메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 231-259

Guidelines for hypertension in the elderly - 1999 revised version

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT;

EID: 0011886958     PISSN: 09169636     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1291/hypres.22.231     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (22)

References (154)
  • 1
    • 85038141761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Countermeasure for Living Habits Diseases
    • in Japanese
    • Health and Welfare Statistics Association: Countermeasure for Living Habits Diseases. National Hygiene Trend · Indicators of Health and Welfare 1998; 45: 101-111 (in Japanese).
    • (1998) National Hygiene Trend · Indicators of Health and Welfare , vol.45 , pp. 101-111
  • 2
    • 85038135410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Conditions and Medical Cares
    • in Japanese
    • Health and Welfare Statistics Association: Health Conditions and Medical Cares. National Hygiene Trend · Indicators of Health and Welfare 1998; 45: 81-88 (in Japanese).
    • (1998) National Hygiene Trend · Indicators of Health and Welfare , vol.45 , pp. 81-88
  • 3
    • 0028267354 scopus 로고
    • National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group Report on Hypertension in the Elderly
    • National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group: National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group Report on Hypertension in the Elderly. Hypertension 1994; 23: 275-285.
    • (1994) Hypertension , vol.23 , pp. 275-285
  • 4
    • 23444447477 scopus 로고
    • Relation of pulse pressure and blood pressure reduction to the incidence of myocardial infraction
    • Madhavan S, Ooi WL, Cohen H, Alderman MH: Relation of pulse pressure and blood pressure reduction to the incidence of myocardial infraction. Hypertension 1994; 23: 395-401.
    • (1994) Hypertension , vol.23 , pp. 395-401
    • Madhavan, S.1    Ooi, W.L.2    Cohen, H.3    Alderman, M.H.4
  • 5
    • 0025831464 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the elderly Program (SHEP)
    • SHEP Cooperative Research Group: Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991; 265: 3255-3264.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 3255-3264
  • 6
    • 0025942936 scopus 로고
    • Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOP-Hypertension)
    • Dahlöf B, Lindholm LH, Hansson L, Schersten B, Ekbom T, Wester PO: Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOP-Hypertension). Lancet 1991; 338: 1281-1285.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.338 , pp. 1281-1285
    • Dahlöf, B.1    Lindholm, L.H.2    Hansson, L.3    Schersten, B.4    Ekbom, T.5    Wester, P.O.6
  • 7
    • 0026512315 scopus 로고
    • Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: Principal results
    • MRC Working Party: Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: principal results. Br Med J 1992; 304: 405-412.
    • (1992) Br Med J , vol.304 , pp. 405-412
  • 8
    • 0029830418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shanghai trial of nifedipine in the elderly (STONE)
    • Gong L, Zhang W, Zhu Y, et al: Shanghai trial of nifedipine in the elderly (STONE). J Hypertens 1996; 14: 1237-1245.
    • (1996) J Hypertens , vol.14 , pp. 1237-1245
    • Gong, L.1    Zhang, W.2    Zhu, Y.3
  • 9
    • 0343487983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension
    • Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L, et al: Randomized double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Lancet 1997; 350: 757-764.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 757-764
    • Staessen, J.A.1    Fagard, R.2    Thijs, L.3
  • 10
    • 0031769003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of active treatment and placebo in older Chinese patients with isolated systolic hypertension
    • Liu L, Wang JG, Gong L, Liu G, Staessen JA, for the Systolic Hypertension in China (Syst-China) Collaborative Group: Comparison of active treatment and placebo in older Chinese patients with isolated systolic hypertension. J Hypertens 1998; 16: 1823-1829.
    • (1998) J Hypertens , vol.16 , pp. 1823-1829
    • Liu, L.1    Wang, J.G.2    Gong, L.3    Liu, G.4    Staessen, J.A.5
  • 11
    • 0032540714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are β-blockers efficacious as first-line therapy for hypertension in the elderly? A systematic review
    • Messerli FH, Grossman E, Golgbourt U: Are β-blockers efficacious as first-line therapy for hypertension in the elderly? A systematic review. JAMA 1998; 279: 1903-1907.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 1903-1907
    • Messerli, F.H.1    Grossman, E.2    Golgbourt, U.3
  • 12
    • 0030713021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI)
    • Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI). Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 2413-2446.
    • (1997) Arch Intern Med , vol.157 , pp. 2413-2446
  • 13
    • 0030478331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Members of the Research Group for "Guidelines on Treatment of Hypertension in the Elderly", Comprehensive Research Projects on Aging and Health, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan: Guidelines on treatment of hypertension in the elderly, 1995: A tentative plan for comprehensive research projects on aging and health
    • in Japanese
    • Ogihara T, Hiwada K, Matsuoka H, et al. Members of the Research Group for "Guidelines on Treatment of Hypertension in the Elderly", Comprehensive Research Projects on Aging and Health, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan: Guidelines on treatment of hypertension in the elderly, 1995: a tentative plan for comprehensive research projects on aging and health. Jpn J Geriatr 1996; 33: 945-975 (in Japanese).
    • (1996) Jpn J Geriatr , vol.33 , pp. 945-975
    • Ogihara, T.1    Hiwada, K.2    Matsuoka, H.3
  • 14
    • 0031441696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation by specialists of the Guidelines on Treatment of Hypertension in the Elderly: The second questionnaire survey
    • in Japanese
    • Hiwada K, Kohara K, Ogihara T, et al: Evaluation by specialists of the Guidelines on Treatment of Hypertension in the Elderly: the second questionnaire survey. Jpn J Geriatr 1997; 34: 631-638 (in Japanese).
    • (1997) Jpn J Geriatr , vol.34 , pp. 631-638
    • Hiwada, K.1    Kohara, K.2    Ogihara, T.3
  • 16
    • 0029066792 scopus 로고
    • Mechanichal principles in arterial disease
    • O'Rourke M: Mechanichal principles in arterial disease. Hypertension 1995; 26: 2-9.
    • (1995) Hypertension , vol.26 , pp. 2-9
    • O'Rourke, M.1
  • 17
    • 0028307503 scopus 로고
    • Normal values of clinical laboratory tests. 1. Blood pressure
    • in Japanese
    • Fujii J: Normal values of clinical laboratory tests. 1. Blood pressure. Jpn J Geriatr 1994; 31: 262-269 (in Japanese).
    • (1994) Jpn J Geriatr , vol.31 , pp. 262-269
    • Fujii, J.1
  • 18
    • 0013186703 scopus 로고
    • Elderly hypertension and epidemiology: Study in the Hisayama-cho
    • Kuramoto S (ed): Tokyo, Life Science Publishing Co., in Japanese
    • Hasuo H: Elderly hypertension and epidemiology: study in the Hisayama-cho. in Kuramoto S (ed): Pathophysiology and Treatment of Hypertension in the Elderly. Tokyo, Life Science Publishing Co., 1990, pp152-162 (in Japanese).
    • (1990) Pathophysiology and Treatment of Hypertension in the Elderly , pp. 152-162
    • Hasuo, H.1
  • 19
    • 0019920129 scopus 로고
    • Circadian blood pressure patterns in ambulatory hypertensive patients: Effects of age
    • Drayer JIM, Weber MA, Deyoung JL, Wyle FA: Circadian blood pressure patterns in ambulatory hypertensive patients: effects of age. Am J Med 1982; 73: 493-499.
