Quantum computing

Reports on Progress in Physics

Volumn 61, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 117-173

  Steane, Andrew ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0004665928     PISSN: 00344885     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/61/2/002     Document Type: Article

References (196)

1. Abrams D S and Lloyd S 1997 Simulation of many-body Fermi systems on a universal quantum computer Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 2586-9
2. Aharonov D and Ben-Or M 1996 Fault-tolerant quantum computation with constant error Preprint quant-ph/9611025
3. Aspect A 1991 Testing Bell's inequalities Europhys. News 22 73-5
4. Aspect A, Dalibard J and Roger G 1982 Experimental test of Bell's inequalities using time-varying analysers Phys. Rev. Lett. 49 1804-7
5. Barenco A 1995 A universal two-bit gate for quantum computation Proc. R. Soc. A 449 679-83
6. _1996 Quantum physics and computers Contemp. Phys. 37 375-89
7. Barenco A, Bennett C H, Cleve R, DiVincenzo D P, Margolus N, Shor P, Sleator T, Smolin J A and Weinfurter H 1995b Elementary gates for quantum computation Phys. Rev. A 52 3457-67
8. Barenco A, Brun T A, Schak R and Spiller T P 1997 Effects of noise on quantum error correction algorithms Phys. Rev. A 56 1177-88
9. Barenco A, Deutsch D, Ekert E and Jozsa R 1995a Conditional quantum dynamics and quantum gates Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 4083-6
10. Barenco A and Ekert A K 1995 Dense coding based on quantum entanglement J. Mod. Opt. 42 1253-9
11. Barenco A, Ekert A, Suominen K A and Torma P 1996 Approximate quantum Fourier transform and decoherence Phys. Rev. A 54 139-46
12. Barnum H, Fuchs C A, Jozsa R and Schumacher B 1996 A general fidelity limit for quantum channels Phys. Rev. A 54 4707-11
13. Beckman D, Chari A, Devabhaktuni S and Preskill J 1996 Efficient networks for quantum factoring Phys. Rev. A 54 1034-63
14. Bell J S 1964 On the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox Physics 1 195-200
15. _1966 On the problem of hidden variables in quantum theory Rev. Mod. Phys. 38 447-52
16. _1987 Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
17. Benioff P 1980 J. Stat. Phys. 22 563
18. _1982a Quantum mechanical Hamiltonian models of Turing machines J. Stat. Phys. 29 515-46
19. _1982b Quantum mechanical models of Turing machines that dissipate no energy Phys. Rev. Lett. 48 1581-5
20. Bennett C H 1973 Logical reversibility of computation IBM J. Res. Dev. 17 525-32
21. _1982 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 21 905
22. _1987 Demons, engines and the second law Scientific American 257 88-96
23. _1995 Quantum information and computation Phys. Today 48 (10) 24-30
24. Bennett C H, Bernstein E, Brassard G and Vazirani U 1997 Strengths and weaknesses of quantum computing Preprint quant-ph/9701001
25. Bennett C H, Bessette F, Brassard G, Savail L and Smolin J 1992 Experimental quantum cryptography J. Cryptol. 53-28
26. Bennett C H and Brassard G 1984 Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computers, Syst. and Signal Process. pp 175-9
27. _1989 SIGACT News 20 78-82
28. Bennett C H, Brassard G, Briedbart S and Wiesner S 1982 Quantum cryptography, or unforgeable subway tokens Advances in Cryptology: Proceedings of Crypto '82 (New York: Plenum) pp 267-75
29. Bennett C H, Brassard G, Crépeau C, Jozsa R, Peres A and Wootters W K 1993 Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 1895-8
30. Bennett C H, Brassard G, Popescu S, Schumacher B, Smolin J A and Wootters W K 1996a Purification of noisy entanglement and faithful teleportation via noisy channels Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 722-5
31. Bennett C H, DiVincenzo D P, Smolin J A and Wootters W K 1996b Mixed state entanglement and quantum error correction Phys. Rev. A 54 3825
32. Bennett C H and Landauer R 1985 The fundamental physical limits of computation Scientific American 253 (1) 38-46
