Canonical Non-Gaussian Noise Models: Their Implications for Measurement and for Prediction of Receiver Performance

IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility

Volumn EMC-21, Issue 3, 1979, Pages 209-220

  Middleton, David ^a  

^a US Department of Commerce   (United States)

Author keywords

Noise models electromagnetic canonical non Gaussian measurement implications performance prediction

Indexed keywords

NOISE, SPURIOUS SIGNAL; RADIO RECEIVERS;

RADIO INTERFERENCE;

EID: 0018503655     PISSN: 00189375     EISSN: 1558187X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TEMC.1979.303732     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. D. Middleton, “Statistical-physical models of electromagnetic interference,” IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. EMC-19, Aug.1977. (Model Refs. [2] -[11] are in chronological order.)
2. D. Middleton, “Probability models of received, scattered, and ambient fields,” Proc. 6th Princeton Conf. on Information sciences and systems, Mar. 23, 24, 1972, Dep. of E.E., Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ, and Proc. IEEE 1972 Int. Conf. Eng. in Ocean Environment, Newport, RI, Sept. 13–16, 1972. IEEE Pub. 72 CHO-660-1-OCC. (This paper deals with Class-A models only, cf. [5], but has various results in second-order (amplitude statistics, as well as first-order with signal.)
3. D. Middleton, “Statistical-physical models of urban radio-noise environments, Part I: Foundations,” IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. EMC-14, pp. 38–56, May, 1972.
4. D. Middleton, “Man-made noise in urban environments and transportation systems IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM 21, pp. 1232–1241, Nov. 1973.
5. D. Middleton, “Statistical-physical models of man-made radio noise, Part I: First-order probability models of the instantaneous amplitude,” Office of Telecommun. (U.S. Dep. of Commerce), Tech. Rep. OT-74-36, pp. 59, Apr., 1974. (U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402). (This deals with Class-A models only.)
6. D. Middleton, “Statistical-physical models of man-made and natural radio noise, Part II: First-order probability models of the envelope and phase,” Office of Telecommun. (U.S. Dep. of Commerce) Tech. Rep. OT-76-86, pp. 135, Apr., 1976 (U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402). This contains the first general definitions of Class-A, B, C noise and explicit evaluations with experimental comparisons, and forms the basis for [1] above. See also E. N. Skomal, Man-Made Radio Noise. New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold 1978, ch. 5 (also, “Statistical-physical models of man-made and natural electromagnetic interference,” invited paper at 18th Annu. Assembly, URSI, Lima, Peru, Aug. 1975.)
7. D. Middleton “, Part III: First-order probability models of the instantaneous amplitude of Class-B interference,” Rep. NTIA-CR-78-1, CR-78-1, pp. 66, June, 1978, National Telecommun. and Inform. Admin., Inst. for Telecommun. Sciences, Boulder, CO (U.S. Dep. of Commerce).
8. D. Middleton, “, Part IV: Determination of the first-order parameters of Class A and B interference,” Tech. Rep. NTIA-CR-78-2, pp. 52, Sept., 1978, NTIA, ITS (U.S. Dep. of Commerce).
9. D. Middleton, “Procedures for Determining the parameters of the first-order canonical models of Class A and B electromagnetic interference,” this issue, pp. 188 to 206. (Revised and updated version of [8].)
10. D. Middleton “ Part V: First-order probability models of the envelope, phase, and instantaneous amplitude of Class C interference”, in prep. (Sept., 1979), NTIA-ITS, (U.S. Dep. of Commerce).
11. D. Middleton, “Statistical-physical models of electromagnetic noise-recent new results,” URSI Comm. E. Program, General Assembly, July 31-Aug. 8, 1978; Helsinki Finland (Session E-1, paper 1, Aug. 3, 1978), and “New results for statistical-physical models of electromagnetic noise,” URSI-US Nat. Radio Science Meeting, Boulder, CO, Nov. 6–9, 1978, Session E-2, Wed., Nov. 8, 1978, paper 2.
12. A. D. Spaulding, “Man-made noise: The problem and recommended steps toward solution,” Off. of Telecommun., Inst. for Telecommun. Sciences (U.S. Dep. of Commerce), Rep. OT-76-85, 85, pp. 173, Apr. 1976. See, also.
13. D. J. Cohen, “Probabilistic approaches in spectrum management,” Rep. OT-77-127, pp. 27, Off. Tel. Comm., etc., Aug. 1977.
14. A. D. Spaulding and D. Middleton, “Optimum reception in an impulsive interference environment,” Office Telecomm. (U.S. Dep. of Commerce), OT Rep. OT-75-67, pp. 195, June, 1975 (U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402); ibid, Part II in preparation (1979).
15. A. D. Spaulding and D. Middleton, “Optimum reception in an impulsive interference environment, Part I: Coherent detection, Part II: Incoherent reception,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-25, pp. 910–934, Sept. 1977.
16. D. Middleton, An Introduction to Statistical Communication Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill 1960.
17. D. Middleton, Topics in Communication Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill Hill 1965.
18. D. Middleton, “Canonically optimum threshold detection,” IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-12, pp. 230–243, 1966. (See alsoSection 19.4 [15], Section 2.7 [16], and the Nirenberg-Middleton Letter to the Editor, IEEE Trans. Commun. Vol. COM-23, p. 1002, Sept. 1975, for a brief history. The basic expansion idea goes back a quarter of a century ago to the author's 1953 Rep. “ The statistical theory of detection I: Optimum detection of signals in noise,” MIT Lincoln Laboratory Rep. No. 35, Nov. 1953.)
19. T. D. Plemons, J. A. Shooter, and D. Middleton, “Underwater acoustic scattering from lake surfaces. I. Theory, experiment, and validation of the data,” JASA 52, No. 5 , (Part 2), pp. 1481 – 1502, 1972. See especially Sec. III. a)
20. M. E. Frazer, “Some statistical properties of lake surface reverberation,” JASA, 64, No. 3, pp. 858–868, Sept., 1978, for further illustrative experimental applications.
21. H. Cramer, Mathematical Methods of Statistics. Princeton Univ. Press, 1946; ch. 13.
22. S. S. Wilks, Mathematical Statistics. New York: Wiley, 1962, chs. 8, 9.
23. A. D. Spaulding, “Optimum threshold detection in broad-band impulsive noise employing both time and spatial sampling,” companion paper, EMC Conf., Rotterdam, May 1–3, 1979.
24. J. H. Van Vleck and D. Middleton, “A theoretical comparison of the visual, aural, meter reception of pulsed signals in the presence of noise,” J. Appl. Phys. vol. 17, pp. 940–971, Nov., 1946; in particular, Part I, Sect. II (and P. 944). See also
25. D. Middleton, (IEEE) Commun. Soc. Mag., pp. 9, 10, July, 1978.