    • (1982) Am J Med , vol.73 , pp. 493-499
    • Drayer, J.I.M.1    Weber, M.A.2    Deyoung, J.L.3    Wyle, F.A.4
  • 20
    • 0023730414 scopus 로고
    • Altered circadian blood pressure rhythm in patients with Cushing's syndrome
    • Imai Y, Abe K, Sasaki S, et al: Altered circadian blood pressure rhythm in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Hypertension 1988; 12: 11-19.
    • (1988) Hypertension , vol.12 , pp. 11-19
    • Imai, Y.1    Abe, K.2    Sasaki, S.3
  • 21
    • 0020571240 scopus 로고
    • Circadian variation of blood pressure in autonomic failure
    • Mann S, Altman DG, Raftery EB, Bannister R: Circadian variation of blood pressure in autonomic failure. Circulation 1983; 68: 477-483.
    • (1983) Circulation , vol.68 , pp. 477-483
    • Mann, S.1    Altman, D.G.2    Raftery, E.B.3    Bannister, R.4
  • 22
    • 0027525521 scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory blood pressure of adults in Ohasama, Japan
    • Imai Y, Nagai K, Sakuma M, et al: Ambulatory blood pressure of adults in Ohasama, Japan. Hypertension 1993; 22: 900-912.
    • (1993) Hypertension , vol.22 , pp. 900-912
    • Imai, Y.1    Nagai, K.2    Sakuma, M.3
  • 23
    • 0025876419 scopus 로고
    • Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure in men and women aged 17 to 80 years: The Allied Irish Bank Study
    • O'brien E, Murphy J, Tyndall A, et al: Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure in men and women aged 17 to 80 years: The Allied Irish Bank Study. J Hypertens 1991; 9: 355-360.
    • (1991) J Hypertens , vol.9 , pp. 355-360
    • O'brien, E.1    Murphy, J.2    Tyndall, A.3
  • 24
    • 0023148385 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of 24 hour blood pressure mean and variability to severity of target organ damage in hypertension
    • Parati G, Pomidossi G, Albini F, Malaspina D, Manda G: Relationship of 24 hour blood pressure mean and variability to severity of target organ damage in hypertension. J Hypertens 1987; 5: 93-98.
    • (1987) J Hypertens , vol.5 , pp. 93-98
    • Parati, G.1    Pomidossi, G.2    Albini, F.3    Malaspina, D.4    Manda, G.5
  • 25
    • 0020585552 scopus 로고
    • The prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure
    • Perloff D, Sokolow M, Cowan W: The prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure. JAMA 1983; 249: 2792-2798.
    • (1983) JAMA , vol.249 , pp. 2792-2798
    • Perloff, D.1    Sokolow, M.2    Cowan, W.3
  • 26
    • 0025647266 scopus 로고
    • Silent cerevrovascular disease in the elderly: Correlation with ambulatory pressure
    • Shimada K, Kawamamoto A, Matsubayashi K, Ozawa T: Silent cerevrovascular disease in the elderly: correlation with ambulatory pressure. Hypertension 1990; 16: 692-699.
    • (1990) Hypertension , vol.16 , pp. 692-699
    • Shimada, K.1    Kawamamoto, A.2    Matsubayashi, K.3    Ozawa, T.4
  • 27
    • 0021739778 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal blood pressure pattern in elderly patients with essential hypertension
    • Kobrin I, Oigman W, Kumar A, et al: Diurnal blood pressure pattern in elderly patients with essential hypertension. J Am Geriar Soc 1984; 32: 896-899.
    • (1984) J Am Geriar Soc , vol.32 , pp. 896-899
    • Kobrin, I.1    Oigman, W.2    Kumar, A.3
  • 28
    • 0026731970 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal blood pressure variations and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly patients with hypertension
    • Shimada K, Kawamoto A, Matsubayashi K, Nishinaga M, Kimura S, Ozawa T: Diurnal blood pressure variations and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly patients with hypertension. J Hypertens 1992; 10: 875-878.
    • (1992) J Hypertens , vol.10 , pp. 875-878
    • Shimada, K.1    Kawamoto, A.2    Matsubayashi, K.3    Nishinaga, M.4    Kimura, S.5    Ozawa, T.6
  • 29
    • 0027998048 scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory blood pressure. An independent predictor of prognosis in essential hypertension
    • Verdecchia P, Porcellati C, Schillaci G, et al: Ambulatory blood pressure. An independent predictor of prognosis in essential hypertension. Hypertension 1994; 24: 793-801.
    • (1994) Hypertension , vol.24 , pp. 793-801
    • Verdecchia, P.1    Porcellati, C.2    Schillaci, G.3
  • 30
    • 0030047350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nocturnal fall of blood pressure and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly hypertensive patients: Advanced silent cerebrovascular damage in extreme dippers
    • Kario K, Matsuo T, Kobayashi H, Imiya M, Matsuo M, Shimada K: Nocturnal fall of blood pressure and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly hypertensive patients: advanced silent cerebrovascular damage in extreme dippers. Hypertension 1996; 27: 130-135.
    • (1996) Hypertension , vol.27 , pp. 130-135
    • Kario, K.1    Matsuo, T.2    Kobayashi, H.3    Imiya, M.4    Matsuo, M.5    Shimada, K.6
  • 31
    • 0027723479 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure changes and activity in early morning hypertension
    • in Japanese
    • Suzuki Y, Kuwajima I, Mitsuya K, et al: Blood pressure changes and activity in early morning hypertension. Jpn J Geriatr 1993; 30: 841-848 (in Japanese).
    • (1993) Jpn J Geriatr , vol.30 , pp. 841-848
    • Suzuki, Y.1    Kuwajima, I.2    Mitsuya, K.3
  • 33
    • 0024234867 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of plasma renin activity to clinic and ambulatory blood pressure in elderly people with isolated systolic hypertension
    • Rudy MC, Bialy GB, Malka ES, Lacy CR, Kostis JB: The relationship of plasma renin activity to clinic and ambulatory blood pressure in elderly people with isolated systolic hypertension. J Hypertens 1988; 6 (Suppl 4): S412-415.
    • (1988) J Hypertens , vol.6 , Issue.4 SUPPL.
    • Rudy, M.C.1    Bialy, G.B.2    Malka, E.S.3    Lacy, C.R.4    Kostis, J.B.5
  • 34
    • 0027421572 scopus 로고
    • Is white coat hypertension innocent ? Morphology and function of the heart in the elderly patients
    • Kuwajima I, Suzuki Y, Fujisawa A, Kuramoto K: Is white coat hypertension innocent ? Morphology and function of the heart in the elderly patients. Hypertension 1993; 22: 826-831.
    • (1993) Hypertension , vol.22 , pp. 826-831
    • Kuwajima, I.1    Suzuki, Y.2    Fujisawa, A.3    Kuramoto, K.4
  • 36
    • 0027725179 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of a community-based distribution of home blood pressure in Ohasama in northern Japan
    • Imai Y, Satoh H, Nagai K, et al: Characteristics of a community-based distribution of home blood pressure in Ohasama in northern Japan. J Hypertens 1993; 11: 1441-1449.
