Regional security after the gulf war

Political Science Quarterly

Volumn 111, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 597-617

  Barnett, Michael N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0009045585     PISSN: 00323195     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2152086     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Martin Hollis The Cunning of Reason (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 137-41.
2. Peter Katzenstein, ed., The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996).
3. Dennis Wrong, The Problem of Order (New York: Free Press, 1994), chap. 1.
4. On the Palestine revolt, see Israel Gershoni and James Jankowski, Egypt, Islam, and the Arabs: The Search for Egyptian Nationhood, 1930-45 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986). On the League of Arab States, see Israel Gershoni and James Jankowski, Redefining the Egyptian Nation, 1930-45 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995). On the 1948 war, see Ghada Talhami, Palestine and Egyptian National Identity (New York: Praeger Press, 1992), 63-66. And on Sadat's policies, see Saad Eddin Ibrahim, "Domestic Developments in Egypt" in William Quandt, ed., The Middle East: Ten Years After Camp David (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1988), 19-63.
5. On the Palestine revolt, see Israel Gershoni and James Jankowski, Egypt, Islam, and the Arabs: The Search for Egyptian Nationhood, 1930-45 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986). On the League of Arab States, see Israel Gershoni and James Jankowski, Redefining the Egyptian Nation, 1930-45 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995). On the 1948 war, see Ghada Talhami, Palestine and Egyptian National Identity (New York: Praeger Press, 1992), 63-66. And on Sadat's policies, see Saad Eddin Ibrahim, "Domestic Developments in Egypt" in William Quandt, ed., The Middle East: Ten Years After Camp David (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1988), 19-63.
6. On the Palestine revolt, see Israel Gershoni and James Jankowski, Egypt, Islam, and the Arabs: The Search for Egyptian Nationhood, 1930-45 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986). On the League of Arab States, see Israel Gershoni and James Jankowski, Redefining the Egyptian Nation, 1930-45 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995). On the 1948 war, see Ghada Talhami, Palestine and Egyptian National Identity (New York: Praeger Press, 1992), 63-66. And on Sadat's policies, see Saad Eddin Ibrahim, "Domestic Developments in Egypt" in William Quandt, ed., The Middle East: Ten Years After Camp David (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1988), 19-63.
7. On the Palestine revolt, see Israel Gershoni and James Jankowski, Egypt, Islam, and the Arabs: The Search for Egyptian Nationhood, 1930-45 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986). On the League of Arab States, see Israel Gershoni and James Jankowski, Redefining the Egyptian Nation, 1930-45 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995). On the 1948 war, see Ghada Talhami, Palestine and Egyptian National Identity (New York: Praeger Press, 1992), 63-66. And on Sadat's policies, see Saad Eddin Ibrahim, "Domestic Developments in Egypt" in William Quandt, ed., The Middle East: Ten Years After Camp David (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1988), 19-63.
8. King Hussein, Uneasy Lies the Head (London: Heineman, 1962), 74-80.
9. Malcolm Kerr, The Arab Cold War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1971).
10. Gabriel Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East (New York: Praeger Press, 1983); and Paul Noble, "The Arab State System: Opportunities, Constraints, and Pressures" in B. Korany and A. Dessouki, eds., The Foreign Policies of the Arab States (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1984), 48-50.
11. Gabriel Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East (New York: Praeger Press, 1983); and Paul Noble, "The Arab State System: Opportunities, Constraints, and Pressures" in B. Korany and A. Dessouki, eds., The Foreign Policies of the Arab States (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1984), 48-50.
12. Michael Barnett, "Institutions, Roles, and Disorder: The Case of the Arab States System," International Studies Quarterly 37 (September 1993): 271-296.
13. George Herbert Mead, Mind, Self, and Society (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1934), 309.
14. See, for instance, Ghassan Salame, "Inter-Arab Politics: The Return to Geography" in Quandt, ed., The Middle East; and Fouad Ajami, "The End of Pan-Arabism," Foreign Affairs 57 (Winter 1978/ 79): 355-73.
