Self-assembly of {2}-metallacryptands and {2}-metallacryptates

European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry

Volumn , Issue 9, 1998, Pages 1313-1317

  Saalfrank, Rolf W ^a   Seitz, Verena ^a   Caulder, Dana L ^b   Raymond, Kenneth N ^b   Teichert, Markus ^c   Stalke, Dietmar ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Helical structures; Host guest chemistry; Iron; Metallacryptate; Supramolecular chemistry

Indexed keywords

IRON COMPOUNDS; LANTHANUM COMPOUNDS; POTASH; POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; SELF ASSEMBLY; STRONTIUM COMPOUNDS; X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS;

DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS; DINUCLEAR; DIVALENTS; HELICAL STRUCTURES; HELICATES; HOSTGUEST CHEMISTRY; LANTHANUM(III); METALLACRYPTATE; TRIVALENTS; X- RAY DIFFRACTIONS;

SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY;

EID: 0003028033     PISSN: 14341948     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0682(199809)1998:9<1313::AID-EJIC1313>3.0.CO;2-J     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. See for example: D. J. Cram, J. J. Cram, Container Molecules and Their Guests, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1994; F. Vögtle, Supramolecular Chemistry: An Introduction, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993; Frontiers in Supramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry (Eds.: H.-J. Schneider, H. Dürr), VCH, Weinheim, 1991; J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, 1995; Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. Macnicol, F. Vögtle, J.-M. Lehn), especially vol. 1 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests, vol. 9 (Eds.: J.-P. Sauvage, M. W. Hosseini), Templating, Self-assembly and Self-organization, 1st ed., Pergamon, Oxford, 1996; S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg, Bioanorganische Chemie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995, chap. 5; C. Seel, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1992, 104, 542-563; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 528-549; C. Moore, B. C. Pressman, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1964, 15, 562; S. M. Gorun, G. C. Papacfthmiou, R. B. Frankel, S. J. Lippard, J. Am Chem Soc. 1987, 109, 4244-4255; S. J. Lippard, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 353-371; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 344-361; K. Wieghardt, K. Pohl, I. Jibril, G. Huttner, Angew. Chem 1984, 96, 66-67; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 77-78; C. M. Flynn, Jr., Chem Rev. 1984, 84, 31-41; and literature cited.
2. See for example: D. J. Cram, J. J. Cram, Container Molecules and Their Guests, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1994; F. Vögtle, Supramolecular Chemistry: An Introduction, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993; Frontiers in Supramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry (Eds.: H.-J. Schneider, H. Dürr), VCH, Weinheim, 1991; J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, 1995; Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. Macnicol, F. Vögtle, J.-M. Lehn), especially vol. 1 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests, vol. 9 (Eds.: J.-P. Sauvage, M. W. Hosseini), Templating, Self-assembly and Self-organization, 1st ed., Pergamon, Oxford, 1996; S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg, Bioanorganische Chemie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995, chap. 5; C. Seel, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1992, 104, 542-563; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 528-549; C. Moore, B. C. Pressman, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1964, 15, 562; S. M. Gorun, G. C. Papacfthmiou, R. B. Frankel, S. J. Lippard, J. Am Chem Soc. 1987, 109, 4244-4255; S. J. Lippard, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 353-371; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 344-361; K. Wieghardt, K. Pohl, I. Jibril, G. Huttner, Angew. Chem 1984, 96, 66-67; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 77-78; C. M. Flynn, Jr., Chem Rev. 1984, 84, 31-41; and literature cited.
3. See for example: D. J. Cram, J. J. Cram, Container Molecules and Their Guests, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1994; F. Vögtle, Supramolecular Chemistry: An Introduction, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993; Frontiers in Supramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry (Eds.: H.-J. Schneider, H. Dürr), VCH, Weinheim, 1991; J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, 1995; Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. Macnicol, F. Vögtle, J.-M. Lehn), especially vol. 1 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests, vol. 9 (Eds.: J.-P. Sauvage, M. W. Hosseini), Templating, Self-assembly and Self-organization, 1st ed., Pergamon, Oxford, 1996; S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg, Bioanorganische Chemie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995, chap. 5; C. Seel, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1992, 104, 542-563; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 528-549; C. Moore, B. C. Pressman, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1964, 15, 562; S. M. Gorun, G. C. Papacfthmiou, R. B. Frankel, S. J. Lippard, J. Am Chem Soc. 1987, 109, 4244-4255; S. J. Lippard, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 353-371; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 344-361; K. Wieghardt, K. Pohl, I. Jibril, G. Huttner, Angew. Chem 1984, 96, 66-67; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 77-78; C. M. Flynn, Jr., Chem Rev. 1984, 84, 31-41; and literature cited.
