메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 367-372

Recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis

Author keywords

Axonal damage; Copolymer 1; Corticosteroid therapy; Immunoglobulin therapy; Interferon beta; Magnetic resonance imaging; Methotrexate; Multiple sclerosis

Indexed keywords


EID: 0008629333     PISSN: 09675868     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0967-5868(99)90026-7     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (6)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0029034068 scopus 로고
    • Immunological aspects of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis
    • Martin R, McFarland HF. Immunological aspects of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1995; 32: 121-182.
    • (1995) Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci , vol.32 , pp. 121-182
    • Martin, R.1    McFarland, H.F.2
  • 2
    • 0002150344 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis
    • Pender MP, McCombe PA (Eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Pender MP. Multiple sclerosis. In: Pender MP, McCombe PA (Eds). Autoimmune Neurological Disease. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995; 89-154.
    • (1995) Autoimmune Neurological Disease , pp. 89-154
    • Pender, M.P.1
  • 3
    • 0020686503 scopus 로고
    • New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: Guidelines for research protocols
    • Poser CM, Paty DW, Scheinberg L et al. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols. Ann Neurol 1983; 13: 227-231.
    • (1983) Ann Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 227-231
    • Poser, C.M.1    Paty, D.W.2    Scheinberg, L.3
  • 4
    • 0031882301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prognostic value of brain MRI in clinically isolated syndromes of the CNS: A 10-year follow-up
    • O'Riordan JI, Thompson AJ, Kingsley DPE et al. The prognostic value of brain MRI in clinically isolated syndromes of the CNS: a 10-year follow-up. Brain 1998; 121: 495-503.
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , pp. 495-503
    • O'Riordan, J.I.1    Thompson, A.J.2    Kingsley, D.P.E.3
  • 5
    • 0030832846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of MRI criteria at first presentation to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis
    • Barkhof F, Filippi M, Miller DH et al. Comparison of MRI criteria at first presentation to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Brain 1997; 120: 2059-2069.
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 2059-2069
    • Barkhof, F.1    Filippi, M.2    Miller, D.H.3
  • 6
    • 0029913882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: Results of an international survey
    • Lublin FD, Reingold SC. Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: results of an international survey. Neurology 1996; 46: 907-911.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 907-911
    • Lublin, F.D.1    Reingold, S.C.2
  • 7
    • 0030911461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Thompson AJ, Polman CH, Miller DH et al. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 1997; 120: 1085-1096.
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 1085-1096
    • Thompson, A.J.1    Polman, C.H.2    Miller, D.H.3
  • 8
    • 0031470970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of the Poser criteria in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • McDonnell GV, Hawkins SA. Application of the Poser criteria in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1997; 42: 982-983.
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 982-983
    • McDonnell, G.V.1    Hawkins, S.A.2
  • 9
    • 0029932998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal MRI in patients with suspected multiple sclerosis and negative brain MRI
    • Thorpe JW, Kidd D, Moseley IF et al. Spinal MRI in patients with suspected multiple sclerosis and negative brain MRI. Brain 1996; 119: 709-714.
    • (1996) Brain , vol.119 , pp. 709-714
    • Thorpe, J.W.1    Kidd, D.2    Moseley, I.F.3
  • 10
    • 0000361150 scopus 로고
    • Histologie de la sclerose en plaques
    • Charcot M. Histologie de la sclerose en plaques. Gaz Hosp 1868; 141: 554-555, 557-558.
    • (1868) Gaz Hosp , vol.141 , pp. 554-555
    • Charcot, M.1
  • 12
    • 0031002545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions
    • Ferguson B, Matyszak MK, Esiri MM, Perry VH. Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 1997; 120: 393-399.
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 393-399
    • Ferguson, B.1    Matyszak, M.K.2    Esiri, M.M.3    Perry, V.H.4
  • 13
    • 8944248824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord atrophy and disability in multiple sclerosis: A new reproducible and sensitive MRI method with potential to monitor disease progression
    • Losseff NA, Webb SL, O'Riordan JI et al. Spinal cord atrophy and disability in multiple sclerosis: a new reproducible and sensitive MRI method with potential to monitor disease progression. Brain 1996; 119: 701-708.