15. See, for instance, Ghassan Salame, "Inter-Arab Politics: The Return to Geography" in Quandt, ed., The Middle East; and Fouad Ajami, "The End of Pan-Arabism," Foreign Affairs 57 (Winter 1978/ 79): 355-73.
16. Michael Barnett, "Nationalism, Sovereignty, and Regional Order in the Arab States System," International Organization 49 (Summer 1995): 479-510.
17. Albert Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991), 451.
18. Giaccomo Luciani and Ghassan Salame, "The Politics of Arab Integration" in G. Luciani, ed., The Arab State (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), 398.
19. See Barnett, "Nationalism, Sovereignty, and Regional Order in the Arab States System," for indicators of this claim.
20. For the text of the Damascus Declaration, see Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS)-Near East Service (NES)-91-152, 7 August 1991, 1-2.
21. FBIS-NES-92-241, 15 December 1992, 10-11.
22. FBIS-NES-92-232, 2 December 1992, 1-2.
23. On the decline of core Arab concerns, see Paul Noble, Rex Brynen, and Baghat Korany, "Conclusion: The Changing Regional Security Environment" in B. Korany, P. Noble, and R. Brynen, eds., The Many Faces of National Security in the Arab World (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993), 281.
24. See, for instance, Ibrahim Karawan, "Arab Dilemmas in the 1990s: Breaking Taboos and Searching for Signposts," Middle East Journal 48 (Summer 1994): 433-54; Muhammad Faour, The Arab World After Desert Storm (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1993).
25. See, for instance, Ibrahim Karawan, "Arab Dilemmas in the 1990s: Breaking Taboos and Searching for Signposts," Middle East Journal 48 (Summer 1994): 433-54; Muhammad Faour, The Arab World After Desert Storm (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1993).
26. Dooa el-Bey, "Mapping the Future," Al-Ahram Weekly, 10-16 November 1994, 1.
27. Mohammed Sid-Ahmed, "The Arab League and the Arab State," Al-Ahram Weekly, 6-12 April 1995, 8.
28. Comments by Syrian Information Minister Muhammad Salmon as reported in Al-Muharrir, 6 November 1995, 6; cited in "Minister Expects Disturbances in the Region," FBIS-NES-95-215, 7 November 1995, 50.
29. Comments by Syrian Information Minister Muhammad Salmon as reported in Al-Muharrir, 6 November 1995, 6; cited in "Minister Expects Disturbances in the Region," FBIS-NES-95-215, 7 November 1995, 50.
30. Shimon Peres, The New Middle East (New York: Henry Holt, 1994).
31. Amos Elon, "Crumbling Cairo," The New York Review of Books, 6 April 1995, 42, 6, 32-36; and Sid-Ahmed, "The Arab League and the Arab State."
32. Amos Elon, "Crumbling Cairo," The New York Review of Books, 6 April 1995, 42, 6, 32-36; and Sid-Ahmed, "The Arab League and the Arab State."
33. See the comments by Ghayth Aramanzi, head of the Arab League's London office, at the conference on the New Middle East at the London University's School of Oriental and African Studies on 19-20 December 1994. Reported in FBIS-NES, 7 February 1995, 7.
34. Mohammed Sid-Ahmed, "When Israelis Speak Arabic," Al-Ahram Weekly, 30 March-5 April 1995, 8.
35. Interview with author, Tel-Aviv, Israel, 26 August 1995.
36. Interview with author, 5 September 1995, Amman, Jordan.
37. Kenneth Waltz, The Theory of International Politics (Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 1979); James Morrow, "Arms versus Allies: Trade-offs in the Search for Security," International Organization 47 (Spring 1993): 205-234.
38. Kenneth Waltz, The Theory of International Politics (Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 1979); James Morrow, "Arms versus Allies: Trade-offs in the Search for Security," International Organization 47 (Spring 1993): 205-234.
39. Henry Kissinger, A World Restored (New York: Grosset and Dunlop, 1964), 2; also see Robert Jervis, "Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma," World Politics 30 (January 1978): 167-214.