4. See for example: D. J. Cram, J. J. Cram, Container Molecules and Their Guests, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1994; F. Vögtle, Supramolecular Chemistry: An Introduction, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993; Frontiers in Supramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry (Eds.: H.-J. Schneider, H. Dürr), VCH, Weinheim, 1991; J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, 1995; Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. Macnicol, F. Vögtle, J.-M. Lehn), especially vol. 1 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests, vol. 9 (Eds.: J.-P. Sauvage, M. W. Hosseini), Templating, Self-assembly and Self-organization, 1st ed., Pergamon, Oxford, 1996; S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg, Bioanorganische Chemie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995, chap. 5; C. Seel, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1992, 104, 542-563; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 528-549; C. Moore, B. C. Pressman, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1964, 15, 562; S. M. Gorun, G. C. Papacfthmiou, R. B. Frankel, S. J. Lippard, J. Am Chem Soc. 1987, 109, 4244-4255; S. J. Lippard, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 353-371; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 344-361; K. Wieghardt, K. Pohl, I. Jibril, G. Huttner, Angew. Chem 1984, 96, 66-67; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 77-78; C. M. Flynn, Jr., Chem Rev. 1984, 84, 31-41; and literature cited.
5. See for example: D. J. Cram, J. J. Cram, Container Molecules and Their Guests, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1994; F. Vögtle, Supramolecular Chemistry: An Introduction, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993; Frontiers in Supramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry (Eds.: H.-J. Schneider, H. Dürr), VCH, Weinheim, 1991; J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, 1995; Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. Macnicol, F. Vögtle, J.-M. Lehn), especially vol. 1 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests, vol. 9 (Eds.: J.-P. Sauvage, M. W. Hosseini), Templating, Self-assembly and Self-organization, 1st ed., Pergamon, Oxford, 1996; S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg, Bioanorganische Chemie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995, chap. 5; C. Seel, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1992, 104, 542-563; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 528-549; C. Moore, B. C. Pressman, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1964, 15, 562; S. M. Gorun, G. C. Papacfthmiou, R. B. Frankel, S. J. Lippard, J. Am Chem Soc. 1987, 109, 4244-4255; S. J. Lippard, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 353-371; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 344-361; K. Wieghardt, K. Pohl, I. Jibril, G. Huttner, Angew. Chem 1984, 96, 66-67; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 77-78; C. M. Flynn, Jr., Chem Rev. 1984, 84, 31-41; and literature cited.
6. See for example: D. J. Cram, J. J. Cram, Container Molecules and Their Guests, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1994; F. Vögtle, Supramolecular Chemistry: An Introduction, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993; Frontiers in Supramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry (Eds.: H.-J. Schneider, H. Dürr), VCH, Weinheim, 1991; J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, 1995; Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. Macnicol, F. Vögtle, J.-M. Lehn), especially vol. 1 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests, vol. 9 (Eds.: J.-P. Sauvage, M. W. Hosseini), Templating, Self-assembly and Self-organization, 1st ed., Pergamon, Oxford, 1996; S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg, Bioanorganische Chemie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995, chap. 5; C. Seel, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1992, 104, 542-563; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 528-549; C. Moore, B. C. Pressman, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1964, 15, 562; S. M. Gorun, G. C. Papacfthmiou, R. B. Frankel, S. J. Lippard, J. Am Chem Soc. 1987, 109, 4244-4255; S. J. Lippard, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 353-371; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 344-361; K. Wieghardt, K. Pohl, I. Jibril, G. Huttner, Angew. Chem 1984, 96, 66-67; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 77-78; C. M. Flynn, Jr., Chem Rev. 1984, 84, 31-41; and literature cited.
7. See for example: D. J. Cram, J. J. Cram, Container Molecules and Their Guests, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1994; F. Vögtle, Supramolecular Chemistry: An Introduction, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993; Frontiers in Supramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry (Eds.: H.-J. Schneider, H. Dürr), VCH, Weinheim, 1991; J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, 1995; Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. Macnicol, F. Vögtle, J.-M. Lehn), especially vol. 1 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests, vol. 9 (Eds.: J.-P. Sauvage, M. W. Hosseini), Templating, Self-assembly and Self-organization, 1st ed., Pergamon, Oxford, 1996; S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg, Bioanorganische Chemie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995, chap. 5; C. Seel, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1992, 104, 542-563; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 528-549; C. Moore, B. C. Pressman, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1964, 15, 562; S. M. Gorun, G. C. Papacfthmiou, R. B. Frankel, S. J. Lippard, J. Am Chem Soc. 1987, 109, 4244-4255; S. J. Lippard, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 353-371; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 344-361; K. Wieghardt, K. Pohl, I. Jibril, G. Huttner, Angew. Chem 1984, 96, 66-67; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 77-78; C. M. Flynn, Jr., Chem Rev. 1984, 84, 31-41; and literature cited.