    • (1996) Brain , vol.119 , pp. 701-708
    • Losseff, N.A.1    Webb, S.L.2    O'Riordan, J.I.3
  • 14
    • 0029565567 scopus 로고
    • Persistent functional deficit in multiple sclerosis and autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia is associated with axon loss
    • Davie CA, Barker GJ, Webb S et al. Persistent functional deficit in multiple sclerosis and autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia is associated with axon loss. Brain 1995; 118: 1583-1592.
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , pp. 1583-1592
    • Davie, C.A.1    Barker, G.J.2    Webb, S.3
  • 15
    • 0030453516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive cerebral atrophy in multiple sclerosis: A serial MRI study
    • Losseff NA, Wang L, Lai HM et al. Progressive cerebral atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a serial MRI study. Brain 1996; 119: 2009-2019.
    • (1996) Brain , vol.119 , pp. 2009-2019
    • Losseff, N.A.1    Wang, L.2    Lai, H.M.3
  • 17
    • 0031844371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histopathologic correlate of hypointense lesions on T1-weighted spin-echo MRI in multiple sclerosis
    • Van Walderveen MAA, Kamphorst W, Scheltens P et al. Histopathologic correlate of hypointense lesions on T1-weighted spin-echo MRI in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1998; 50: 1282-1288.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1282-1288
    • Van Walderveen, M.A.A.1    Kamphorst, W.2    Scheltens, P.3
  • 18
    • 0032495663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetically determined failure of activation-induced apoptosis of autoreactive T cells as a cause of multiple sclerosis
    • Pender MP. Genetically determined failure of activation-induced apoptosis of autoreactive T cells as a cause of multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1998; 351: 978-981.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 978-981
    • Pender, M.P.1
  • 19
    • 0031037935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An electrophysiological study of the mechanism of fatigue in multiple sclerosis
    • Sheean GL, Murray NMF, Rothwell JC, Miller DH, Thompson AJ. An electrophysiological study of the mechanism of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Brain 1997; 120: 299-315.
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 299-315
    • Sheean, G.L.1    Murray, N.M.F.2    Rothwell, J.C.3    Miller, D.H.4    Thompson, A.J.5
  • 20
    • 0030873086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography study
    • 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography study. Neurology 1997; 48: 1566-1571.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , pp. 1566-1571
    • Roelcke, U.1    Kappos, L.2    Lechner-Scott, J.3
  • 21
    • 0024554461 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment in patients with clinically isolated lesions of the type seen in multiple sclerosis: A psychometric and MRI study
    • Callanan MM, Logsdail SJ, Ron MA, Warrington EK. Cognitive impairment in patients with clinically isolated lesions of the type seen in multiple sclerosis: a psychometric and MRI study. Brain 1989; 112: 361-374.
    • (1989) Brain , vol.112 , pp. 361-374
    • Callanan, M.M.1    Logsdail, S.J.2    Ron, M.A.3    Warrington, E.K.4
  • 22
    • 0023194967 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind controlled trial of high dose methylprednisolone in patients with multiple sclerosis: 1. clinical effects
    • Milligan NM, Newcombe R, Compston DAS. A double-blind controlled trial of high dose methylprednisolone in patients with multiple sclerosis: 1. clinical effects. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987; 50: 511-516.
    • (1987) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 511-516
    • Milligan, N.M.1    Newcombe, R.2    Compston, D.A.S.3
  • 23
    • 0022633684 scopus 로고
    • High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: Clinical-immunologic correlations
    • Durelli L, Cocito D, Riccio A et al. High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: clinical-immunologic correlations. Neurology 1986; 36: 238-243.
