Perceptions of social-sexual communication at work as sexually harassing

Management Communication Quarterly

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 147-184

  Solomon, Denise Haunani ^a   Williams, Mary Lynn Miller ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0009212765     PISSN: 08933189     EISSN: 15526798     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0893318997112001     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Abbey, A. (1982). Sex differences in attributions for friendly behavior: Do males misperceive females' friendliness?Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 830-838.
2. Anderson, C. I., & Hunsaker, P. L. (1985). Why there's romancing at the office and why it's everybody's problem. Personnel, 62, 52-63.
3. Bingham, S. G. (1991). Communication strategies for managing sexual harassment in organizations: Understanding message options and their effects. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 19, 88-115.
4. Bingham, S. G. (1994). Conceptualizing sexual harassmentasdiscursive practice. Westport, CT: Praeger.
5. Blum-Kulka, S. (1987). Indirectness and politeness in requests: Same or different?Journal of Pragmatics, 11, 131-146.
6. Blum-Kulka, S., House, J., & Kasper, G. (Eds.). (1989). Cross-culturalpragmatics: Requests and apologies. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
7. Brown, P., & Levinson, S. (1978). Universals in language use: Politeness phenomena. In E. N. Goody (Ed.), Questions and politeness (pp. 56-289). London: Cambridge University Press.
8. Brown, P., & Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
9. Bureau of National Affairs. (1988). Corporate affairs: Nepotism, office romance, & sexual harassment. Washington, DC: Bureau of National Affairs.
10. Burgess, D., & Borgida, E. (1997). Sexual harassment: An experimental test of sex-role spillover theory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 63-75.
11. Burgoon, J. K. (1983). Nonverbal violations of expectations. In J. M. Wiemann & R. P. Harrison (Eds.), Nonverbal interaction (pp. 77-111). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
12. Burgoon, J. K., & Hale, J. L. (1988). Nonverbal expectancy violations: Model elaboration and application to immediacy behaviors. Comnunication Monographs, 55, 58-79.
13. Castellow, W. A., Wuensch, K. L., & Moore, C. H. (1990). Effects of physical attractiveness of the plaintiff and defendant in sexual harassment judgments. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 547-562.
14. Clair, R. P. (1994). Hegemony and harassment: Adiscursive practice. In S. G. Bingham (Ed.), Conceptualizing sexual harassment as discursive practice (pp. 59-70). Westport, CT: Praeger.
15. Clair, R. P. (1996). The political nature of the colloquialism, "a real job": Implications for organizational socialization. Communication Monographs, 63, 249-267.
16. Clark, H. H., & Schunk, D. H. (1980). Polite responses to polite requests. Cognition, 8, 111-143.
17. Conrad, C., & Taylor, B. (1994). The context(s) of sexual harassment: Power, silences, and academe. In S. G. Bingham (Ed.), Conceptualizing sexual harassment as discursive practice (pp. 45-58). Westport, CT: Praeger.
18. Conte, A. (1997). Legal theories of sexual harassment. In W. O'Donohue (Ed.), Sexual harassment: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 51-83). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
19. Crull, P. (1982). Stress effects of sexual harassment on the job: Implications for counseling. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52, 539-544.
20. Dillard, J. P., Hale, J. L., & Segrin, C. (1994). Close relationships in task environments: Perceptions of relational types, illicitness, and power. Management Communication Quarterly, 7, 227-255.
21. Dillard, J. P., & Miller, K. I. (1988). Intimate relationships in task environments. In S. W. Duck (Ed.), Handbook of personal relationships (pp. 449-465). New York: John Wiley.
22. Dillard, J. P., Solomon, D. H., & Samp, J. A. (1996). Framing social reality: The relevance of relational judgments. Communication Research, 23, 703-723.
23. Duran, R. L., & Kelly, L. (1988). The influence of communicative competence on perceived task, social, and physical attraction. Communication Quarterly, 36,41-49.
24. Dziech, B., & Weiner, L. (1984). The lecherous professor. Boston: Beacon.
25. Efran, M. G. (1974). The effectof physical appearance onthejudgment of guilt, interpersonal attraction, and severity of recommended punishment in a simulated jury task. Journal of Research in Personality, 8, 45-54.