8. See for example: D. J. Cram, J. J. Cram, Container Molecules and Their Guests, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1994; F. Vögtle, Supramolecular Chemistry: An Introduction, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993; Frontiers in Supramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry (Eds.: H.-J. Schneider, H. Dürr), VCH, Weinheim, 1991; J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, 1995; Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. Macnicol, F. Vögtle, J.-M. Lehn), especially vol. 1 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests, vol. 9 (Eds.: J.-P. Sauvage, M. W. Hosseini), Templating, Self-assembly and Self-organization, 1st ed., Pergamon, Oxford, 1996; S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg, Bioanorganische Chemie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995, chap. 5; C. Seel, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1992, 104, 542-563; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 528-549; C. Moore, B. C. Pressman, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1964, 15, 562; S. M. Gorun, G. C. Papacfthmiou, R. B. Frankel, S. J. Lippard, J. Am Chem Soc. 1987, 109, 4244-4255; S. J. Lippard, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 353-371; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 344-361; K. Wieghardt, K. Pohl, I. Jibril, G. Huttner, Angew. Chem 1984, 96, 66-67; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 77-78; C. M. Flynn, Jr., Chem Rev. 1984, 84, 31-41; and literature cited.
9. See for example: D. J. Cram, J. J. Cram, Container Molecules and Their Guests, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1994; F. Vögtle, Supramolecular Chemistry: An Introduction, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993; Frontiers in Supramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry (Eds.: H.-J. Schneider, H. Dürr), VCH, Weinheim, 1991; J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, 1995; Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. Macnicol, F. Vögtle, J.-M. Lehn), especially vol. 1 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests, vol. 9 (Eds.: J.-P. Sauvage, M. W. Hosseini), Templating, Self-assembly and Self-organization, 1st ed., Pergamon, Oxford, 1996; S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg, Bioanorganische Chemie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995, chap. 5; C. Seel, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1992, 104, 542-563; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 528-549; C. Moore, B. C. Pressman, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1964, 15, 562; S. M. Gorun, G. C. Papacfthmiou, R. B. Frankel, S. J. Lippard, J. Am Chem Soc. 1987, 109, 4244-4255; S. J. Lippard, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 353-371; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 344-361; K. Wieghardt, K. Pohl, I. Jibril, G. Huttner, Angew. Chem 1984, 96, 66-67; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 77-78; C. M. Flynn, Jr., Chem Rev. 1984, 84, 31-41; and literature cited.
10. See for example: D. J. Cram, J. J. Cram, Container Molecules and Their Guests, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1994; F. Vögtle, Supramolecular Chemistry: An Introduction, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993; Frontiers in Supramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry (Eds.: H.-J. Schneider, H. Dürr), VCH, Weinheim, 1991; J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, 1995; Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. Macnicol, F. Vögtle, J.-M. Lehn), especially vol. 1 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests, vol. 9 (Eds.: J.-P. Sauvage, M. W. Hosseini), Templating, Self-assembly and Self-organization, 1st ed., Pergamon, Oxford, 1996; S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg, Bioanorganische Chemie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995, chap. 5; C. Seel, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1992, 104, 542-563; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 528-549; C. Moore, B. C. Pressman, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1964, 15, 562; S. M. Gorun, G. C. Papacfthmiou, R. B. Frankel, S. J. Lippard, J. Am Chem Soc. 1987, 109, 4244-4255; S. J. Lippard, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 353-371; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 344-361; K. Wieghardt, K. Pohl, I. Jibril, G. Huttner, Angew. Chem 1984, 96, 66-67; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 77-78; C. M. Flynn, Jr., Chem Rev. 1984, 84, 31-41; and literature cited.