    • (1993) J Hypertens , vol.11 , pp. 1441-1449
    • Imai, Y.1    Satoh, H.2    Nagai, K.3
  • 37
    • 0033069767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1999 World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension
    • Guidelines Subcommittee: 1999 World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. J Hypertens 1999; 17: 151-183.
    • (1999) J Hypertens , vol.17 , pp. 151-183
  • 38
    • 0028071468 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic policy for elderly hypertensives in Japan: A questionnaire survey of specialists
    • in Japanese
    • Ogihara T, Morimoto S, Nakahashi T, et al; Therapeutic policy for elderly hypertensives in Japan: a questionnaire survey of specialists. Jpn J Geriatr 1994; 31: 396-403 (in Japanese).
    • (1994) Jpn J Geriatr , vol.31 , pp. 396-403
    • Ogihara, T.1    Morimoto, S.2    Nakahashi, T.3
  • 39
    • 0022486714 scopus 로고
    • Osler's maneuver, pseudohypertension, and true hypertension in the elderly
    • Messerli FH: Osler's maneuver, pseudohypertension, and true hypertension in the elderly. Am J Med 1986; 80: 906-910.
    • (1986) Am J Med , vol.80 , pp. 906-910
    • Messerli, F.H.1
  • 41
    • 0025249929 scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring during clinic visit in elderly hypertensive patients
    • Shimada K, Ogura H, Kawamoto A, Matsubayashi K, Ishida H, Ozawa T: Noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring during clinic visit in elderly hypertensive patients. Clin Exp Hypertens 1990; 12: 151-170.
    • (1990) Clin Exp Hypertens , vol.12 , pp. 151-170
    • Shimada, K.1    Ogura, H.2    Kawamoto, A.3    Matsubayashi, K.4    Ishida, H.5    Ozawa, T.6
  • 42
    • 0022040602 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology and prognosis of hypertension
    • in Japanese
    • Omae T: Pathophysiology and prognosis of hypertension. J Jpn Soc Intern Med 1985; 74: 401-415 (in Japanese).
    • (1985) J Jpn Soc Intern Med , vol.74 , pp. 401-415
    • Omae, T.1
  • 44
    • 0027274762 scopus 로고
    • 1993 Guidelines for the management of mild hypertension: Memorandum from a World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension meeting
    • Guidelines Sub-Committee: 1993 Guidelines for the management of mild hypertension: Memorandum from a World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension meeting. J Hypertens 1993; 11: 905-918.
    • (1993) J Hypertens , vol.11 , pp. 905-918
  • 46
    • 0022330234 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of mild hypertension in the elderly, a prospective study using multiple regression analysis
    • Kuramoto K, Matsushita S: The treatment of mild hypertension in the elderly, a prospective study using multiple regression analysis. Jpn Circ J 1985; 49: 1144-1150.
    • (1985) Jpn Circ J , vol.49 , pp. 1144-1150
    • Kuramoto, K.1    Matsushita, S.2
  • 47
    • 0021864792 scopus 로고
    • Mortality and morbidity results from the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly trial
    • Amery A, Birkenhager W, Brixko P, et al: Mortality and morbidity results from the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly trial. Lancet 1985; 1: 1349-1354.
    • (1985) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1349-1354
    • Amery, A.1    Birkenhager, W.2    Brixko, P.3
  • 48
    • 0022469583 scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of treatment of hypertension in the elderly patients in primary care
    • Coope J, Warrender TS: Randomized trial of treatment of hypertension in the elderly patients in primary care. Br Med J 1986; 293: 1145-1151.
    • (1986) Br Med J , vol.293 , pp. 1145-1151
    • Coope, J.1    Warrender, T.S.2
  • 49
    • 0028593932 scopus 로고
    • Drug treatment of hypertension in the elderly: A meta-analysis
    • Insua JT, Sacks HG, Lau TS, et al: Drug treatment of hypertension in the elderly: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 1994; 121: 355-362.
    • (1994) Ann Intern Med , vol.121 , pp. 355-362
    • Insua, J.T.1    Sacks, H.G.2    Lau, T.S.3
  • 50
    • 0027399060 scopus 로고
    • The Fifth Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC V)
    • Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: The Fifth Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC V). Arch Intern Med 1993; 153: 154-183.
    • (1993) Arch Intern Med , vol.153 , pp. 154-183
  • 51
    • 0027416604 scopus 로고
    • Management guidelines in essential hypertension: Report of the second working party of the British Hypertension Society
    • Sever P, Beevers G, Bulpitt C, et al: Management guidelines in essential hypertension: report of the second working party of the British Hypertension Society. Br Med J 1993; 306: 983-987.
    • (1993) Br Med J , vol.306 , pp. 983-987
    • Sever, P.1    Beevers, G.2    Bulpitt, C.3
  • 52
    • 0027276458 scopus 로고
    • Management of raised blood pressure in New Zealand: A discussion document
    • Jackson R, Barham P, Bills J, et al: Management of raised blood pressure in New Zealand: a discussion document. Br Med J 1993; 307: 107-110.
    • (1993) Br Med J , vol.307 , pp. 107-110
    • Jackson, R.1    Barham, P.2    Bills, J.3
  • 53
    • 0027508015 scopus 로고
    • Report of the Canadian Hypertension Society Consensus Conference: 3. Pharmacologic treatment of essential hypertension
    • Ogilivie RI, Burgess ED, Cusson JR, et al: Report of the Canadian Hypertension Society Consensus Conference: 3. Pharmacologic treatment of essential hypertension. Can Med Assoc J 1993; 149: 575-584.
    • (1993) Can Med Assoc J , vol.149 , pp. 575-584
    • Ogilivie, R.I.1    Burgess, E.D.2    Cusson, J.R.3
  • 54
    • 0024373728 scopus 로고
    • Hypertension in elderly patients
    • Applegate WB: Hypertension in elderly patients. Ann Intern Med 1989; 110: 901-915.
    • (1989) Ann Intern Med , vol.110 , pp. 901-915
    • Applegate, W.B.1
  • 55
    • 0023122783 scopus 로고
    • Benefits and potential harm of lowering high blood pressure
    • Cruickshank JM, Thorp JM, Zacharias FJ: Benefits and potential harm of lowering high blood pressure. Lancet 1987; 1: 581-583.
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 581-583
    • Cruickshank, J.M.1    Thorp, J.M.2    Zacharias, F.J.3
  • 58
    • 0032563661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subgroup and per-protocol analysis of the randomized European Trial on Isolated Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly
    • Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L, et al: Subgroup and per-protocol analysis of the randomized European Trial on Isolated Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 1681-1691.
    • (1998) Arch Intern Med , vol.158 , pp. 1681-1691
    • Staessen, J.A.1    Fagard, R.2    Thijs, L.3
  • 59
    • 0030997827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure and mortality in an older population: A 5-year follow-up of the Helsinki Ageing Study
    • Hakala SM, Tilvis RS, Strandberg TE: Blood pressure and mortality in an older population: a 5-year follow-up of the Helsinki Ageing Study. Eur Heart J 1997; 18: 1019-1023.