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , pp. 238-243
    • Durelli, L.1    Cocito, D.2    Riccio, A.3
  • 24
    • 0026586019 scopus 로고
    • A randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute optic neuritis
    • Beck RW, Cleary PA, Anderson MM et al. A randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute optic neuritis. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 581-588.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 581-588
    • Beck, R.W.1    Cleary, P.A.2    Anderson, M.M.3
  • 25
    • 0031748060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial comparing two different high doses of methylprednisolone in MS: A clinical and MRI study
    • Oliveri RL, Valentino P, Russo C et al. Randomized trial comparing two different high doses of methylprednisolone in MS: a clinical and MRI study. Neurology 1998; 50: 1833-1836.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1833-1836
    • Oliveri, R.L.1    Valentino, P.2    Russo, C.3
  • 26
    • 0030995211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of oral and intravenous methylprednisolone in acute relapses of multiple sclerosis
    • Barnes D, Hughes RAC, Morris RW et al. Randomised trial of oral and intravenous methylprednisolone in acute relapses of multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1997; 349: 902-906.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 902-906
    • Barnes, D.1    Hughes, R.A.C.2    Morris, R.W.3
  • 27
    • 0344352481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of oral, high-dose methylprednisolone in attacks of MS
    • Sellebjerg F, Frederiksen JL, Nielsen PM, Olesen J. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of oral, high-dose methylprednisolone in attacks of MS. Neurology 1998; 51: 529-534.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , pp. 529-534
    • Sellebjerg, F.1    Frederiksen, J.L.2    Nielsen, P.M.3    Olesen, J.4
  • 28
    • 0027366991 scopus 로고
    • Methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis: A comparison of oral with intravenous therapy at equivalent high dose
    • Alam SM, Kyriakides T, Lawden M, Newman PK. Methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis: a comparison of oral with intravenous therapy at equivalent high dose. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993; 56: 1219-1220.
    • (1993) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.56 , pp. 1219-1220
    • Alam, S.M.1    Kyriakides, T.2    Lawden, M.3    Newman, P.K.4
  • 29
    • 0030890416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral or intravenous methylprednisolone for acute relapses of MS?
    • Barkhof F, Polman C. Oral or intravenous methylprednisolone for acute relapses of MS? Lancet 1997; 349: 893-894.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 893-894
    • Barkhof, F.1    Polman, C.2
  • 30
    • 0027418515 scopus 로고
    • Interferon beta-lb is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. I. Clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Interferon beta-lb is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. I. Clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 1993; 43: 655-661.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 655-661
  • 31
    • 0027521002 scopus 로고
    • Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. II. MRI analysis results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Paty DW, Li DKB, the UBC MS/MRI Study Group, the IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. II. MRI analysis results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 1993; 43: 662-667.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 662-667
    • Paty, D.W.1    Li, D.K.B.2
  • 32
    • 0029161628 scopus 로고
    • Interferon beta-1b in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: Final outcome of the randomized controlled trial
    • The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group, the University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group. Interferon beta-1b in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: final outcome of the randomized controlled trial. Neurology 1995; 45: 1277-1285.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1277-1285
  • 33
    • 0028988737 scopus 로고
    • The effect of interferon-β on blood-brain barrier disruptions demonstrated by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Stone LA, Frank JA, Albert PS et al. The effect of interferon-β on blood-brain barrier disruptions demonstrated by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1995; 37: 611-619.
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 611-619
    • Stone, L.A.1    Frank, J.A.2    Albert, P.S.3
  • 34
    • 0027503708 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging findings and lesion development in chronic, active multiple sclerosis
    • Katz D, Taubenberger JK, Cannella B, McFarlin DE, Raine CS, McFarland HF. Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging findings and lesion development in chronic, active multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1993; 34: 661-669.
    • (1993) Ann Neurol , vol.34 , pp. 661-669
    • Katz, D.1    Taubenberger, J.K.2    Cannella, B.3    McFarlin, D.E.4    Raine, C.S.5    McFarland, H.F.6
  • 35
    • 0024990661 scopus 로고
    • Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier precedes symptoms and other MRI signs of new lesions in multiple sclerosis: Pathogenetic and clinical implications
    • Kermode AG, Thompson AJ, Tofts P et al. Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier precedes symptoms and other MRI signs of new lesions in multiple sclerosis: pathogenetic and clinical implications. Brain 1990; 113: 1477-1489.