11. See for example: D. J. Cram, J. J. Cram, Container Molecules and Their Guests, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1994; F. Vögtle, Supramolecular Chemistry: An Introduction, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993; Frontiers in Supramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry (Eds.: H.-J. Schneider, H. Dürr), VCH, Weinheim, 1991; J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, 1995; Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. Macnicol, F. Vögtle, J.-M. Lehn), especially vol. 1 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests, vol. 9 (Eds.: J.-P. Sauvage, M. W. Hosseini), Templating, Self-assembly and Self-organization, 1st ed., Pergamon, Oxford, 1996; S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg, Bioanorganische Chemie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995, chap. 5; C. Seel, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1992, 104, 542-563; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 528-549; C. Moore, B. C. Pressman, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1964, 15, 562; S. M. Gorun, G. C. Papacfthmiou, R. B. Frankel, S. J. Lippard, J. Am Chem Soc. 1987, 109, 4244-4255; S. J. Lippard, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 353-371; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 344-361; K. Wieghardt, K. Pohl, I. Jibril, G. Huttner, Angew. Chem 1984, 96, 66-67; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 77-78; C. M. Flynn, Jr., Chem Rev. 1984, 84, 31-41; and literature cited.
12. See for example: D. J. Cram, J. J. Cram, Container Molecules and Their Guests, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1994; F. Vögtle, Supramolecular Chemistry: An Introduction, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993; Frontiers in Supramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry (Eds.: H.-J. Schneider, H. Dürr), VCH, Weinheim, 1991; J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, 1995; Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. Macnicol, F. Vögtle, J.-M. Lehn), especially vol. 1 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests, vol. 9 (Eds.: J.-P. Sauvage, M. W. Hosseini), Templating, Self-assembly and Self-organization, 1st ed., Pergamon, Oxford, 1996; S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg, Bioanorganische Chemie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995, chap. 5; C. Seel, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1992, 104, 542-563; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 528-549; C. Moore, B. C. Pressman, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1964, 15, 562; S. M. Gorun, G. C. Papacfthmiou, R. B. Frankel, S. J. Lippard, J. Am Chem Soc. 1987, 109, 4244-4255; S. J. Lippard, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 353-371; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 344-361; K. Wieghardt, K. Pohl, I. Jibril, G. Huttner, Angew. Chem 1984, 96, 66-67; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 77-78; C. M. Flynn, Jr., Chem Rev. 1984, 84, 31-41; and literature cited.
13. See for example: D. J. Cram, J. J. Cram, Container Molecules and Their Guests, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1994; F. Vögtle, Supramolecular Chemistry: An Introduction, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993; Frontiers in Supramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry (Eds.: H.-J. Schneider, H. Dürr), VCH, Weinheim, 1991; J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, 1995; Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. Macnicol, F. Vögtle, J.-M. Lehn), especially vol. 1 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests, vol. 9 (Eds.: J.-P. Sauvage, M. W. Hosseini), Templating, Self-assembly and Self-organization, 1st ed., Pergamon, Oxford, 1996; S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg, Bioanorganische Chemie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995, chap. 5; C. Seel, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1992, 104, 542-563; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 528-549; C. Moore, B. C. Pressman, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1964, 15, 562; S. M. Gorun, G. C. Papacfthmiou, R. B. Frankel, S. J. Lippard, J. Am Chem Soc. 1987, 109, 4244-4255; S. J. Lippard, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 353-371; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 344-361; K. Wieghardt, K. Pohl, I. Jibril, G. Huttner, Angew. Chem 1984, 96, 66-67; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 77-78; C. M. Flynn, Jr., Chem Rev. 1984, 84, 31-41; and literature cited.
14. See for example: D. J. Cram, J. J. Cram, Container Molecules and Their Guests, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1994; F. Vögtle, Supramolecular Chemistry: An Introduction, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993; Frontiers in Supramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry (Eds.: H.-J. Schneider, H. Dürr), VCH, Weinheim, 1991; J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, 1995; Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. Macnicol, F. Vögtle, J.-M. Lehn), especially vol. 1 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests, vol. 9 (Eds.: J.-P. Sauvage, M. W. Hosseini), Templating, Self-assembly and Self-organization, 1st ed., Pergamon, Oxford, 1996; S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg, Bioanorganische Chemie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995, chap. 5; C. Seel, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1992, 104, 542-563; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 528-549; C. Moore, B. C. Pressman, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1964, 15, 562; S. M. Gorun, G. C. Papacfthmiou, R. B. Frankel, S. J. Lippard, J. Am Chem Soc. 1987, 109, 4244-4255; S. J. Lippard, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 353-371; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 344-361; K. Wieghardt, K. Pohl, I. Jibril, G. Huttner, Angew. Chem 1984, 96, 66-67; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 77-78; C. M. Flynn, Jr., Chem Rev. 1984, 84, 31-41; and literature cited.