40. Henry Kissinger, A World Restored (New York: Grosset and Dunlop, 1964), 2; also see Robert Jervis, "Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma," World Politics 30 (January 1978): 167-214.
41. John Mearshiemer, "Back to the Future: Instability in Europe After the Cold War," International Security 15 (Winter 1990): 5-56.
42. Janice Stein, "The Security Dilemma in the Middle East: The Prognosis for the Decade Ahead" in B. Korany, P. Noble, and R. Brynen, eds., The Many Faces of National Security in the Arab World (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993), 59.
43. Janne Nolan, Global Engagement (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1994).
44. Anwar-Ul-Haq Ahady, "Security in the Persian Gulf after Desert Storm," International Journal 49 (Spring 1994): 219-40.
45. Baghat Korany, "National Security in the Arab World: The Persistence of Dualism" in D. Tschirgi, ed., The Arab World Today (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1993), 166.
46. See F. Gregory Gause III, The Gulf Monarchies (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1993), chap. 5, for a good discussion of the Gulf states' post-Gulf War security policies.
47. "Border Disputes Discussed Bilaterally," FBIS-NES, 21 December 1994, 42. But border issues retain a place on the agenda of recent GCC summit meetings.
48. Stein, "The Security Dilemma in the Middle East," 61.
49. Efraim Inbar, "Contours of Israel's New Strategic Thinking," Political Science Quarterly 111 (Spring 1996): 41-64; and Efraim Inbar and Shmuel Sandier, "The Changing Israeli Strategic Equation: Toward a Security Regime," Review of International Studies 21 (January 1995): 41-60.
50. Efraim Inbar, "Contours of Israel's New Strategic Thinking," Political Science Quarterly 111 (Spring 1996): 41-64; and Efraim Inbar and Shmuel Sandier, "The Changing Israeli Strategic Equation: Toward a Security Regime," Review of International Studies 21 (January 1995): 41-60.
51. Yahya Sadowski, Scuds or Butter? (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1992).
52. Stephen Spiegel and David Pervin, Practical Peacemaking in the Middle East, Vol. I: The Environment, Water, Refugees, and Economic Cooperation and Development (New York: Garland Publishing, 1995); and Spiegel and Pervin, Practical Peacemaking in the Middle East, Vol. II: Arms Control and Regional Security (New York: Garland Publishing, 1995). For a discussion of confidence building in the Middle East, see Gabriel Ben-Dor and David Dewitt, eds., Confidence Building Measures in the Middle East (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994).
53. Stephen Spiegel and David Pervin, Practical Peacemaking in the Middle East, Vol. I: The Environment, Water, Refugees, and Economic Cooperation and Development (New York: Garland Publishing, 1995); and Spiegel and Pervin, Practical Peacemaking in the Middle East, Vol. II: Arms Control and Regional Security (New York: Garland Publishing, 1995). For a discussion of confidence building in the Middle East, see Gabriel Ben-Dor and David Dewitt, eds., Confidence Building Measures in the Middle East (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994).
54. Stephen Spiegel and David Pervin, Practical Peacemaking in the Middle East, Vol. I: The Environment, Water, Refugees, and Economic Cooperation and Development (New York: Garland Publishing, 1995); and Spiegel and Pervin, Practical Peacemaking in the Middle East, Vol. II: Arms Control and Regional Security (New York: Garland Publishing, 1995). For a discussion of confidence building in the Middle East, see Gabriel Ben-Dor and David Dewitt, eds., Confidence Building Measures in the Middle East (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994).
55. Stanley Fischer, Dani Rodrik, and Elias Tuma, eds., The Economics of Middle East Peace (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993); and Stanley Fischer, Leonard Hausman, Anna Karasik, and Thomas Schelling, Securing Peace in the Middle East (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994).
56. Stanley Fischer, Dani Rodrik, and Elias Tuma, eds., The Economics of Middle East Peace (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993); and Stanley Fischer, Leonard Hausman, Anna Karasik, and Thomas Schelling, Securing Peace in the Middle East (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994).