33. Bennett C H and Wiesner S J 1992 Communication via one- and two-particle operations on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen states Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 2881-4
34. Berman G P, Doolen G D, Holm D D, Tsifrinovich V I 1994 Quantum computer on a class of one-dimensional Ising systems Phys. Lett. 193 444-50
35. Bernstein E and Vazirani U 1993 Quantum complexity theory Proc. 25th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (New York: ACM) pp 11-20
36. Berthiaume A and Brassard G 1992a The quantum challenge to structural complexity theory Proc. 7th Annual Structure in Complexity Theory Conf. (Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press) pp 132-7
37. _1992b Oracle quantum computing Proc. Workshop on Physics of Computation: PhysComp '92 (Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press) pp 60-2
38. Berthiaume A, Deutsch D and Jozsa R 1994 The stabilisation of quantum computation Proc. Workshop on Physics and Computation, PhysComp 94 pp 60-2 (Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press)
39. Boghosian B M and Taylor W 1997 Simulating quantum mechanics on a quantum computer Preprint quant-ph/9701019
40. Bohm D 1951 Quantum Theory (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall)
41. Bohm D and Aharonov Y 1957 Phys. Rev. 108 1070
42. Boyer M, Brassard G, Hoyer P and Tapp A 1996 Tight bounds on quantum searching Preprint quant-ph/9605034
43. Brassard G 1997 Searching a quantum phone book Science 275 627-8
44. Brassard G and Crepeau C 1996 SIGACT News 27 13-24
45. Braunstein S L and Mann A 1995 Measurement of the Bell operator and quantum teleportation Phys. Rev. A 51 R1727-30
46. Braunstein S L, Mann A and Revzen M 1992 Maximal violation of Bell inequalities for mixed states Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 3259-61
47. Brillouin L 1956 Science and Information Theory (New York: Academic)
48. Brune M, Nussenzveig P, Schmidt-Kaler F, Bernardot F, Maali A, Raimond J M and Haroche S 1994 From Lamb shift to light shifts: vacuum and subphoton cavity fields measured by atomic phase sensitive detection Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 3339-42
49. Calderbank A R, Rains E M, Shor P W and Sloane N J A 1996 Quantum error correction via codes over G F (4) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theor. to be published
50. _1997 Quantum error correction and orthogonal geometry Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 405-8
51. Calderbank A R and Shor P W 1996 Good quantum error-correcting codes exist Phys. Rev. A 54 1098-105
52. Caves C M 1990 Quantitative limits on the ability of a Maxwell demon to extract work from heat Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 2111-14
53. Caves C M, Unruh W G and Zurek W H 1990 Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 1387
54. Chuang I L, Laflamme R, Shor P W and Zurek W H 1995 Quantum computers, factoring, and decoherence Science 270 1633-5
55. Chuang I L and Yamamoto 1997 Creation of a persistent qubit using error correction Phys. Rev. A 55 114-27
56. Church A 1936 An unsolvable problem of elementary number theory Am. J. Math. 58 345-63
57. Cirac J I, Pellizari T and Zoller P 1996 Enforcing coherent evolution in dissipative quantum dynamics Science 273 1207
58. Cirac J I and Zoller P 1995 Quantum computations with cold trapped ions Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 4091-4
59. Cirac J I, Zoller P, Kimble H J and Mabuchi H 1997 Quantum state transfer and entanglement distribution among distant nodes of a quantum network Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 3221
60. Clauser J F, Holt R A, Home M A and Shimony A 1969 Proposed experiment to test local hidden-variable theories Phys. Rev. Lett. 23 880-4
61. Clauser J F and Shimony A 1978 Bell's theorem: experimental tests and implications Rep. Prog. Phys. 41 1881-927