    • (1990) Brain , vol.113 , pp. 1477-1489
    • Kermode, A.G.1    Thompson, A.J.2    Tofts, P.3
  • 36
    • 0029948580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of patients receiving Interferon beta-1b for multiple sclerosis: Report of a consensus conference
    • Lublin FD, Whitaker JN, Eidelman BH, Miller AE, Arnason BGW, Burks JS. Management of patients receiving Interferon beta-1b for multiple sclerosis: report of a consensus conference. Neurology 1996; 46: 12-18.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 12-18
    • Lublin, F.D.1    Whitaker, J.N.2    Eidelman, B.H.3    Miller, A.E.4    Arnason, B.G.W.5    Burks, J.S.6
  • 37
    • 0005489101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutralizing antibodies during treatment of multiple sclerosis with interferon beta-lb: Experience during the first three years
    • The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group, the University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group. Neutralizing antibodies during treatment of multiple sclerosis with interferon beta-lb: experience during the first three years. Neurology 1996; 47: 889-894.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.47 , pp. 889-894
  • 38
    • 0030853665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticytokine antibodies in beta interferon-treated MS patients and the need for testing: Plight of the practicing neurologist
    • Pachner AR. Anticytokine antibodies in beta interferon-treated MS patients and the need for testing: plight of the practicing neurologist. Neurology 1997; 49: 647-650.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 647-650
    • Pachner, A.R.1
  • 39
    • 0008678962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Jacobs LD, Cookfaïr DL, Rudick RA et al. Intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1996; 39: 285-294.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 285-294
    • Jacobs, L.D.1    Cookfaïr, D.L.2    Rudick, R.A.3
  • 40
    • 0031841745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and significance of neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta-la in multiple sclerosis
    • Rudick RA, Simonian NA, Alam JA et al. Incidence and significance of neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta-la in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1998: 50: 1266-1272.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1266-1272
    • Rudick, R.A.1    Simonian, N.A.2    Alam, J.A.3
  • 41
    • 0031842603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibodies to beta-interferons in multiple sclerosis: Can we neutralize the controversy?
    • Cross AH, Antel JP. Antibodies to beta-interferons in multiple sclerosis: can we neutralize the controversy? Neurology 1998; 50: 1206-1208.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1206-1208
    • Cross, A.H.1    Antel, J.P.2
  • 42
    • 0345601517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of interferon β-1a in relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis
    • PRISMS (Prevention of Relapses and Disability by Interferon β-1a Subcutaneously in Multiple Sclerosis) Study Group. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of interferon β-1a in relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1998; 352: 1498-1504.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1498-1504
  • 43
    • 0031939494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant human interferon beta-1a after intramuscular and subcutaneous administration
    • Munafo A, Trinchard-Lugan I, Nguyen TXQ, Buraglio M. Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant human interferon beta-1a after intramuscular and subcutaneous administration. Eur J Neurol 1998; 5: 187-193.
    • (1998) Eur J Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 187-193
    • Munafo, A.1    Trinchard-Lugan, I.2    Nguyen, T.X.Q.3    Buraglio, M.4
  • 44
    • 0032494792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled multicentre randomised trial of interferon β-1b in treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • European Study Group on Interferon β-1b in Secondary Progressive MS. Placebo-controlled multicentre randomised trial of interferon β-1b in treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1998; 352: 1491-1497.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1491-1497
  • 45
    • 0030610524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increases in soluble VCAM-1 correlate with a decrease in MRI lesions in multiple sclerosis treated with interferon β-1b
    • Calabresi PA, Tranquill LR, Dambrosia JM et al. Increases in soluble VCAM-1 correlate with a decrease in MRI lesions in multiple sclerosis treated with interferon β-1b. Ann Neurol 1997; 41: 669-674.