57. Serge Schmemann, "Mideast Leaders Confer, But This Time the Talk Is of Making Money as Well as Peace," New York Times, 30 October 1995. For various regional proposals, see "Impact of Israel on Middle East Common Market," FBIS-NES, 3 May 1994, 37; and "Arab League Studies Middle East Market," FBIS-NES, 22 March 1994, 3.
58. Serge Schmemann, "Mideast Leaders Confer, But This Time the Talk Is of Making Money as Well as Peace," New York Times, 30 October 1995. For various regional proposals, see "Impact of Israel on Middle East Common Market," FBIS-NES, 3 May 1994, 37; and "Arab League Studies Middle East Market," FBIS-NES, 22 March 1994, 3.
59. Serge Schmemann, "Mideast Leaders Confer, But This Time the Talk Is of Making Money as Well as Peace," New York Times, 30 October 1995. For various regional proposals, see "Impact of Israel on Middle East Common Market," FBIS-NES, 3 May 1994, 37; and "Arab League Studies Middle East Market," FBIS-NES, 22 March 1994, 3.
60. David Baldwin, ed., Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993).
61. L. Carl Brown, "The Middle East after the Cold War and the Gulf War: Change or More of the Same?" in George Downs, ed., Collective Security After the Cold War (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994), 215.
62. Ibid., 215.
63. Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East; Fouad Ajami, The Arab Predicament (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981).
64. Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East; Fouad Ajami, The Arab Predicament (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981).
65. Mohammed Ayoob, "Unravelling the Concept: 'National Security' in the Third World" in Korany, Noble, and Brynen, eds., The Many Faces of National Security in the Arab World, 31-55; and Korany, "National Security in the Arab World."
66. Mohammed Ayoob, "Unravelling the Concept: 'National Security' in the Third World" in Korany, Noble, and Brynen, eds., The Many Faces of National Security in the Arab World, 31-55; and Korany, "National Security in the Arab World."
67. Cassandra, "The Impending Crisis in Egypt," Middle East Journal 49 (Winter 1995): 9-28.
68. Jack Levy, "The Diversionary Theory of War: A Critique" in Manus Midlarsky, ed., Handbook of War Studies (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989), 259-88.
69. Milton Viorst, "Report from Baghdad," New Yorker, 24 June 1991, 55-73; and Amatzia Baram, "The Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait: Decision-Making in Baghdad" in A. Baram and B. Rubin, eds., Iraq's Road to War (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993), 6-9.
70. Milton Viorst, "Report from Baghdad," New Yorker, 24 June 1991, 55-73; and Amatzia Baram, "The Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait: Decision-Making in Baghdad" in A. Baram and B. Rubin, eds., Iraq's Road to War (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993), 6-9.
71. Robert Chase, Emily Hill, and Paul Kennedy, "Pivotal States and U.S. Strategy," Foreign Affairs 75 (January/February 1996): 33-51.
72. Michael Doyle, "Liberalism and World Politics," American Political Science Review 80 (December 1986): 1151-69; and Bruce Russett, Grasping the Democratic Peace (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993).
73. Michael Doyle, "Liberalism and World Politics," American Political Science Review 80 (December 1986): 1151-69; and Bruce Russett, Grasping the Democratic Peace (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993).
74. David Garnham and Mark Tessler, Democracy, War, and Peace in the Middle East (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995).
75. Barnett, "Nationalism, Sovereignty, and Regional Order."
76. Various interviews in Amman, Jordan, 30 August-10 September 1995. "Opposition Figures, Parties Cited on Treaty," Shihan, 22-28 October 1994. Cited in FBIS-NES, 27 October 1994, 30. "Opponents of Peace Accord Escalate Verbal Attacks," Jordan Times, 26 October 1994. Cited in FBIS-NES, 27 October 1994, 32.