15. See for example: D. J. Cram, J. J. Cram, Container Molecules and Their Guests, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1994; F. Vögtle, Supramolecular Chemistry: An Introduction, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993; Frontiers in Supramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry (Eds.: H.-J. Schneider, H. Dürr), VCH, Weinheim, 1991; J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, 1995; Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. Macnicol, F. Vögtle, J.-M. Lehn), especially vol. 1 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests, vol. 9 (Eds.: J.-P. Sauvage, M. W. Hosseini), Templating, Self-assembly and Self-organization, 1st ed., Pergamon, Oxford, 1996; S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg, Bioanorganische Chemie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995, chap. 5; C. Seel, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1992, 104, 542-563; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 528-549; C. Moore, B. C. Pressman, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1964, 15, 562; S. M. Gorun, G. C. Papacfthmiou, R. B. Frankel, S. J. Lippard, J. Am Chem Soc. 1987, 109, 4244-4255; S. J. Lippard, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 353-371; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 344-361; K. Wieghardt, K. Pohl, I. Jibril, G. Huttner, Angew. Chem 1984, 96, 66-67; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 77-78; C. M. Flynn, Jr., Chem Rev. 1984, 84, 31-41; and literature cited.
16. See for example: D. J. Cram, J. J. Cram, Container Molecules and Their Guests, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1994; F. Vögtle, Supramolecular Chemistry: An Introduction, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993; Frontiers in Supramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry (Eds.: H.-J. Schneider, H. Dürr), VCH, Weinheim, 1991; J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, 1995; Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. Macnicol, F. Vögtle, J.-M. Lehn), especially vol. 1 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests, vol. 9 (Eds.: J.-P. Sauvage, M. W. Hosseini), Templating, Self-assembly and Self-organization, 1st ed., Pergamon, Oxford, 1996; S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg, Bioanorganische Chemie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995, chap. 5; C. Seel, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1992, 104, 542-563; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 528-549; C. Moore, B. C. Pressman, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1964, 15, 562; S. M. Gorun, G. C. Papacfthmiou, R. B. Frankel, S. J. Lippard, J. Am Chem Soc. 1987, 109, 4244-4255; S. J. Lippard, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 353-371; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 344-361; K. Wieghardt, K. Pohl, I. Jibril, G. Huttner, Angew. Chem 1984, 96, 66-67; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 77-78; C. M. Flynn, Jr., Chem Rev. 1984, 84, 31-41; and literature cited.
17. See for example: D. J. Cram, J. J. Cram, Container Molecules and Their Guests, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1994; F. Vögtle, Supramolecular Chemistry: An Introduction, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993; Frontiers in Supramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry (Eds.: H.-J. Schneider, H. Dürr), VCH, Weinheim, 1991; J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, 1995; Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. Macnicol, F. Vögtle, J.-M. Lehn), especially vol. 1 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests, vol. 9 (Eds.: J.-P. Sauvage, M. W. Hosseini), Templating, Self-assembly and Self-organization, 1st ed., Pergamon, Oxford, 1996; S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg, Bioanorganische Chemie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995, chap. 5; C. Seel, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1992, 104, 542-563; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 528-549; C. Moore, B. C. Pressman, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1964, 15, 562; S. M. Gorun, G. C. Papacfthmiou, R. B. Frankel, S. J. Lippard, J. Am Chem Soc. 1987, 109, 4244-4255; S. J. Lippard, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 353-371; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 344-361; K. Wieghardt, K. Pohl, I. Jibril, G. Huttner, Angew. Chem 1984, 96, 66-67; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 77-78; C. M. Flynn, Jr., Chem Rev. 1984, 84, 31-41; and literature cited.