    • (1997) Eur Heart J , vol.18 , pp. 1019-1023
    • Hakala, S.M.1    Tilvis, R.S.2    Strandberg, T.E.3
  • 60
    • 0025347391 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2. Short-term reductions in blood pressure: Overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context
    • Collins R, Peto R, MacMahon S, et al: Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2. Short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context. Lancet 1990; 335: 827-838.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , pp. 827-838
    • Collins, R.1    Peto, R.2    MacMahon, S.3
  • 61
    • 0023946565 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between a low treated blood pressure and IHD mortality: A report from the DHSS Hypertension Care Computing Project (DHCCP)
    • Fletcher AE, Beevers DG, Bulpitt CJ, et al: The relationship between a low treated blood pressure and IHD mortality: a report from the DHSS Hypertension Care Computing Project (DHCCP). J Hum Hypertens 1988; 2: 11-15.
    • (1988) J Hum Hypertens , vol.2 , pp. 11-15
    • Fletcher, A.E.1    Beevers, D.G.2    Bulpitt, C.J.3
  • 62
    • 0024308973 scopus 로고
    • Relation between mortality and treated blood pressure in elderly patients with hypertension: Report of the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly
    • Staessen J, Bulpitt C, Clement D, et al: Relation between mortality and treated blood pressure in elderly patients with hypertension: report of the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly. Br Med J 1989; 298: 1552-1556.
    • (1989) Br Med J , vol.298 , pp. 1552-1556
    • Staessen, J.1    Bulpitt, C.2    Clement, D.3
  • 63
    • 0027428028 scopus 로고
    • The J-curve phenomenon in stroke recurrence
    • Irie K, Yamaguchi T, Minematsu K, Omae T: The J-curve phenomenon in stroke recurrence. Stroke 1993; 24: 1844-1849.
    • (1993) Stroke , vol.24 , pp. 1844-1849
    • Irie, K.1    Yamaguchi, T.2    Minematsu, K.3    Omae, T.4
  • 64
    • 0032513878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: Principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial
    • Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, et al: Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. Lancet 1998; 351: 1755-1762.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 1755-1762
    • Hansson, L.1    Zanchetti, A.2    Carruthers, S.G.3
  • 66
    • 0024497228 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles of drug therapy in old age. Part 1
    • Tsujimoto G, Hashimoto K, Hoffman BB: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles of drug therapy in old age. Part 1. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1989; 27: 13-26.
    • (1989) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol , vol.27 , pp. 13-26
    • Tsujimoto, G.1    Hashimoto, K.2    Hoffman, B.B.3
  • 67
    • 0023724346 scopus 로고
    • Intersalt: An international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Result for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion
    • Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Result for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Br Med J 1988; 297: 319-328.
    • (1988) Br Med J , vol.297 , pp. 319-328
  • 68
    • 0018191406 scopus 로고
    • The effect of high-sodium and low-sodium intakes on blood pressure and related variables in human subjects with idiopathic hypertension
    • Kawasaki T, Delea CS, Bartter FC, Smith H: The effect of high-sodium and low-sodium intakes on blood pressure and related variables in human subjects with idiopathic hypertension. Am J Med 1978; 64: 193-198.
    • (1978) Am J Med , vol.64 , pp. 193-198
    • Kawasaki, T.1    Delea, C.S.2    Bartter, F.C.3    Smith, H.4
  • 69
    • 0032542709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium reduction and weight loss in the treatment of hypertension in older persons. A randomised controlled trial of nonpharmacologic intervensions in the elderly (TONE)
    • Whelton PK, Appel LJ, Espeland MA, et al: Sodium reduction and weight loss in the treatment of hypertension in older persons. A randomised controlled trial of nonpharmacologic intervensions in the elderly (TONE). JAMA 1998; 279; 839-846.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 839-846
    • Whelton, P.K.1    Appel, L.J.2    Espeland, M.A.3
  • 70
    • 0023105455 scopus 로고
    • Dietary potassium and stroke associated mortality. A 12 year prospective population study
    • Khaw KT, Barrett Connor E: Dietary potassium and stroke associated mortality. A 12 year prospective population study. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 235-240.
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.316 , pp. 235-240
    • Khaw, K.T.1    Barrett Connor, E.2
  • 71
    • 0021263136 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure and nutrient intake in the United States
    • McCarron DA, Morris CD, Henry HJ, Stanton JL: Blood pressure and nutrient intake in the United States. Science 1984; 224: 1392-1398.
    • (1984) Science , vol.224 , pp. 1392-1398
    • McCarron, D.A.1    Morris, C.D.2    Henry, H.J.3    Stanton, J.L.4
  • 72
    • 0023135704 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of magnesium intake and other dietary factors to blood pressure: The Honolulu heart study
    • Joffres MR, Reed DM, Yano K: Relationship of magnesium intake and other dietary factors to blood pressure: the Honolulu heart study. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 45: 469-475.
    • (1987) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.45 , pp. 469-475
    • Joffres, M.R.1    Reed, D.M.2    Yano, K.3
  • 73
    • 0031843971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of magnesium supplementation in hypertensive patients: Assessment by office, home, and ambulatory blood pressures
    • Kawano Y, Matsuoka H, Takishita S, Omae T: Effects of magnesium supplementation in hypertensive patients: assessment by office, home, and ambulatory blood pressures. Hypertension 1998; 32: 260-265.
    • (1998) Hypertension , vol.32 , pp. 260-265
    • Kawano, Y.1    Matsuoka, H.2    Takishita, S.3    Omae, T.4
  • 75
    • 0013187226 scopus 로고
    • Exercise treatment for hypertension
    • in Japanese
    • Nomura G: Exercise treatment for hypertension. Diagnosis and Therapy (Shindan-to-Chiryo) 1985; 73: 212-218 (in Japanese).
    • (1985) Diagnosis and Therapy (Shindan-to-Chiryo) , vol.73 , pp. 212-218
    • Nomura, G.1
  • 76
    • 0026030857 scopus 로고
    • Physical exercise in the management of hypertension: A consensus statement by the World Hypertension League
    • World Hypertension League: Physical exercise in the management of hypertension: a consensus statement by the World Hypertension League. J Hypertens 1991; 9: 283-287.
    • (1991) J Hypertens , vol.9 , pp. 283-287
  • 77
    • 0023627462 scopus 로고
    • Weight reduction for control of systemic hypertension
    • Vertes V: Weight reduction for control of systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1987; 60: 48G-54G.
    • (1987) Am J Cardiol , vol.60
    • Vertes, V.1
  • 79
    • 0032564132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial
    • Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA, et al: Prevention of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. Lancet 1998; 352: 1347-1351.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1347-1351
    • Forette, F.1    Seux, M.L.2    Staessen, J.A.3
  • 80
    • 0030818790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on the progression of nondiabetic renal disease: A meta-analysis of randomized trials
    • Giatras I, Lau J, Levey AS: Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on the progression of nondiabetic renal disease: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Ann Intern Med 1997; 127: 337-345.