26. Eisenberg, E. M. (1984). Ambiguity as strategy in organizational communication. Communication Monographs, 5, 227-242.
27. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (1980). Guidelines on discrimination because of sex. Federal Register, 45, 74676-74677.
28. Faley, R. H. (1982). Sexual harassment: Critical review of legal cases with general principles and preventive measures. Personnel Psychology, 35, 583-600.
29. Fitzgerald, L. F. (1990). Sexual harassment: The definition and measurement of a construct. In M. A. Paludi (Ed.), Ivory power: Sexual harassment on campus (pp. 21-44). Albany: SUNY Press.
30. Fitzgerald, L. F. (1993). Sexual harassment: Violence against women in the workplace. American Psychologist, 48, 1070-1076.
31. Fitzgerald, L. F, Swan, S., & Magley, V. J. (1997). But was it really sexual harassment?: Legal, behavioral, and psychological definitions of the workplace victimization of women. In W. O'Donohue (Ed.), Sexual harassment: Theory research, and treatment (pp. 5-28). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
32. Grauerholz, E. (1989). Sexual harassment of women professors by students: Exploring the dynamics of power, authority, and gender in a university setting. Sex Roles, 21, 789-801.
33. Grauerholz, E. (1994). Gender socialization and communication: The inscription of sexual harassment in social life. In S. G. Bingham (Ed.), Conceptualizing sexual harassment as discursive practice (pp. 33-44). Westport, CT: Praeger.
34. Gutek, B. A. (1985). Sex in the workplace: Impact of sexual behavior and harassment on women, men, and organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
35. Gutek, B. A. (1997). Sexual harassment policy initiatives. In W. O'Donohue (Ed.), Sexual harassment: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 185-198). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
36. Gutek, B. A., Nakamura, C. Y., Gahart, M., Handschumacher, I., & Russell, D. (1980). Sexuality and the workplace. Basic and Applied Psychology, 1, 255-265.
37. Hill, A. (1992). Sexual harassment is a serious problem. In C. Wekesser, K. L. Swisher, & C. Pierce (Eds.), Sexual harassment (pp. 23-27). San Diego, CA: Greenhaven.
38. Hogan, R., Jones, W. H., & Cheek, J. M. (1985). Socioanalytic theory: An alternative to armadillo psychology. In B. Schlenker (Ed.), The self and social life (pp. 175-198). New York: McGraw-Hill.
39. Holtgraves, T. (1986). Language structure in social interaction: Perceptions of direct and indirect speech acts and interactants who use them. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 305-314.
40. Hunter, J. E., & Lim, T. S. (1987). LIMSTAT [Computer Program]. East Lansing: Department of Communication, Michigan State University.
41. Jensen, L. W., & Gutek, B. A. (1982). Attributions and assignment of responsibility in sexual harassment. Journal of Social Issues, 38, 121-136.
42. Jones, T. S., Remland, M. S., & Brunner, C. C. (1987). Effects of employment relationship, response of recipient, and sex of rater on perceptions of sexual harassment. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 65, 55-63.
43. Kenig, S., & Ryan, J. (1986). Sex differences in levels of tolerance and attribution of blame for sexual harassment on a university campus. Sex Roles, 15, 535-549.
44. Kram, K. E. (1984, August). How organizations shape the dynamics of cross-gender relationships. Paper presented to the National Academy of Management, Boston.
45. Lafontaine, E., & Tredeau, L. (1986). The frequency, sources, and correlates of sexual harassment among women in traditional male occupations. Sex Roles, 15, 433-442.
46. Lawler, E. J., & Bacharach, S. B. (1987). Comparison of dependence and punitive forms of power. Social Forces, 66, 446-462.
47. Littler-Bishop, S., Seidler-Feller, D., & Opaluch, R. E. (1982). Sexual harassment in the workplace as a function of initiator's status: The case of airline personnel. Journal of Social Issues, 38, 137-148.
48. Loy, P. H., & Stewart, L. P. (1984). The extent of effects of the sexual harassment of working women. Sociological Focus, 17, 31-43.
49. Mainiero, L. A. (1989). Office romance: Love, power, and sex in the workplace. New York: Rawson.
50. Margolin, L. (1990). Gender and the stolen kiss: The social support of male and female to violate a partner's sexual consent in a noncoercive situation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 19, 281-291.