18. G. W. Gokel, Crown Ethers and Cryptands, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry (Ed.: J. Fraser Stoddart), The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991; C. J. Pedersen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 7017-7036; B. Dietrich, J.-M. Lehn, J.-P. Sauvage, Tetrahedron Lett. 1969, 2885-2888; B. Dietrich, J.-M. Lehn, J.-P. Sauvage, Tetrahedron Lett. 1969, 2889-2892; J.-M. Lehn, Pure Appl. Chem. 1978, 50, 871-892; J.-M. Lehn, Pure Appl. Chem. 1980, 52, 2442-2459;
19. G. W. Gokel, Crown Ethers and Cryptands, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry (Ed.: J. Fraser Stoddart), The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991; C. J. Pedersen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 7017-7036; B. Dietrich, J.-M. Lehn, J.-P. Sauvage, Tetrahedron Lett. 1969, 2885-2888; B. Dietrich, J.-M. Lehn, J.-P. Sauvage, Tetrahedron Lett. 1969, 2889-2892; J.-M. Lehn, Pure Appl. Chem. 1978, 50, 871-892; J.-M. Lehn, Pure Appl. Chem. 1980, 52, 2442-2459;
20. G. W. Gokel, Crown Ethers and Cryptands, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry (Ed.: J. Fraser Stoddart), The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991; C. J. Pedersen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 7017-7036; B. Dietrich, J.-M. Lehn, J.-P. Sauvage, Tetrahedron Lett. 1969, 2885-2888; B. Dietrich, J.-M. Lehn, J.-P. Sauvage, Tetrahedron Lett. 1969, 2889-2892; J.-M. Lehn, Pure Appl. Chem. 1978, 50, 871-892; J.-M. Lehn, Pure Appl. Chem. 1980, 52, 2442-2459;
21. G. W. Gokel, Crown Ethers and Cryptands, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry (Ed.: J. Fraser Stoddart), The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991; C. J. Pedersen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 7017-7036; B. Dietrich, J.-M. Lehn, J.-P. Sauvage, Tetrahedron Lett. 1969, 2885-2888; B. Dietrich, J.-M. Lehn, J.-P. Sauvage, Tetrahedron Lett. 1969, 2889-2892; J.-M. Lehn, Pure Appl. Chem. 1978, 50, 871-892; J.-M. Lehn, Pure Appl. Chem. 1980, 52, 2442-2459;
22. G. W. Gokel, Crown Ethers and Cryptands, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry (Ed.: J. Fraser Stoddart), The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991; C. J. Pedersen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 7017-7036; B. Dietrich, J.-M. Lehn, J.-P. Sauvage, Tetrahedron Lett. 1969, 2885-2888; B. Dietrich, J.-M. Lehn, J.-P. Sauvage, Tetrahedron Lett. 1969, 2889-2892; J.-M. Lehn, Pure Appl. Chem. 1978, 50, 871-892; J.-M. Lehn, Pure Appl. Chem. 1980, 52, 2442-2459;
23. G. W. Gokel, Crown Ethers and Cryptands, in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry (Ed.: J. Fraser Stoddart), The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991; C. J. Pedersen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 7017-7036; B. Dietrich, J.-M. Lehn, J.-P. Sauvage, Tetrahedron Lett. 1969, 2885-2888; B. Dietrich, J.-M. Lehn, J.-P. Sauvage, Tetrahedron Lett. 1969, 2889-2892; J.-M. Lehn, Pure Appl. Chem. 1978, 50, 871-892; J.-M. Lehn, Pure Appl. Chem. 1980, 52, 2442-2459;
24. R. W. Saalfrank, A. Stark, K. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 878-880; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 851-853; R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1697-1699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; R. W. Saalfrank, R Burak, S. Reihs, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D. Stachel, J. Lentmeier, K. Peters, E. M. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1085-1087; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 993-995; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D Stachel, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2353-2354; Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2209-2210; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, S. Kareth, V. Seitz, F. Hampel, D. Stalke, M. Teichert, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 182-184; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 172-174.
25. R. W. Saalfrank, A. Stark, K. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 878-880; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 851-853; R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1697-1699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; R. W. Saalfrank, R Burak, S. Reihs, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D. Stachel, J. Lentmeier, K. Peters, E. M. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1085-1087; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 993-995; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D Stachel, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2353-2354; Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2209-2210; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, S. Kareth, V. Seitz, F. Hampel, D. Stalke, M. Teichert, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 182-184; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 172-174.
26. R. W. Saalfrank, A. Stark, K. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 878-880; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 851-853; R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1697-1699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; R. W. Saalfrank, R Burak, S. Reihs, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D. Stachel, J. Lentmeier, K. Peters, E. M. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1085-1087; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 993-995; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D Stachel, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2353-2354; Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2209-2210; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, S. Kareth, V. Seitz, F. Hampel, D. Stalke, M. Teichert, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 182-184; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 172-174.
27. R. W. Saalfrank, A. Stark, K. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 878-880; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 851-853; R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1697-1699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; R. W. Saalfrank, R Burak, S. Reihs, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D. Stachel, J. Lentmeier, K. Peters, E. M. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1085-1087; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 993-995; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D Stachel, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2353-2354; Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2209-2210; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, S. Kareth, V. Seitz, F. Hampel, D. Stalke, M. Teichert, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 182-184; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 172-174.
28. R. W. Saalfrank, A. Stark, K. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 878-880; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 851-853; R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1697-1699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; R. W. Saalfrank, R Burak, S. Reihs, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D. Stachel, J. Lentmeier, K. Peters, E. M. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1085-1087; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 993-995; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D Stachel, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2353-2354; Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2209-2210; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, S. Kareth, V. Seitz, F. Hampel, D. Stalke, M. Teichert, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 182-184; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 172-174.