    • (1997) Ann Intern Med , vol.127 , pp. 337-345
    • Giatras, I.1    Lau, J.2    Levey, A.S.3
  • 81
    • 0032503682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why are physicians not prescribing diuretics more frequently in the management of hypertension?
    • Moser M: Why are physicians not prescribing diuretics more frequently in the management of hypertension? JAMA 1998; 279: 1813-1816.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 1813-1816
    • Moser, M.1
  • 82
    • 0026421178 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure control in cerebrovascular disorders
    • in Japanese
    • Fujishima M: Blood pressure control in cerebrovascular disorders. J Jpn Soc Intern Med 1991; 80: 553-558 (in Japanese).
    • (1991) J Jpn Soc Intern Med , vol.80 , pp. 553-558
    • Fujishima, M.1
  • 83
    • 0029049324 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in hypertensive patients with cerebral infarction
    • Nakane H, Ibayashi S, Fujii K, Irie K, Sadoshima S, Fujishima M: Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in hypertensive patients with cerebral infarction. Angiology 1995; 46: 801-810.
    • (1995) Angiology , vol.46 , pp. 801-810
    • Nakane, H.1    Ibayashi, S.2    Fujii, K.3    Irie, K.4    Sadoshima, S.5    Fujishima, M.6
  • 84
    • 0014737068 scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow in apoplexy without arterial occlusion
    • Paulson OB, Lassen NA, Skinhoj E: Regional cerebral blood flow in apoplexy without arterial occlusion. Neurology 1970; 20: 125-138.
    • (1970) Neurology , vol.20 , pp. 125-138
    • Paulson, O.B.1    Lassen, N.A.2    Skinhoj, E.3
  • 85
    • 0027980554 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of patients with acute stroke. A statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the stroke council, American Heart Association
    • Adams HP Jr, Brott TG, Crowell RM, et al: Guidelines for the management of patients with acute stroke. A statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the stroke council, American Heart Association. Stroke 1994; 25: 1901-1914.
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , pp. 1901-1914
    • Adams Jr., H.P.1    Brott, T.G.2    Crowell, R.M.3
  • 86
    • 0020378433 scopus 로고
    • The effects of calcium antagonist, nimodipine upon physiological responses of the cerebral vasculature and its possible influence upon focal cerebral ischemia
    • Harris RJ, Branston NM, Symon L, Bayhan M, Watson A: The effects of calcium antagonist, nimodipine upon physiological responses of the cerebral vasculature and its possible influence upon focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 1982; 13: 759-766.
    • (1982) Stroke , vol.13 , pp. 759-766
    • Harris, R.J.1    Branston, N.M.2    Symon, L.3    Bayhan, M.4    Watson, A.5
  • 87
    • 0030578929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ channel antagonist, modifies cerebral blood flow autoregulation in hypertensive rats
    • 2+ channel antagonist, modifies cerebral blood flow autoregulation in hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 313: 103-106.
    • (1996) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.313 , pp. 103-106
    • Cai, H.1    Yao, H.2    Ibayashi, S.3    Takaba, H.4    Fujishima, M.5
  • 88
    • 0028358040 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme modulates the autoregulation of regional cerebral blood flow in hypertensive rats
    • Sadoshima S, Nagao T, Ibayashi S, Fujishima M: Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme modulates the autoregulation of regional cerebral blood flow in hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1994; 23: 781-785.
    • (1994) Hypertension , vol.23 , pp. 781-785
    • Sadoshima, S.1    Nagao, T.2    Ibayashi, S.3    Fujishima, M.4
  • 89
    • 0024999632 scopus 로고
    • Effect of acute and prolonged treatment with propranolol on cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen metabolism in healthy volunteers
    • Madsen PL, Vorstrup S, Schmidt JF, Paulson OB: Effect of acute and prolonged treatment with propranolol on cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen metabolism in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 39: 295-297.
    • (1990) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.39 , pp. 295-297
    • Madsen, P.L.1    Vorstrup, S.2    Schmidt, J.F.3    Paulson, O.B.4
  • 90
    • 0025303612 scopus 로고
    • Effects of carvedilol on cerebral blood flow and its autoregulation in previous stroke patients with hypertension
    • Kuriyama Y, Nakamura M, Kyougoku I, Sawada T: Effects of carvedilol on cerebral blood flow and its autoregulation in previous stroke patients with hypertension. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 39 (Suppl 2): S120-S121.
    • (1990) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.39 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Kuriyama, Y.1    Nakamura, M.2    Kyougoku, I.3    Sawada, T.4
  • 91
    • 0016244651 scopus 로고
    • Role of blood pressure in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
    • Kannel WB: Role of blood pressure in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1974; 17: 5-24.
    • (1974) Prog Cardiovasc Dis , vol.17 , pp. 5-24
    • Kannel, W.B.1
  • 92
    • 0024210903 scopus 로고
    • Angina due to coronary microvascular disease in hypertensive patients without left ventricular hypertrophy
    • Brush JE, Cannon RO, Schenke WH, et al: Angina due to coronary microvascular disease in hypertensive patients without left ventricular hypertrophy. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1302-1307.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , pp. 1302-1307
    • Brush, J.E.1    Cannon, R.O.2    Schenke, W.H.3
  • 93
    • 0025089908 scopus 로고
    • Relations among impaired coronary flow reserve, left ventricular hypertrophy and thallium perfusion defects in hypertensive patients without obstructive coronary artery disease
    • Houghton JL, Frank MJ, Carr AA, Von Dohien TW, Prisent LM: Relations among impaired coronary flow reserve, left ventricular hypertrophy and thallium perfusion defects in hypertensive patients without obstructive coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 15: 43-51.
    • (1990) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.15 , pp. 43-51
    • Houghton, J.L.1    Frank, M.J.2    Carr, A.A.3    Von Dohien, T.W.4    Prisent, L.M.5
  • 94
    • 0027164546 scopus 로고
    • Structural and functional alteration of the intramyocardial coronary arteries in patients with arterial hypertension
    • Schwartzkopff B, Motz W, Frenzel H, Vogt M, Knauer S, Strauer BE: Structural and functional alteration of the intramyocardial coronary arteries in patients with arterial hypertension. Circulation 1993; 88: 993-1003.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 993-1003
    • Schwartzkopff, B.1    Motz, W.2    Frenzel, H.3    Vogt, M.4    Knauer, S.5    Strauer, B.E.6
  • 95
    • 0029050016 scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term enalapril therapy on cardiac structure and function in patients with left ventricular dysfunction: Results of the SOLVD echocardiography substudy
    • Greenberg B, Quinones MA, Koilpillai C, et al: Effects of long-term enalapril therapy on cardiac structure and function in patients with left ventricular dysfunction: results of the SOLVD echocardiography substudy. Circulation 1995; 91: 2573-2581.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 2573-2581
    • Greenberg, B.1    Quinones, M.A.2    Koilpillai, C.3
  • 96
    • 0029132121 scopus 로고
    • Nifedipine. Dose-related increase in mortality in patients with coronary heart disease
    • Furberg CD, Psaty BM, Meyer JV: Nifedipine. Dose-related increase in mortality in patients with coronary heart disease. Circulation 1995; 92; 1326-1331.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 1326-1331
    • Furberg, C.D.1    Psaty, B.M.2    Meyer, J.V.3
  • 97
    • 0023198615 scopus 로고
    • Low mortality from all causes, including myocardial infarction in well-controlled-hypertensives treated with a beta-blocker plus other antihypertensives
    • Cruickshank JM, Pennert K, Sorman AE, Thorp JM, Zacharias FM, Zacharias FJ: Low mortality from all causes, including myocardial infarction in well-controlled-hypertensives treated with a beta-blocker plus other antihypertensives. J Hypertens 1987; 5: 489-498.
