Evidence from scanning electron microscopy of experimental influences on the morphology of Triton and Titan tholins

Planetary and Space Science

Volumn 47, Issue 3-4, 1999, Pages 433-440

  De Vanssay, Etienne ^a   McDonald, Gene D ^a,c   Khare, Bishun N ^b  

^a Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences   (United States)

^b NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^c CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0009161043     PISSN: 00320633     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0032-0633(98)00129-9     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Bar-Nun, A., Kleinfeld, I., Ganor, E., 1998. Shape and Optical Properties of Aerosols Formed by Photolysis of Acetylene, Ethylene and Hydrogen Cyanide. JGR 93, 8383.
2. Bell, A.T., 1974. Fundamental of Plasma Polymerization. In: Hollahan, J.R., Bell, A.T. (Eds.), Techniques and Applications of Plasma Chemistry. John Wiley, NY.
3. Bish, C., Wang, Y.B., Teyssandier, F., 1995. Wall-less like reactor: Simulation and experimental results. Journal de physique IV 5 (June), C5-299-C5-306.
4. Cabane, M., Chassefière, E., Israël, G., 1992. Formation and Growth of Photochemical Aerosols in Titan's Atmosphere. Icarus 96, 176-189.
5. Cabane, M., Rannou, P., Chassefière, E., Israël, G., 1993. Fractal Aggregates in Titan's Atmosphere. Planet. Space Sci. 41 (4), 257-267.
6. Chassefière, E., Cabane, M., 1995. Two Formation Regions for Titan's Hazes: Indirect Clues and Possible Synthesis Mechanisms. Planet. Space Sci. 43(1/2), 91-103.
7. Coll, P., Coscia, D., Gazeau, M.-C., Guez, L., Raulin, F., 1997. Review and Latest Results of Laboratory Investigations of Titan's Aerosols. Origins of Life, in press.
8. Collison, W.Z., Kushner, M.J., 1996. Conceptual design of advanced coupled plasma etching tools using computer modeling. IEEE Transaction on plasma Science 24 (1), 135-136.
9. de Vanssay, E., 1994. Une approche expérimentale pour l'étude de la chimie organique en phases gazeuse et solide de l'atmosphère de Titan. These de Doctorat de l'Université Paris7-Denis Diderot.
10. Karkoschka, E., Lorenz, R.D., 1997. Latitude Variation of Aerosol Sizes Inferred from Titan's Shadow. Icarus 125 (2), 369-379.
11. Khare, B.N., Segan, C., Arakawa, E.T., Suits, F., Callcott, T.A., Williams, M.W., 1984. Optical Constants of Organic Tholins Produced in a Simulated Titanian Atmosphere: from Soft X-Ray to Microwave Frequencies. Icarus 60, 127-137.
12. Khare, B.N., Sagan, C., Thompson, W.R., Arakawa, E.T., Votaw, P., 1987. Solid Hydrocarbon Aerosols Produced in Simulated Uranian and Neptunian Stratospheres. JGR (Space Phys.) 92, 15,067.
13. Levitan, Y.S., 1996. Electric Fluctuation Caused by Gasdynamic Turbulence in Electric-Arc Devices. IEEE Transaction on plasma Science 24 (1), 137-142.
14. McDonald, G.D., Thompson, W.R., Heinrich, M., Khare, B.N., Sagan, C., 1994. Chemical Investigation of Titan and Triton Tholins. Icarus 108 (1), 137-145.
15. McKay, C.P., 1996. Elemental Composition and Properties of Titan's Organic Haze. Planetary and Space Science 44 (8), 741-747.
16. Mouzouris, Y., Scharre, J.E., 1996. Modeling of Profile Effects for Inductive Helicon Plasma Sources. IEEE Transaction on plasma Science 24 (1), 152-160.
17. Noy, N., 1981. Atmospheric chemistry on Jupiter and Titan. Ph.D. Thesis, Tel-Aviv.
18. Rages, K., Pollack, J.B., Smith, P.H., 1983. Size Estimates of Titan's Aerosols Based on Voyager High Phase Angle Images. JGR 88 (A11), 8721-8728.
19. Rannou, P., Cabane, M., Chassefière, E., Botet, R., McKay, C.P., Courtin, R., 1995. Titan's Geometric Albedo: Role of the Fractal Structure of the Aerosols. Icarus 118 (2), 355-372.
20. Raulin, F., Bruston, P., Paillous, P., Sternberg, R., 1995. The Low Temperature Organic Chemistry of Titan's Geofluid. Adv. Space Res. 15 (3), 321-333.
21. Raulin, F., Bruston, P., Coll, P., Coscia, D., Gazeau, M.-C., Guez, L., de Vanssay, E., 1994. Exobiology on Titan. Journal of Biological Physics 20, 39-53.
22. Raulin, F., Frère, C., Paillous, P., de Vanssay, E., Do, L., Khlifi, M., 1992. Titan and Exobiological Aspects of the Cassini-Huygens Mission. J. British Interplan. Soc. 45, 257-271.
23. Raulin, F., 1987. Organic Chemistry in the Oceans of Titan. Adv. Space Res. 7(5), 71-81.
24. Raulin, F., Mourey, D., Toupance, G., 1982. Organic syntheses from CH4-N2 atmospheres: implications for Titan. Origins of Life 12, 267-279.
25. Raulin, 1997.
26. Sagan, C., Khare, B., 1979. Tholins: Organic Chemistry of Interstellar Grains and Gas. Nature 277 (5692), 102-107.
27. Sagan, C., Thompson, W.R., 1984. Production and Condensation of Organic Gases in the Atmosphere of Titan. Icarus 59, 133-161.
28. Sagan, C., Thompson, W.R., Khare, B.N., 1992. Titan: A laboratory for prebiological organic chemistry. Acc. Chem. Res. 25, 286-292.
29. Scattergood, T.W., Lau, E.Y., Stone, B.M., 1992. Titan's Aerosols: I. Laboratory Investigations of Shapes, Size Distributions, and Aggregation of Particles Produced by UV Photolysis of Model Titan Atmospheres. Icarus 99, 98-105.
30. Thompson, W.R., Henry, T., Khare, B.N., Flynn, L., Schwartz, J., Sagan, C., 1987. Light Hydrocarbons From Plasma Discharge in H2-He-CH4: First Results and Uranian Auroral Chemistry. JGR 92 (A13), 15,083-15,092.
31. Thompson, W.R., McDonald, G.D., Sagan, C., 1994. The Titan Haze Revisited: Magnetospheric Energy Sources and Quantitative Tholin Yields. Icarus 112 (2), 376-381.
32. Toublanc, D., Parisot, J.P., Brillet, J., Gautier, D., Raulin, F., McKay, C.P., 1995. Photochemical Modeling of Titan's Atmosphere. Icarus 113 (1), 2-26.
33. Tomasko, M.G., Smith, P.H., 1982. Photometry and Polarimetry of Titan: Pioneer 11 Observations and their Implications for Aerosol Properties. Icarus 51, 65.
34. Vitello, P., Bardsley, J.N., Dipeso, G., Parker, G.J., 1996. Modeling an Inductively Coupled Plasma Reactor with Chlorine Chemistry. IEEE Transaction on plasma Science 24 (1), 123-124.
35. West, R.A., Lane, A.L., Hart, H., Simmons, K.E., Hord, C.W., Coffen, D.L., Esposito, L.W., Sato, M., Pomphrey, R.B., 1983. Voyager 2 Photopolarimeter Observations of Titan. JGR 88 (A11), 8699-8708.