29. R. W. Saalfrank, A. Stark, K. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 878-880; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 851-853; R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1697-1699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; R. W. Saalfrank, R Burak, S. Reihs, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D. Stachel, J. Lentmeier, K. Peters, E. M. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1085-1087; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 993-995; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D Stachel, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2353-2354; Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2209-2210; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, S. Kareth, V. Seitz, F. Hampel, D. Stalke, M. Teichert, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 182-184; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 172-174.
30. R. W. Saalfrank, A. Stark, K. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 878-880; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 851-853; R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1697-1699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; R. W. Saalfrank, R Burak, S. Reihs, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D. Stachel, J. Lentmeier, K. Peters, E. M. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1085-1087; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 993-995; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D Stachel, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2353-2354; Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2209-2210; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, S. Kareth, V. Seitz, F. Hampel, D. Stalke, M. Teichert, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 182-184; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 172-174.
31. R. W. Saalfrank, A. Stark, K. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 878-880; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 851-853; R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1697-1699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; R. W. Saalfrank, R Burak, S. Reihs, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D. Stachel, J. Lentmeier, K. Peters, E. M. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1085-1087; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 993-995; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D Stachel, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2353-2354; Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2209-2210; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, S. Kareth, V. Seitz, F. Hampel, D. Stalke, M. Teichert, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 182-184; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 172-174.
32. R. W. Saalfrank, A. Stark, K. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 878-880; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 851-853; R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1697-1699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; R. W. Saalfrank, R Burak, S. Reihs, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D. Stachel, J. Lentmeier, K. Peters, E. M. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1085-1087; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 993-995; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D Stachel, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2353-2354; Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2209-2210; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, S. Kareth, V. Seitz, F. Hampel, D. Stalke, M. Teichert, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 182-184; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 172-174.
33. R. W. Saalfrank, A. Stark, K. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 878-880; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 851-853; R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1697-1699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; R. W. Saalfrank, R Burak, S. Reihs, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D. Stachel, J. Lentmeier, K. Peters, E. M. Peters, H.-G. v. Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1085-1087; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 993-995; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, F. Hampel, H.-D Stachel, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2353-2354; Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2209-2210; R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, S. Kareth, V. Seitz, F. Hampel, D. Stalke, M. Teichert, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 182-184; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 172-174.
34. D. Philp, J. F. Stoddart, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1243-1286; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1154-1196; J.-M. Lehn, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 91-116; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 89-112; J.-M. Lehn, Angew. Chem. 1990, 102, 1347-1362; Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1304-1319.
35. D. Philp, J. F. Stoddart, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1243-1286; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1154-1196; J.-M. Lehn, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 91-116; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 89-112; J.-M. Lehn, Angew. Chem. 1990, 102, 1347-1362; Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1304-1319.
36. D. Philp, J. F. Stoddart, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1243-1286; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1154-1196; J.-M. Lehn, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 91-116; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 89-112; J.-M. Lehn, Angew. Chem. 1990, 102, 1347-1362; Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1304-1319.
37. D. Philp, J. F. Stoddart, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1243-1286; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1154-1196; J.-M. Lehn, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 91-116; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 89-112; J.-M. Lehn, Angew. Chem. 1990, 102, 1347-1362; Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1304-1319.
38. D. Philp, J. F. Stoddart, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1243-1286; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1154-1196; J.-M. Lehn, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 91-116; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 89-112; J.-M. Lehn, Angew. Chem. 1990, 102, 1347-1362; Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1304-1319.
39. D. Philp, J. F. Stoddart, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1243-1286; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1154-1196; J.-M. Lehn, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 91-116; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 89-112; J.-M. Lehn, Angew. Chem. 1990, 102, 1347-1362; Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1304-1319.
40. R. W. Saalfrank, N. Löw, B. Demleitner, D. Stalke, M. Teichert, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1305-1311.
41. R. W. Saalfrank, A. Dresel, V. Seitz, S. Trummer, F. Hampel, M. Teichert, D. Stalke, C. Stadler, J. Daub, V. Schünemann, A. X. Trautwein, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 2058-2062.
42. For similar structures of metallacryptands c.f.: E. C. Constable, Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 10013-10059; E. C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 1482-1483; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1450-1451: E. C. Constable, T. Kulke, M. Neuburger, M. Zehnder, Chem. Commun. 1997, 489-490; E. J. Enemark, T. D. P. Stack, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1082-1084; Angew. Chem Int Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 996-998; R. Krämer, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 764-768; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706; R. C. Scarrow, D. L. White, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6540-6546; C. J. Carrano, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5371-5374; B. Kersting, M. Meyer, R. E. Powers, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7221-7222; A. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 15-19; L. J. Charbonniere, A. F. Williams, U. Frey, A. E. Merbach, P. Kamalaprija, O. Schaad, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2488-2496; C. Piguet. G. Bernardinelli, A. F. Williams, B. Bocquet, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 618-621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 582-584.