    • (1987) J Hypertens , vol.5 , pp. 489-498
    • Cruickshank, J.M.1    Pennert, K.2    Sorman, A.E.3    Thorp, J.M.4    Zacharias, F.M.5    Zacharias, F.J.6
  • 98
    • 0025913812 scopus 로고
    • Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure
    • The SOLVD Investigators: Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 293-302.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 293-302
  • 99
    • 13044254854 scopus 로고
    • Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adult: Principal results
    • MRC Working Group: Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adult: principal results. Br Med J 1992; 325: 293-302.
    • (1992) Br Med J , vol.325 , pp. 293-302
  • 100
    • 0026060036 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aging on left ventricular structure and function
    • Pearson AC, Gudipati CV, Labovitz AJ: Effect of aging on left ventricular structure and function. Am Heart J 1991; 121; 871-875.
    • (1991) Am Heart J , vol.121 , pp. 871-875
    • Pearson, A.C.1    Gudipati, C.V.2    Labovitz, A.J.3
  • 101
    • 0027179145 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aging on the relationship between early diastolic left ventricular function and mitral valve motion
    • Tsuchiya H, Matsumoto M, Goriya Y: Effect of aging on the relationship between early diastolic left ventricular function and mitral valve motion. Can J Cardiol 1993; 9: 47-52.
    • (1993) Can J Cardiol , vol.9 , pp. 47-52
    • Tsuchiya, H.1    Matsumoto, M.2    Goriya, Y.3
  • 102
    • 0029937949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure
    • Packer M, Bristow MR, Cohn JN, et al: The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 1349-1355.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 1349-1355
    • Packer, M.1    Bristow, M.R.2    Cohn, J.N.3
  • 103
    • 0029803317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and hypertension in Japanese
    • Iimura O: Insulin resistance and hypertension in Japanese. Hypertens Res 1996; 19 (Suppl I): S1-S8.
    • (1996) Hypertens Res , vol.19 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Iimura, O.1
  • 104
    • 0013255527 scopus 로고
    • Study on pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, especially on carbohydrate metabolic disorders in the elderly
    • Hakura R: Study on pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, especially on carbohydrate metabolic disorders in the elderly. Tokyo Women's Medical College Journal 1969; 39: 90-99.
    • (1969) Tokyo Women's Medical College Journal , vol.39 , pp. 90-99
    • Hakura, R.1
  • 105
    • 0026848438 scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up study in the hypertensive patients-Hisayama-study
    • in Japanese
    • Kiyohara Y, Fujishima M: Long-term follow-up study in the hypertensive patients-Hisayama-study. Nihon-Rinsho 1992; 50 (Suppl Hypertension): 204-209 (in Japanese).
    • (1992) Nihon-Rinsho , vol.50 , Issue.SUPPL. HYPERTENSION , pp. 204-209
    • Kiyohara, Y.1    Fujishima, M.2
  • 106
    • 0026021161 scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance: A multifaced syndrome reponsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
    • DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E: Insulin resistance: a multifaced syndrome reponsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care 1991; 14: 173-194.
    • (1991) Diabetes Care , vol.14 , pp. 173-194
    • DeFronzo, R.A.1    Ferrannini, E.2
  • 107
    • 0013239806 scopus 로고
    • Hypertension and its management in diabetes mellitus
    • Brenner BM and Stein JH (eds): New York, Churchil Livingston
    • Tuck ML, Corry DB: Hypertension and its management in diabetes mellitus, in Brenner BM and Stein JH (eds): The Kidney in Diabetes Mellitus, New York, Churchil Livingston, 1989, p115.
    • (1989) The Kidney in Diabetes Mellitus , pp. 115
    • Tuck, M.L.1    Corry, D.B.2
  • 108
    • 0023734609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hypertension in the patient with diabetes mellitus. Focus on the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
    • Tuck ML: Management of hypertension in the patient with diabetes mellitus. Focus on the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Am J Hypertens 1998; 1: 384S-388S.
    • (1998) Am J Hypertens , vol.1
    • Tuck, M.L.1
  • 109
    • 85038136829 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus
    • Hagiwara T (ed): Nakayama-Shoten, Tokyo, in Japanese
    • Itoh H: Diabetes mellitus, in Hagiwara T (ed): New Series of Internal Medicine Vol. 79. Nakayama-Shoten, Tokyo, 1995, pp204-209 (in Japanese).
    • (1995) New Series of Internal Medicine , vol.79 , pp. 204-209
    • Itoh, H.1
  • 110
    • 0021928204 scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinemia: A link between hypertension, obesity and glucose intolerance
    • Modan M, Halkin H, Almog S, et al: Hyperinsulinemia: a link between hypertension, obesity and glucose intolerance. J Clin Invest 1985; 75: 809-817.
    • (1985) J Clin Invest , vol.75 , pp. 809-817
    • Modan, M.1    Halkin, H.2    Almog, S.3
  • 111
    • 0025946631 scopus 로고
    • Effects of antihypertensive treatment on insulin sensitivity with special reference to ACE inhibitors
    • Berne C, Pollare T, Lithell H: Effects of antihypertensive treatment on insulin sensitivity with special reference to ACE inhibitors. Diabetes Care 1991; 14 (Suppl 4): 39-47.
    • (1991) Diabetes Care , vol.14 , Issue.4 SUPPL. , pp. 39-47
    • Berne, C.1    Pollare, T.2    Lithell, H.3
  • 112
    • 0002591485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of dialysis treatment in Japan (as of Dec. 31, 1996)
    • in Japanese
    • Committee on Statistical Studies, Jpn Soc Dial Ther: An overview of dialysis treatment in Japan (as of Dec. 31, 1996). J Jpn Soc Dial Ther 1998; 31: 1-24 (in Japanese).
    • (1998) J Jpn Soc Dial Ther , vol.31 , pp. 1-24
  • 113
    • 0030034592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure and end-stage renal disease in men
    • Klag MJ, Whelton PK, Randall BL, et al: Blood pressure and end-stage renal disease in men. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 13-18.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 13-18
    • Klag, M.J.1    Whelton, P.K.2    Randall, B.L.3
  • 114
    • 76549236600 scopus 로고
    • Age changes in glomerular filtration rate: Effective renal plasma flow and tubular excretory capacity in adult males
    • Davies DF, Shock NW: Age changes in glomerular filtration rate: effective renal plasma flow and tubular excretory capacity in adult males. J Clin Invest 1950; 29: 496-507.
    • (1950) J Clin Invest , vol.29 , pp. 496-507
    • Davies, D.F.1    Shock, N.W.2
  • 115
    • 0021720326 scopus 로고
    • Association between blood pressure and the rate of decline in renal function with age
    • Lindeman RD, Tobin JD, Shock NW: Association between blood pressure and the rate of decline in renal function with age. Kidney Int 1984; 26: 861-868.