51. Marks, M. A., & Nelson, E. S. (1993). Sexual harassment on campus: Effects of professor gender on perception of sexually harassing behaviors. Sex Roles, 28, 207-217.
52. McCann, N. D., & McGinn, T. A. (1992). Harassed: 100 women define inappropriate behavior in the workplace. Homewood, IL: Business One Irwin.
53. McKinney, K. (1990). Sexual harassment of university faculty by colleagues and students. Sex Roles, 23, 421-438.
54. Mongeau, P. A., & Carey, C. M. (1996). Who's wooing whom II? An experimental investigation of date-initiation and expectancy violation. Western Journal of Communication, 60, 195-213.
55. Mongeau, P. A., Hale, J. L., Johnson, K. L., & Hillis, J. (1993). Who's wooing whom? Perceptions of female-initiated first dates. In P. A. Kalbfleish (Ed.), Interpersonal communication: Evolving interpersonal relationships (pp. 51-74). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
56. Paludi, M. A., & Barickman, R. B. (1991). Academic and workplace sexual harassment: A resource manual. Albany: SUNY Press.
57. Pierce, C. A., & Aguinis, H. (in press). Bridging the gap between romantic relationships and sexual harassment in organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior.
58. Powell, G. N. (1986). Effects of sex role identity and sex on definitions of sexual harassment. Sex Roles, 14,9-19.
59. Powell, G. N. (1993). Women and men in management (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
60. Pryor, J. B. (1985). The lay person's understanding of sexual harassment. Sex Roles, 13, 273-286.
61. Pryor, J. B., & Day, J. D. (1988). Interpretations of sexual harassment: An attributional analysis. Sex Roles, 18, 405-417.
62. Pryor, J. B., & Whalen, N. J. (1997). A typology of sexual harassment: Characteristics of harassers and the social circumstances under which sexual harassment occurs. In W. O'Donohue (Ed.), Sexual harassment: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 129-151). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
63. Quinn, R. E. (1977). Coping with cupid: The formation, impact, and management of romantic relationships in organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22, 30-45.
64. Quinn, R. E., & Lees, P. L. (1984). Attraction and harassment: Dynamics of sexual politics in the workplace. Organizational Dynamics, 13, 35-46.
65. Reilly, T., Carpenter, S., Dull, V., & Bartlett, K. (1982). The factorial survey: An approach to defining sexual harassment on campus. Journal of Social Issues, 38, 99-110.
66. Remland, M. S., & Jones, T. S. (1985). Sex differences, communication consistency, and judgments of sexual harassment in a performance appraisal interview. Southern Speech Communication Journal, 50, 156-176.
67. Shotland, R. L., & Craig, J. M. (1989). Can men and women differentiate between friendly and sexually interested behavior?Social Psychology Quarterly, 51, 66-73.
68. Solomon, D. H., Dillard, J. P., & Samp, J. A. (1996). [Employment experience in a sample of 198 college students]. Unpublished raw data.
69. Summers, R. J., & Myklebust, K. (1992). The influence of a history of romance on judgments and responses to a complaint of sexual harassment. Sex Roles, 27, 345-357.
70. Tangri, S. S., Burt, M. R., & Johnson, L. B. (1982). Sexual harassment at work: Three explanatory models. Journal of Social Issues, 38, 33-54.
71. Tangri, S. S., & Hayes, S. M. (1997). Theories of sexual harassment. In W. O'Donohue (Ed.), Sexual harassment: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 112-128). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
72. Valentine-French, S., & Radtke, H. L. (1989). Attributions of responsibility for an incident of sexual harassment in a university setting. Sex Roles, 21, 545-555.
73. Weber-Burdin, E., & Rossi, P. H. (1982). Defining sexual harassment on campus: A replication and extension. Journal of Social Issues, 38, 111-120.
74. White, G. M. (1980). Conceptual u.ivcrsals in language. American Anthropologist, 82, 759-781.
75. Witteman, H. (1993). The interface between sexual harassment and organizational romance. In G. L. Kreps (Ed.), Sexual harassment: Communication implications (pp. 27-62). Cresskill, NJ: Hamptom Press.