Summers BA: Recombinant OspA protects dogs against infection and disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun 1995, 63:3543-3549.
65. Ma J, Bulger PA, Dante S, Davis DR, Perilli-Palmer B, Coughlin RT: Characterization of canine humoral immune responses to outer surface protein subunit vaccines and to natural infection by Lyme disease spirochetes. J Infect Dis 1995, 171:909-915.
66. Schoen RT, Meurice F, Brunet CM, Cretella S, Krouse DS, Craft JE, Fikrig E: Safety and immunogenicity of an outer surface protein A vaccine in subjects with previous Lyme disease. J Infect Dis 1995:1324-1329. Lyme vaccine using recombinant OspA is safe in patients with a history of Lyme disease.
67. McGrath BC, Dunn JJ, Gorgone G, Luft BJ, Guttman D, Dykhuizen D: Identification of an immunologically important hypervariable domain of major outer surface protein A of Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun 1995, 63:1356-1361.
68. Lovrich SD, Callister SM, DuChateau BK, Lim LCL, Winfrey J, Day SP, Schell RF: Abilities of OspA proteins from different seroprotective groups of Borrelia burgdorferi to protect hamsters from infection. Infect Immun 1995, 63:2113-2119.
69. Fikrig E, Tao H, Barthold SW, Flavell RA: Selection of variant Borrelia burgdorferi isolates from mice immunized with outer surface protein A or B. Infect Immun 1995, 63:1658-1662.
70. Fikrig E, Telford SR, Wallich R, Chen M, Lobet Y, Matuschka FR, Kimsey RB, Kantor F, Barthold SW, Spielman A, Flavell RA: Vaccination against Lyme disease caused by diverse Borrelia burgdorferi. J Exp Med 1995, 181:215-221, Mice vaccinated with OspA or OspB were protected from infection with heterogeneous B. buigdorferi.
71. Barthold SW, Fikrig E, Bockenstedt LK, Persing DH: Circumvention of outer surface protein A immunity by host-adapted Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun 1995, 63:2255-2261.
72. deSilva AM, S.R. T, Brunet LR, Barthold SW, Fikrig E: Borrelia burgdorferi OspA is an arthropod-specific transmission-blocking Lyme disease vaccine. J Exp Med 1996, 183:271-275. The expression of OspA by B. burgdorferi diminished during transmission from the tick vector to the host.
73. Schwan TG, Peisman J, Golde WT, Dolan MC, Rosa PA: Induction of an outer surface protein on Borrelia burgdorferi during tick feeding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995, 92:2909-2913.
74. Stevenson B, Schwan TG, Rosa PA: Temperature-related differential expression of antigens in the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun 1995, 63:4535-4539.
75. Montgomery RR, Malawista SE, Feen KJM, Bockenstedt LK: Direct demonstration of antigenic substitution of Borrelia burgdorferi ex vivo: exploration of the paradox of the early immune response to outer surface proteins A and C in Lyme disease. J Exp Med 1996, 183:261-269.
76. Shih C, Spielman A, Telford SR: Short report: mode of action of protective immunity to Lyme disease spirochetes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1995, 52:72-74. The mode of protection by OspA vaccination was investigated and appeared to be associated with the destruction of spirochetes within the gut of ticks.
77. Stevenson B, Barthold SW: Expression and sequence of outer surface protein C among North American isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1994, 124:367-372.
78. Bey RF, Larson ME, Lowery DE, Lee BW, Knutson KS, Simonson RR, King VL: Protection of C3H/He mice from experimental Borrelia burgdorferi infection by immunization with a 110-kilo Dalton fusion protein. Infect Immun 1995,63:3213-3217.