62. Cleve R and DiVincenzo D P 1996 Schumacher's quantum data compression as a quantum computation Phys. Rev. A 54 2636
63. Coppersmith D 1994 An approximate Fourier transform useful in quantum factoring IBM Research Report RC 19642
64. Cory D G, Fahmy A F and Havel T F 1996 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: an experimentally accessible paradigm for quantum computing Proc. 4th Workshop on Physics and Computation (Boston, MA: Complex Systems Institute)
65. Crandall R E 1997 The challenge of large numbers Scientific American February 59-62
66. Deutsch D 1985 Quantum theory, the Church-Turing principle and the universal quantum computer Proc. R. Soc. A 400 97-117
67. _1989 Quantum computational networks Proc. R. Soc. A 425 73-90
68. Deutsch D, Barenco A and Ekert A 1995 Universality in quantum computation Proc. R. Soc. A 449 669-77
69. Deutsch D, Ekert A, Jozsa R, Macchiavello C, Popescu S and Sanpera A 1996 Quantum privacy amplification and the security of quantum cryptography over noisy channels Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 2818
70. Deutsch D and Jozsa R 1992 Rapid solution of problems by quantum computation Proc. R. Soc. A 439 553-8
71. Diedrich F, Bergquist J C, Itano W M and Wineland D J 1989 Laser cooling to the zero-point energy of motion Phys. Rev. Lett. 62 403
72. Dieks D 1982 Communication by electron-paramagnetic-resonance devices Phys. Lett. 92A 271
73. DiVincenzo D P 1995a Two-bit gates are universal for quantum computation Phys. Rev. A 51 1015-22
74. _1995b Quantum computation Science 270 255-61
75. DiVincenzo D P and Shor P W 1996 Fault-tolerant error correction with efficient quantum codes Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 3260-3
76. Einstein A, Rosen N and Podolsky B 1935 Phys. Rev. 47 777
77. Ekert A 1991 Quantum cryptography based on Bell's theorem Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 661-3
78. _1997 From quantum code-making to quantum code-breaking Preprint quant-ph/9703035
79. Ekert A and Jozsa R 1996 Quantum computation and Shor's factoring algorithm Rev. Mod. Phys. 68 733
80. Ekert A and Macchiavello C 1996 Quantum error correction for communication Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 2585-8
81. Feynman R P 1982 Simulating physics with computers Int. J. Theor. Phys. 21 467-88
82. _1986 Quantum mechanical computers Found. Phys. 16 507-31 (see also 1985 Optics News February 11-20)
83. _1986 Quantum mechanical computers Found. Phys. 16 507-31 (see also 1985 Optics News February 11-20)
84. Fredkin E and Toffoli T 1982 Conservative logic Int. J. Theor. Phys. 21 219-53
85. Gershenfeld N A and Chuang I L 1997 Bulk spin-resonance quantum computation Science 275 350-6
86. Glauber R J 1986 Frontiers in Quantum Optics ed E R Pike and S Sarker (Bristol: Hilger)
87. Golay M J E 1949 Notes on digital coding Proc. IEEE 37 657
88. Gottesman D 1996 Class of quantum error-correcting codes saturating the quantum Hamming bound Phys. Rev. A 54 1862-8
89. _1997 A theory of fault-tolerant quantum computation Preprint quam-ph 9702029
90. Gottesman D, Evslin J, Kakade S and Preskill J 1996 to be published
91. Greenberger D M, Horne M A, Shimony A and Zeilinger A 1990 Bell's theorem without inequalities Am. J. Phys. 58 1131-43
92. Greenberger D M, Home M A and Zeilinger A 1989 Going beyond Bell's theorem Bell's Theorem. Quantum Theory and Conceptions of the Universe ed M Kafatos (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic) pp 73-6
93. Grover L K 1997 Quantum mechanics helps in searching for a needle in a haystack Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 325-8
94. Hamming R W 1950 Error detecting and error correcting codes Bell Syst. Tech. J. 29 147
95. _1986 Coding and Information Theory 2nd edn (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall)
96. Hardy G H and Wright E M 1979 An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers (Oxford: Clarendon)