    • (1984) Kidney Int , vol.26 , pp. 861-868
    • Lindeman, R.D.1    Tobin, J.D.2    Shock, N.W.3
  • 116
    • 0027049331 scopus 로고
    • Effect of antihypertensive therapy on the kidney in patients with diabetes: A meta-regression analysis
    • Kasiske BL, Kalil RS, Ma JZ, Liao M, Keane WF: Effect of antihypertensive therapy on the kidney in patients with diabetes: a meta-regression analysis. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 129-138.
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.118 , pp. 129-138
    • Kasiske, B.L.1    Kalil, R.S.2    Ma, J.Z.3    Liao, M.4    Keane, W.F.5
  • 117
    • 0025831624 scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol/arteriosclerosis and cerebro-cardiac complications in the elderly
    • in Japanese
    • Kuramoto T, Ueda S, Matsushima T, et al: Cholesterol/arteriosclerosis and cerebro-cardiac complications in the elderly. Jpn J Geriatr 1991; 28: 188-193 (in Japanese).
    • (1991) Jpn J Geriatr , vol.28 , pp. 188-193
    • Kuramoto, T.1    Ueda, S.2    Matsushima, T.3
  • 118
    • 0029161830 scopus 로고
    • HDL cholesterol predicts coronary heart disease mortality in older persons
    • Corti MC: HDL cholesterol predicts coronary heart disease mortality in older persons. JAMA 1995; 274: 539-544.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 539-544
    • Corti, M.C.1
  • 119
    • 0013239054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice Guideline of Hyperlipidemia
    • in Japanese
    • Japanese Society of Arteriosclerosis, Study Committee on Practice Guidelines of Hyperlipidemia: Practice Guideline of Hyperlipidemia. Arteriosclerosis 1997; 25: 1-34 (in Japanese).
    • (1997) Arteriosclerosis , vol.25 , pp. 1-34
  • 120
    • 0013188163 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral vascular disease in the elderly
    • Tresch DD and Aronow WS (eds): New York, Marcel Dekker
    • Lyon RT, Rivers SP, Veith FJ: Peripheral vascular disease in the elderly, in, Tresch DD and Aronow WS (eds): Cardiovascular disease in the elderly patients. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1994, pp603-623.
    • (1994) Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly Patients , pp. 603-623
    • Lyon, R.T.1    Rivers, S.P.2    Veith, F.J.3
  • 121
    • 0023194540 scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled comparison of captopril, atenolol, labetalol, and pindolol in hypertension complicated by intermittent claudication
    • Roberts DH, Tsao Y, McLoughlin GA, Breckenridge A: Placebo-controlled comparison of captopril, atenolol, labetalol, and pindolol in hypertension complicated by intermittent claudication. Lancet 1987; ii: 650-653.
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 650-653
    • Roberts, D.H.1    Tsao, Y.2    McLoughlin, G.A.3    Breckenridge, A.4
  • 122
    • 0023692337 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of captopril and nicardipine effects on chronic occlusive arterial disease of the lower extremity using Doppler ultrasound
    • Bernardi D, Bartoli P, Ferreri A, Geri AB, Ieri A: Assessment of captopril and nicardipine effects on chronic occlusive arterial disease of the lower extremity using Doppler ultrasound. Angiology 1988; 39: 942-952.
    • (1988) Angiology , vol.39 , pp. 942-952
    • Bernardi, D.1    Bartoli, P.2    Ferreri, A.3    Geri, A.B.4    Ieri, A.5
  • 124
    • 0031037093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of verapamil in intermittent claudication: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study after individual dose-response assessement
    • Bagger JP, Helligsoe P, Randsbaek F, Kimose HH, Jensen BS: Effect of verapamil in intermittent claudication: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study after individual dose-response assessement. Circulation 1997; 95: 411-414.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.95 , pp. 411-414
    • Bagger, J.P.1    Helligsoe, P.2    Randsbaek, F.3    Kimose, H.H.4    Jensen, B.S.5
  • 125
    • 0022396222 scopus 로고
    • Effect of β-adrenergic blockers on the peripheral circulation in patients with peripheral vascular disease
    • Hiatt WR, Stoll S, Nies AS: Effect of β-adrenergic blockers on the peripheral circulation in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Circulation 1985; 72: 1226-1231.
    • (1985) Circulation , vol.72 , pp. 1226-1231
    • Hiatt, W.R.1    Stoll, S.2    Nies, A.S.3
  • 126
    • 0029985396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of renal artery stenosis in patients with peripheral vascular disease and hypertension
    • Wachtell K, Ibsen H, Olsen MH, et al: Prevalence of renal artery stenosis in patients with peripheral vascular disease and hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 1996; 10: 83-85.
    • (1996) J Hum Hypertens , vol.10 , pp. 83-85
    • Wachtell, K.1    Ibsen, H.2    Olsen, M.H.3
  • 127
    • 0026088596 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of peripheral vascular disease. Implication for its management
    • Hertzer NR: The natural history of peripheral vascular disease. Implication for its management. Circulation 1991; 83 (Suppl 2): 112-119.
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.83 , Issue.2 SUPPL. , pp. 112-119
    • Hertzer, N.R.1
  • 128
    • 0013290674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antihypertensive treatment: Drug interactions of clinical significance
    • in Japanese
    • Takishita S: Antihypertensive treatment: drug interactions of clinical significance. Saishin-Igaku 1996; 51: 721-731 (in Japanese).
    • (1996) Saishin-Igaku , vol.51 , pp. 721-731
    • Takishita, S.1
  • 129
    • 0028037625 scopus 로고
    • NSAID-related adverse drug interactions with clinical relevance
    • Johnson AG, Seidemann P, Day RO: NSAID-related adverse drug interactions with clinical relevance. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994; 32: 509-532.
    • (1994) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.32 , pp. 509-532
    • Johnson, A.G.1    Seidemann, P.2    Day, R.O.3
  • 130
    • 0021802653 scopus 로고
    • Anuric renal failure precipitated by indomethacin and triamterene
    • Weinberg MS, Quigg RJ, Salant DJ, Bernard DB: Anuric renal failure precipitated by indomethacin and triamterene. Nephron 1985; 40: 216-218.
    • (1985) Nephron , vol.40 , pp. 216-218
    • Weinberg, M.S.1    Quigg, R.J.2    Salant, D.J.3    Bernard, D.B.4
  • 132
    • 0022538428 scopus 로고
    • The effects of captopril on serum digoxin and urinary urea and digoxin clearances in patients with congestive heart failure
    • Cleland JG, Dargie HJ, Pettigrew A, Gillen G, Robertson JI: The effects of captopril on serum digoxin and urinary urea and digoxin clearances in patients with congestive heart failure. Am Heart J 1986; 112: 130-135.
    • (1986) Am Heart J , vol.112 , pp. 130-135
    • Cleland, J.G.1    Dargie, H.J.2    Pettigrew, A.3    Gillen, G.4    Robertson, J.I.5
  • 133
    • 0025962916 scopus 로고
    • The J-curve phenomenon and the treatment of hypertension: Is there a point beyond which pressure reduction is dangerous?
