Cooling of the Earth: A parameterized convection study of whole versus layered models

Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems

Volumn 1, Issue 11, 2000, Pages

  McNamara, Allen K ^a   Van Keken, Peter E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

convection; layered convection; mantle; parameterized; temperature; thermal evolution

Indexed keywords

BASALT; BOUNDARY LAYERS; HEAT CONVECTION; RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS; TECTONICS; TEMPERATURE;

COOLING EFFICIENCY; MANTLE; MANTLE CONVECTION MODELS; MID OCEAN RIDGE BASALTS; OCEAN ISLAND BASALTS; PARAMETERIZED; THERMAL BOUNDARY LAYER; THERMAL EVOLUTION;

PARAMETERIZATION;

CALLUNA VULGARIS;

EID: 0011262668     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15252027     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2000GC000045     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Becker, T. W., J. B. Kellogg, and, R. J. O'Connell, (1999), Thermal constraints on the survival of primitive blobs in the lower mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 171, 351-365.
2. Bijwaard, H., and, W. Spakman, (1999), Tomographic evidence for a narrow whole mantle plume below Iceland, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 166, 121-126.
3. Bijwaard, H., W. Spakman, and, E. R. Engdahl, (1998), Closing the gap between regional and global travel time tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 30,055-30,078.
4. Breuer, D., and, T. Spohn, (1993), Cooling of the Earth, Urey ratios, and the problem of potassium in the core, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1655-1658.
5. Christensen, U. R., (1984), Heat transport by variable viscosity convection and implications for the Earth's thermal evolution, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 35, 264-282.
6. Christensen, U. R., (1985 a), Heat transport by variable viscosity convection II: Pressure influence, non-Newtonian rheology and decaying heat sources, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 37, 183-205.
7. Christensen, U. R., (1985 b), Thermal evolution models of the Earth, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 2995-3007.
8. Conrad, C. P., and, B. H. Hager, (1999), The thermal evolution of an earth with strong subduction zones, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3041-3044.
9. Davies, G. F., (1998), Topography: A robust constraint on mantle fluxes, Chem. Geol., 145, 479-489.
10. Davies, G. F., and, M. A. Richards, (1992), Mantle convection, J. Geol., 100, 151-206.
11. Giannandrea, E., and, U. Christensen, (1993), Variable viscosity convection experiments with a stress-free upper boundary and implications for the heat transport in the Earth's mantle, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 78, 139-152.
12. Grand, S. P., R. D. van der Hilst, and, S. Widiyantoro, (1997), Global seismic tomography: A snapshot of convection in the Earth, GSA Today, 7, 1-7.
13. Gurnis, M., (1989), A reassessment of the heat transport by variable viscosity convection with plates and lids, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 179-182.
14. Hofmann, A. W., (1997), Mantle geochemistry: The message from oceanic volcanism, Nature, 385, 219-229.
15. 4 at the core-mantle boundary of the Earth, Science, 275, 1623-1625.
16. Honda, S., (1995), A simple parameterized model of Earth's thermal history with the transition from layered to whole mantle convection, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 131, 357-369.
17. Honda, S., and, Y. Iwase, (1996), Comparison of the dynamic and parameterized models of mantle convection including core cooling, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 139, 133-145.
18. Jackson, M. J., and, H. N. Pollack, (1984), On the sensitivity of parameterized convection to the rate of decay of internal heat sources, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 10,103-10,108.
19. Karato, S., and, P. Wu, (1993), Rheology of the upper mantle: A synthesis, Science, 260, 771-778.