97. Haroche S and Raimond J-M 1996 Quantum computing: dream or nightmare? Phys. Today 49 (8) 51-2
98. Hellman M E 1979 The mathematics of public-key cryptography Scientific American 241 130-9
99. Hill R 1986 A First Course in Coding Theory (Oxford: Clarendon)
100. Hodges A 1983 Alan Turing: The Enigma (London: Vintage)
101. Hughes R J, Alde D M, Dyer P, Luther G G, Morgan G L and Schauer M 1995 Quantum cryptography Contemp. Phys. 36 149-63
102. Jones D S 1979 Elementary Information Theory (Oxford: Clarendon)
103. Jozsa R 1997a Entanglement and quantum computation Geometric Issues in the Foundations of Science ed S Huggett et al (Oxford: Oxford University Press)
104. _1997b Quantum algorithms and the Fourier transform Proc. Santa Barbara Conf. on Quantum Coherence and Decoherence Preprint quant-ph/9707033, submitted
105. Jozsa R and Schumacher B 1994 A new proof of the quantum noiseless coding theorem J. Mod. Opt. 41 2343
106. Keyes R W 1970 Science 168 796
107. Keyes R W and Landauer R 1970 IBM J. Res. Dev. 14 152
108. Kholevo A S 1973 Probl. Peredachi Inf. 9 3 (Engl. transl. Probl. Inf. Transm. (USSR) 9 177)
109. Kholevo A S 1973 Probl. Peredachi Inf. 9 3 (Engl. transl. Probl. Inf. Transm. (USSR) 9 177)
110. Kitaev A Yu 1995 Quantum measurements and the Abelian stablizer problem Preprint quant-ph/9511026
111. _1996 Quantum error correction with imperfect gates Preprint
112. _1997 Fault-tolerant quantum computation by anyons Preprint quant-ph/9707021
113. Knill E and Laflamme R 1996 Concatenated quantum codes Preprint quant-ph/9608012
114. _1997 A theory of quantum error-correcting codes Phys. Rev. A 55 900-11
115. Knill E, Laflamme R and Zurek W H 1996 Accuracy threshold for quantum computation Preprint quant-ph/9610011
116. _1997 Resilient quantum computation: error models and thresholds Preprint quant-ph/9702058
117. Knuth D E 1981 Seminumerical Algorithms (The Art of Computer Programming 2), 2nd edn (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley).
118. Kwiat P G, Mattle K, Weinfurter H, Zeilinger A, Sergienko A and Shih Y 1995 New high-intensity source of polarization-entangled photon pairs Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 4337-41
119. Laflamme R, Miquel C, Paz J P and Zurek W H 1996 Perfect quantum error correcting code Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 198-201
120. Landauer R 1961 IBM J. Res. Dev. 5 183
121. _1991 Information is physical Phys. Today May 23-9
122. _1995 Is quantum mechanics useful? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 353 367-76
123. _1996 The physical nature of information Phys. Lett. A 217 188
124. nu, où θ est un isomorphisme de codes C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris 257 2597-600
125. Levitin L B 1987 Information Complexity and Control in Quantum Physics ed A Blaquieve, S Diner and G Lochak (New York: Springer) pp 15-47
126. Lidar D A and Biham O 1997 Simulating Ising spin glasses on a quantum computer Phys. Rev. E 56 3661
127. Lloyd S 1993 A potentially realisable quantum computer Science 261 1569 (see also 1994 Science 263 695)
128. Lloyd S 1993 A potentially realisable quantum computer Science 261 1569 (see also 1994 Science 263 695)
129. _1995 Almost any quantum logic gate is universal Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 346-9
130. _1996 Universal quantum simulators Science 273 1073-8
131. _1997 The capacity of a noisy quantum channel Phys. Rev. A 55 1613-22
132. Lo H-K and Chau H F 1997 Is quantum bit commitment really possible? Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 3410-13
133. Loss D and DiVincenzo D P 1997 Quantum computation with quantum dots Phys. Rev. A submitted
134. MacWilliams F J and Sloane N J A 1977 The Theory of Error Correcting Codes (Amsterdam: Elsevier)
135. Margolus N 1986 Quantum computation Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 480 487-97