    • Farnett L, Mulrow CD, Linn WD, Lucey CR, Tuley MR: The J-curve phenomenon and the treatment of hypertension: is there a point beyond which pressure reduction is dangerous? JAMA 1991; 265: 489-495.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 489-495
    • Farnett, L.1    Mulrow, C.D.2    Linn, W.D.3    Lucey, C.R.4    Tuley, M.R.5
  • 134
    • 0029151058 scopus 로고
    • Calcium antagonists: Drug interactions of clinical significance
    • Rosenthal T, Ezra D: Calcium antagonists: drug interactions of clinical significance. Drug Saf 1995; 13: 157-187.
    • (1995) Drug Saf , vol.13 , pp. 157-187
    • Rosenthal, T.1    Ezra, D.2
  • 135
    • 0020635967 scopus 로고
    • Accumulation and adverse effects of metoprolol and propranolol after concurrent administration of cimetidine
    • Kirch W, Spahn H, Kohler H, Mutschler E: Accumulation and adverse effects of metoprolol and propranolol after concurrent administration of cimetidine. Arch Toxicol 1983; 6: 379-383.
    • (1983) Arch Toxicol , vol.6 , pp. 379-383
    • Kirch, W.1    Spahn, H.2    Kohler, H.3    Mutschler, E.4
  • 137
    • 0020120646 scopus 로고
    • The effect of cholestyramine and colestipol on the absorption of hydrochlorothiazide
    • Hunninghake DB, King S, LaCroix K: The effect of cholestyramine and colestipol on the absorption of hydrochlorothiazide. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1982; 20: 151-154.
    • (1982) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol , vol.20 , pp. 151-154
    • Hunninghake, D.B.1    King, S.2    LaCroix, K.3
  • 138
    • 0021345170 scopus 로고
    • Fatal Stevens-Johnson syndrome in a patient on captopril and allopurinol
    • Pennell DJ, Nunan TO, O'Doherty MJ, Croft DN: Fatal Stevens-Johnson syndrome in a patient on captopril and allopurinol. Lancet 1984; i: 463.
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 463
    • Pennell, D.J.1    Nunan, T.O.2    O'Doherty, M.J.3    Croft, D.N.4
  • 139
    • 0029019531 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycaemia associated with use of inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme
    • Herings RM, de Boer A, Stricker BH, Leufkens HG, Porsius A: Hypoglycaemia associated with use of inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme. Lancet 1995; 345: 1195-1198.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 1195-1198
    • Herings, R.M.1    De Boer, A.2    Stricker, B.H.3    Leufkens, H.G.4    Porsius, A.5
  • 140
    • 0027474601 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of the cardiotoxic actions of terfenadine
    • Woosley RL, Chen Y, Freiman JP, Gillis RA: Mechanism of the cardiotoxic actions of terfenadine. JAMA 1993; 269: 1532-1536.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 1532-1536
    • Woosley, R.L.1    Chen, Y.2    Freiman, J.P.3    Gillis, R.A.4
  • 141
    • 85038136062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No.96-6, February in Japanese
    • Emergency Safety Information. No.96-6, February 1997 (in Japanese).
    • (1997) Emergency Safety Information
  • 142
    • 85038147939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • in Japanese
    • Pharmaceutical Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Health and Welfare: Information on Adverse Reactions to Drugs 1997; No.143: 12 (in Japanese).
    • (1997) Information on Adverse Reactions to Drugs , Issue.143 , pp. 12
  • 144
  • 145
    • 0021028081 scopus 로고
    • Amantadine-dyazide interaction
    • Wilson TW, Rajput AH: Amantadine-dyazide interaction. Can Med Assoc J 1983; 129: 974-975.
    • (1983) Can Med Assoc J , vol.129 , pp. 974-975
    • Wilson, T.W.1    Rajput, A.H.2
  • 146
    • 0024987816 scopus 로고
    • Enalapril-associated acute renal failure in renal transplants: Possible role of cyclosporine
    • Murray BM, Venuto RC, Kohli R, Cunningham EE: Enalapril-associated acute renal failure in renal transplants: possible role of cyclosporine. Am J Kid Dis 1990; 16: 66-69.
    • (1990) Am J Kid Dis , vol.16 , pp. 66-69
    • Murray, B.M.1    Venuto, R.C.2    Kohli, R.3    Cunningham, E.E.4
  • 147
    • 0026099498 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of citrus juces with felodipine and nifedipine
    • Bailey DG, Spence JD, Munoz C, Arnold JM: Interaction of citrus juces with felodipine and nifedipine. Lancet 1991; 337: 268-269.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 268-269
    • Bailey, D.G.1    Spence, J.D.2    Munoz, C.3    Arnold, J.M.4
  • 148
    • 0033547738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of sildenafil (Viagra) in patients with cardiovascular disease
    • Cheitlin MD, Hutter AM Jr, Brindis RG, et al: Use of sildenafil (Viagra) in patients with cardiovascular disease. Circulation 1999; 99: 168-177.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 168-177
    • Cheitlin, M.D.1    Hutter Jr., A.M.2    Brindis, R.G.3
  • 149
    • 0024313418 scopus 로고
    • Functional status and well-being of patients with chronic conditions
    • Stewart AL, Greenfield S, Hays RD, et al: Functional status and well-being of patients with chronic conditions. JAMA 1989; 262: 907-913.
    • (1989) JAMA , vol.262 , pp. 907-913
    • Stewart, A.L.1    Greenfield, S.2    Hays, R.D.3
  • 151
    • 0013237627 scopus 로고
    • Treatment and QOL for hypertension in the elderly
    • in Japanese
    • Mikami H, Ogihara T: Treatment and QOL for hypertension in the elderly. Ther Res 1993; 14: 3332-3337 (in Japanese).
    • (1993) Ther Res , vol.14 , pp. 3332-3337
    • Mikami, H.1    Ogihara, T.2
  • 152
    • 0013250785 scopus 로고
    • Development of QOL evaluation method in the elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases
    • in Japanese
    • Nagashima K, Naito K: Development of QOL evaluation method in the elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases. Ther Res 1993; 14: 3313-3317 (in Japanese).
    • (1993) Ther Res , vol.14 , pp. 3313-3317
    • Nagashima, K.1    Naito, K.2
  • 153
    • 0027516970 scopus 로고
    • Elderly hypertensives and quality of life: Some mothodological considerations
    • Kitler ME: Elderly hypertensives and quality of life: some mothodological considerations. Eur Heart J 1993; 14: 113-121.
    • (1993) Eur Heart J , vol.14 , pp. 113-121
    • Kitler, M.E.1
  • 154
    • 0031425435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does lowering the blood pressure improve the mood?: Quality-of-life results from the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) study
    • Wiklund I, Hailing K, Ryden-Bergsten T, Fletcher A: Does lowering the blood pressure improve the mood?: quality-of-life results from the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) study. Blood Press 1997; 6: 357-364.
    • (1997) Blood Press , vol.6 , pp. 357-364
    • Wiklund, I.1    Hailing, K.2    Ryden-Bergsten, T.3    Fletcher, A.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.