20. Kellogg, L. H., B. H. Hager, and, R. D. van der Hilst, (1999), Compositional stratification in the deep mantle, Science, 283, 1881-1884.
21. McKenzie, D., and, F. M. Richter, (1981), Parameterized thermal convection in a layered region and the thermal history of the Earth, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 11,667-11,680.
22. Mitrovica, J. X., and, A. M. Forte, (1997), Radial profile of mantle viscosity: Results from the joint inversion of convection and post-glacial rebound observables, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 2751-2769.
23. Morgan, W. J., (1971), Convection plumes in the lower mantle, Nature, 230, 42-43.
24. Peltier, W. R., (1989), Mantle viscosity, in Mantle Convection: Plate Tectonics and Global Dynamics, edited by, W. R. Peltier, pp. 389-478, Gordon and Breach Sci., New York.
25. Pollack, H. N., and, D. S. Chapman, (1977), Mantle heat flow, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 34, 174-184.
26. Pollack, H. N., S. J. Hurter, and, J. R. Johnson, (1993), Heat flow from the Earth's interior: Analysis of the global data set, Rev. Geophys., 31, 267-280.
27. Schubert, G., D. Stevenson, and, P. Cassen, (1980), Whole planet cooling and the radiogenic heat source contents of the Earth and Moon, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 2531-2538.
28. Shen, Y., S. C. Solomon, I. T. Bjarnason, and, C. J. Wolfe, (1998), Seismic evidence for a lower-mantle origin of the Iceland plume, Nature, 395, 62-65.
29. Spohn, T., and, D. Breuer, (1993), Mantle differentiation through crust growth and renewal and the thermal evolution of the Earth, in Evolution of the Earth and Planets, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 74, edited by, E. Takahashi, R. Jeanlozm, and, D. Rubie, pp. 55-71, AGU, Washington, D. C.
30. Spohn, T., and, G. Schubert, (1982), Modes of mantle convection and the removal of heat from the Earth's interior, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 4682-4696.
31. Stacey, F. D., (1980), The cooling Earth: A reappraisal, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 22, 89-96.
32. Stacey, F. D., (1981), Cooling of the Earth-A constraint on paleotectonic hypotheses, in Evolution of the Earth, Geodyn. Ser., vol. 5, edited by, R. J. O'Connell, and, W. S. Fyfe, pp. 272-276, AGU, Washington, D. C.
33. Stevenson, D. J., T. Spohn, and, G. Schubert, (1983), Magnetism and thermal evolution of the terrestrial planets, Icarus, 54, 466-489.
34. Tackley, P. J., (1998), Three-dimensional simulations of mantle convection with a thermo-chemical basal boundary layer: D, in The Core Mantle Boundary Region, Geodyn. Ser., vol. 28, edited by, M. Gurnis, M. E. Wysession, E. Knittle, B. A. Buffett, pp. 231-253, AGU, Washington, D. C.
35. Turcotte, D. L., (1980), On the thermal evolution of the Earth, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 48, 53-58.
36. Turcotte, D., and, G. Schubert, (1982), Geodynamics, 450 pp., John Wiley, New York.
37. van der Hilst, R. D., and, H. Karason, (1999), Compositional heterogeneity in the bottom 1000 kilometers of the Earth's mantle: Toward a hybrid convection model, Science, 283, 1885-1888.
38. van der Hilst, R. D., S. Widiyantoro, and, E. R. Engdahl, (1997), Evidence for deep mantle circulation from global tomography, Nature, 386, 579-584.
39. van Keken, P. E., (2000), The art of maintaining a chemically diverse mantle, paper presented 12th annual IRIS workshop, Rockport, Maine, May 7-11.
40. Van Schmus, W. R., (1995), Natural Radioactivity of the crust and mantle, in Global Earth Physics, A Handbook of Physical Constants AGU Ref. Shelf, vol. 1, edited by, T. J. Ahrens, pp. 283-291, AGU, Washington, D.C.
41. Wang, Z. W., (1999), The melting of Al-bearing perovskite at the core-mantle boundary, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 115, 219-228.
42. Williams, D. R., and, V. Pan, (1992), Internally heated mantle convection and the thermal and degassing history of the Earth, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 8937-8950.
43. Zerr, A., A. Diegeler, and, R. Boehler, (1998), Solidus of the Earth's deep mantle, Science, 281, 243-246.