136. _1990 Parallel quantum computation Complexity, Entropy and the Physics of Information (Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity VIII) ed W H Zurek (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley) p 273
137. Mattle K, Weinfurter H, Kwiat P G and Zeilinger A 1996 Dense coding in experimental quantum communication Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 4656-9
138. Maxwell J C 1871 Theory of Heat (London: Longmans Green)
139. Mayers D 1997 Unconditionally secure quantum bit commitment is impossible Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 3414-17
140. Menezes A J, van Oorschot P C and Vanstone S A 1997 Handbook of Applied Cryptography (Boca Raton, FL: Chemical Rubber Company)
141. Mermin N D 1990 What's wrong with these elements of reality? Phys. Today June 9-11
142. Meyer D A 1997 Quantum mechanics of lattice gas automata I: one particle plane waves and potentials Phys. Rev. E 55 5261-9
143. Minsky M L 1967 Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall)
144. Miquel C, Paz J P and Perazzo 1996 Factoring in a dissipative quantum computer Phys. Rev. A 54 2605-13
145. Miquel C, Paz J P and Zurek W H 1997 Quantum computation with phase drift errors Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 3971-4
146. Monroe C, Meekhof D M, King B E, Itano W M and Wineland D J 1995b Demonstration of a universal quantum logic gate Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 4714-17
147. Monroe C, Meekhof D M, King B E, Jefferts S R, Itano W M, Wineland D J and Gould P 1995a Resolved-sideband Raman cooling of a bound atom to the 3D zero-point energy Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 4011-14
148. Myers J M 1997 Can a universal quantum computer be fully quantum? Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 1823-4
149. Nielsen M A and Chuang I L 1997 Programmable quantum gate arrays Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 321-4
150. Palma G M, Suominen K-A and Ekert A K 1996 Quantum computers and dissipation Proc. R. Soc. A 452 567-84
151. Pellizzari T, Gardiner S A, Cirac J I and Zoller P 1995 Decoherence, continuous observation, and quantum computing: A cavity QED model Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 3788-91
152. Peres A 1993 Quantum Theory: Concepts and Methods (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic)
153. Phoenix S J D and Townsend P D 1995 Quantum cryptography: how to beat the code breakers using quantum mechanics Contemp. Phys. 36 165-95
154. Plenio M B and Knight P L 1996 Realisitic lower bounds for the factorization time of large numbers on a quantum computer Phys. Rev. A 53 2986-90
155. Polkinghorne J 1994 Quarks, Chaos and Christianity (London: Triangle)
156. Preskill J 1997 Reliable quantum computers Preprint quant-ph/9705031
157. Privman V, Vagner I D and Kventsel G 1997 Quantum computation in quantum-Hall systems Preprint quant-ph/9707017
158. Rivest R, Shamir A and Adleman L 1979 On digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, Technical Report MIT/LCS/TR-212
159. Schroeder M R 1984 Number Theory in Science and Communication (Berlin: Springer)
160. Schumacher B 1995 Quantum coding Phys. Rev. A 51 2738-47
161. Schumacher B W and Nielsen M A 1996 Quantum data processing and error correction Phys. Rev. A 54 2629
162. Shankar R 1980 Principles of Quantum Mechanics (New York: Plenum)
163. Shannon C E 1948 A mathematical theory of communication Bell Syst. Tech. J. 27 379, 623
164. Shor P W 1994 Polynomial-time algorithms for prime factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer Proc. 35th Annual Symp. on Foundations of Computer Science (Santa Fe, NM: IEEE Computer Society Press) (revised version 1995a Preprint quant-ph/9508027)
165. _1995b Scheme for reducing decoherence in quantum computer memory Phys. Rev. A 52 R2493-6
166. _1996 Fault tolerant quantum computation Proc. 37th Annual Symp. on Foundations of Computer Science (Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press) pp 56-65