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 669-674
    • Calabresi, P.A.1    Tranquill, L.R.2    Dambrosia, J.M.3
  • 46
    • 0030726157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VLA-4 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes is downregulated after treatment of multiple sclerosis with interferon beta
    • Calabresi PA, Pelfrey CM, Tranquill LR, Maloni H, McFarland HF. VLA-4 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes is downregulated after treatment of multiple sclerosis with interferon beta. Neurology 1997; 49: 1111-1116.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 1111-1116
    • Calabresi, P.A.1    Pelfrey, C.M.2    Tranquill, L.R.3    Maloni, H.4    McFarland, H.F.5
  • 47
    • 0031816173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo effects of interferon beta-1a on immunosuppressive cytokines in multiple sclerosis
    • Rudick RA, Ransohoff RM, Lee J-C et al. In vivo effects of interferon beta-1a on immunosuppressive cytokines in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1998; 50: 1294-1300.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1294-1300
    • Rudick, R.A.1    Ransohoff, R.M.2    Lee, J.-C.3
  • 48
    • 0023248694 scopus 로고
    • A pilot trial of Cop 1 in exacerbating-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Bornstein MB, Miller A, Slagle S et al. A pilot trial of Cop 1 in exacerbating-remitting multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 408-414.
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.317 , pp. 408-414
    • Bornstein, M.B.1    Miller, A.2    Slagle, S.3
  • 49
    • 0029082566 scopus 로고
    • Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Johnson KP, Brooks BR, Cohen JA et al. Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 1995; 45: 1268-1276.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1268-1276
    • Johnson, K.P.1    Brooks, B.R.2    Cohen, J.A.3
  • 50
    • 0031057970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised placebo-controlled trial of monthly intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Fazekas F, Deisenhammer F, Strasser-Fuchs S, Nahler G, Mamoli B. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of monthly intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1997; 349: 589-593.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 589-593
    • Fazekas, F.1    Deisenhammer, F.2    Strasser-Fuchs, S.3    Nahler, G.4    Mamoli, B.5
  • 51
    • 0031911494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in multiple sclerosis: Effect on relapses
    • Achiron A, Gabbay U, Gilad R et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in multiple sclerosis: effect on relapses. Neurology 1998; 50: 398-402.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 398-402
    • Achiron, A.1    Gabbay, U.2    Gilad, R.3
  • 52
    • 0031844370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin G reduces MRI activity in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Sorensen PS, Wanscher B, Jensen CV et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin G reduces MRI activity in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1998; 50: 1273-1281.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1273-1281
    • Sorensen, P.S.1    Wanscher, B.2    Jensen, C.V.3
  • 53
    • 0025986898 scopus 로고
    • Overview of azamioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis
    • Yudkin PL, Ellison GW, Ghezzi A et al. Overview of azamioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1991; 338: 1051-1055.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.338 , pp. 1051-1055
    • Yudkin, P.L.1    Ellison, G.W.2    Ghezzi, A.3
  • 54
    • 0025345601 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and toxicity of cyclosporine in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial
    • The Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Efficacy and toxicity of cyclosporine in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Neurol 1990; 27: 591-605.
    • (1990) Ann Neurol , vol.27 , pp. 591-605
  • 55
    • 0025959543 scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporine and multiple sclerosis
    • Pender MP. Cyclosporine and multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1991; 29: 226.
    • (1991) Ann Neurol , vol.29 , pp. 226
    • Pender, M.P.1
  • 56
    • 0028906384 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose (7.5 mg) oral methotrexate reduces the rate of progression in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Goodkin DE, Rudick RA, VanderBrug Medendorp S et al. Low-dose (7.5 mg) oral methotrexate reduces the rate of progression in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1995; 37: 30-40.
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 30-40
    • Goodkin, D.E.1    Rudick, R.A.2    VanderBrug Medendorp, S.3
  • 57
    • 0029854588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose oral methotrexate in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: Analyses of serial MRIs
    • Goodkin DE, Rudick RA, VanderBrug Medendorp S, Daughtry MM, Van Dyke C. Low-dose oral methotrexate in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: analyses of serial MRIs. Neurology 1996; 47: 1153-1157.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.47 , pp. 1153-1157
    • Goodkin, D.E.1    Rudick, R.A.2    VanderBrug Medendorp, S.3    Daughtry, M.M.4    Van Dyke, C.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.