77. Various interviews in Amman, Jordan, 30 August-10 September 1995. "Opposition Figures, Parties Cited on Treaty," Shihan, 22-28 October 1994. Cited in FBIS-NES, 27 October 1994, 30. "Opponents of Peace Accord Escalate Verbal Attacks," Jordan Times, 26 October 1994. Cited in FBIS-NES, 27 October 1994, 32.
78. Various interviews in Amman, Jordan, 30 August-10 September 1995. "Opposition Figures, Parties Cited on Treaty," Shihan, 22-28 October 1994. Cited in FBIS-NES, 27 October 1994, 30. "Opponents of Peace Accord Escalate Verbal Attacks," Jordan Times, 26 October 1994. Cited in FBIS-NES, 27 October 1994, 32.
79. Various interviews in Amman, Jordan, 30 August-10 September 1995. "Opposition Figures, Parties Cited on Treaty," Shihan, 22-28 October 1994. Cited in FBIS-NES, 27 October 1994, 30. "Opponents of Peace Accord Escalate Verbal Attacks," Jordan Times, 26 October 1994. Cited in FBIS-NES, 27 October 1994, 32.
80. Bassam Tibi, "Religious Fundamentalism and Ethnicity in the Crisis of the Nation-State in the Middle East," Working Paper 5.4 (University of California, Berkeley: Center for German and European Studies, 1992).
81. "Conclusion" in Adeed Daweesha, ed., Islam in Foreign Policy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983). Also see James Piscatori, Islam in a World of Nation-States (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986).
82. "Conclusion" in Adeed Daweesha, ed., Islam in Foreign Policy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983). Also see James Piscatori, Islam in a World of Nation-States (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986).
83. Dale Eikelman and James Piscatori, Muslim Politics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996).
84. Brown, "The Middle East after the Cold War and the Gulf War," 213.
85. See, for instance, "Israel, Jordan to Cooperate Against Terror," Yed'iot Aharonot, 25 October 1994. Cited in FBIS-NES, 26 October 1994, 5. "Algeria Reportedly Offers to Cooperate Against Extremists," Yed'iot Aharonot; 31 January 1995. Cited in FBIS-NES, 1 February 1995, 1. "Arab Interior Ministers Meeting Reported," FBIS-NES, 6 January 1995, 2-3.
86. See, for instance, "Israel, Jordan to Cooperate Against Terror," Yed'iot Aharonot, 25 October 1994. Cited in FBIS-NES, 26 October 1994, 5. "Algeria Reportedly Offers to Cooperate Against Extremists," Yed'iot Aharonot; 31 January 1995. Cited in FBIS-NES, 1 February 1995, 1. "Arab Interior Ministers Meeting Reported," FBIS-NES, 6 January 1995, 2-3.
87. See, for instance, "Israel, Jordan to Cooperate Against Terror," Yed'iot Aharonot, 25 October 1994. Cited in FBIS-NES, 26 October 1994, 5. "Algeria Reportedly Offers to Cooperate Against Extremists," Yed'iot Aharonot; 31 January 1995. Cited in FBIS-NES, 1 February 1995, 1. "Arab Interior Ministers Meeting Reported," FBIS-NES, 6 January 1995, 2-3.
88. See, for instance, "Israel, Jordan to Cooperate Against Terror," Yed'iot Aharonot, 25 October 1994. Cited in FBIS-NES, 26 October 1994, 5. "Algeria Reportedly Offers to Cooperate Against Extremists," Yed'iot Aharonot; 31 January 1995. Cited in FBIS-NES, 1 February 1995, 1. "Arab Interior Ministers Meeting Reported," FBIS-NES, 6 January 1995, 2-3.
89. See, for instance, "Israel, Jordan to Cooperate Against Terror," Yed'iot Aharonot, 25 October 1994. Cited in FBIS-NES, 26 October 1994, 5. "Algeria Reportedly Offers to Cooperate Against Extremists," Yed'iot Aharonot; 31 January 1995. Cited in FBIS-NES, 1 February 1995, 1. "Arab Interior Ministers Meeting Reported," FBIS-NES, 6 January 1995, 2-3.