167. Shor P W and Laflamme R 1997 Quantum analog of the MacWilliams identities for classical coding theory Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 1600-2
168. Simon D 1994 On the power of quantum computation Proc. 35th Annual Symp. an Foundations of Computer Science (Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press) pp 124-34
169. Slepian D (ed) 1974 Key Papers in the Development of Information Theory (New York: IEEE)
170. Special issue: Quantum communication 1994 J. Mod. Opt. 41
171. Spiller T P 1996 Quantum information processing: cryptography, computation and teleportation Proc. IEEE 84 1719-46
172. Steane A M 1996a Error correcting codes in quantum theory Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 793-7
173. _1996b Multiple particle interference and quantum error correction Proc. R. Soc. A 452 2551-77
174. _1996c Simple quantum error-correcting codes Phys. Rev. A 54 4741-51
175. _1996d Quantum Reed-Muller codes IEEE Trans. Inf. Theor. to be published
176. _1997a Active stabilisation, quantum computation, and quantum state sythesis Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 2252-5
177. _1997b The ion trap quantum information processor Appl. Phys. B 64 623-42
178. _1997c Space, time, parallelism and noise requirements for reliable quantum computing Preprint quant-ph/9708021
179. Szilard L 1929 Z. Phys. 53 840 (translated in Wheeler and Zurek 1983)
180. Teich W G, Obermayer K and Mahler G 1988 Structural basis of multistationary quantum systems II. Effective few-particle dynamics Phys. Rev. B 37 8111-21
181. Toffoli T 1980 Reversible computing Automata, Languages and Programming, 7th Colloquium (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 84) ed J W de Bakker and J van Leeuwen (Berlin: Springer) pp 632-44
182. Turchette Q A, Hood C J, Lange W, Mabushi H and Kimble H J 1995 Measurement of conditional phase shifts for quantum logic Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 4710-13
183. Turing A M 1936 On computable numbers, with an application to the Entschneidungsproblem Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. Ser. 42 230 (see also Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. Ser. 43 544)
184. Turing A M 1936 On computable numbers, with an application to the Entschneidungsproblem Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. Ser. 42 230 (see also Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. Ser. 43 544)
185. Unruh W G 1995 Maintaining coherence in quantum computers Phys. Rev. A 51 992-7
186. van Enk S J, Cirac J I and Zoller P 1997 Ideal communication over noisy channels: a quantum optical implementation Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 4293-6
187. Vedral V, Barenco A and Ekert A 1996 Quantum networks for elementary arithmetic operations Phys. Rev. A 54 147-53
188. Weinfurter H 1994 Experimental Bell-state analysis Europhys. Lett. 25 559-64
189. Wheeler J A and Zurek W H (ed) 1983 Quantum Theory and Measurement (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press)
190. Wiesner S 1983 Conjugate coding SIGACT News 15 78-88
191. _1996 Simulations of many-body quantum systems by a quantum computer Preprint quant-ph/9603028
192. Wineland D J, Monroe C, Itano W M, Leibfried D, King B and Meekhof D M 1997 Experimental issues in coherent quantum-state manipulation of trapped atomic ions Rev. Mod. Phys. submitted
193. Wooters W K and Zurek W H 1982 A single quantum cannot be cloned Nature 299 802
194. Zalka C 1996 Efficient simulation of quantum systems by quantum computers Preprint quant-ph/9603026
195. Zbinden H, Gautier J D, Gisin N, Huttner B, Muller A and Tittle W 1997 Interferometry with Faraday mirrors for quantum cryptography Electron. Lett. 33 586-8
196. Zurek W H 1989 Thermodynamic cost of computation, algorithmic complexity and the information metric Nature 341 119-24