43. For similar structures of metallacryptands c.f.: E. C. Constable, Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 10013-10059; E. C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 1482-1483; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1450-1451: E. C. Constable, T. Kulke, M. Neuburger, M. Zehnder, Chem. Commun. 1997, 489-490; E. J. Enemark, T. D. P. Stack, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1082-1084; Angew. Chem Int Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 996-998; R. Krämer, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 764-768; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706; R. C. Scarrow, D. L. White, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6540-6546; C. J. Carrano, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5371-5374; B. Kersting, M. Meyer, R. E. Powers, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7221-7222; A. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 15-19; L. J. Charbonniere, A. F. Williams, U. Frey, A. E. Merbach, P. Kamalaprija, O. Schaad, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2488-2496; C. Piguet. G. Bernardinelli, A. F. Williams, B. Bocquet, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 618-621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 582-584.
44. For similar structures of metallacryptands c.f.: E. C. Constable, Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 10013-10059; E. C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 1482-1483; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1450-1451: E. C. Constable, T. Kulke, M. Neuburger, M. Zehnder, Chem. Commun. 1997, 489-490; E. J. Enemark, T. D. P. Stack, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1082-1084; Angew. Chem Int Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 996-998; R. Krämer, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 764-768; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706; R. C. Scarrow, D. L. White, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6540-6546; C. J. Carrano, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5371-5374; B. Kersting, M. Meyer, R. E. Powers, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7221-7222; A. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 15-19; L. J. Charbonniere, A. F. Williams, U. Frey, A. E. Merbach, P. Kamalaprija, O. Schaad, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2488-2496; C. Piguet. G. Bernardinelli, A. F. Williams, B. Bocquet, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 618-621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 582-584.
45. For similar structures of metallacryptands c.f.: E. C. Constable, Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 10013-10059; E. C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 1482-1483; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1450-1451: E. C. Constable, T. Kulke, M. Neuburger, M. Zehnder, Chem. Commun. 1997, 489-490; E. J. Enemark, T. D. P. Stack, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1082-1084; Angew. Chem Int Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 996-998; R. Krämer, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 764-768; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706; R. C. Scarrow, D. L. White, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6540-6546; C. J. Carrano, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5371-5374; B. Kersting, M. Meyer, R. E. Powers, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7221-7222; A. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 15-19; L. J. Charbonniere, A. F. Williams, U. Frey, A. E. Merbach, P. Kamalaprija, O. Schaad, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2488-2496; C. Piguet. G. Bernardinelli, A. F. Williams, B. Bocquet, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 618-621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 582-584.
46. For similar structures of metallacryptands c.f.: E. C. Constable, Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 10013-10059; E. C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 1482-1483; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1450-1451: E. C. Constable, T. Kulke, M. Neuburger, M. Zehnder, Chem. Commun. 1997, 489-490; E. J. Enemark, T. D. P. Stack, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1082-1084; Angew. Chem Int Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 996-998; R. Krämer, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 764-768; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706; R. C. Scarrow, D. L. White, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6540-6546; C. J. Carrano, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5371-5374; B. Kersting, M. Meyer, R. E. Powers, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7221-7222; A. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 15-19; L. J. Charbonniere, A. F. Williams, U. Frey, A. E. Merbach, P. Kamalaprija, O. Schaad, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2488-2496; C. Piguet. G. Bernardinelli, A. F. Williams, B. Bocquet, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 618-621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 582-584.
47. For similar structures of metallacryptands c.f.: E. C. Constable, Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 10013-10059; E. C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 1482-1483; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1450-1451: E. C. Constable, T. Kulke, M. Neuburger, M. Zehnder, Chem. Commun. 1997, 489-490; E. J. Enemark, T. D. P. Stack, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1082-1084; Angew. Chem Int Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 996-998; R. Krämer, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 764-768; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706; R. C. Scarrow, D. L. White, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6540-6546; C. J. Carrano, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5371-5374; B. Kersting, M. Meyer, R. E. Powers, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7221-7222; A. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 15-19; L. J. Charbonniere, A. F. Williams, U. Frey, A. E. Merbach, P. Kamalaprija, O. Schaad, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2488-2496; C. Piguet. G. Bernardinelli, A. F. Williams, B. Bocquet, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 618-621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 582-584.
48. For similar structures of metallacryptands c.f.: E. C. Constable, Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 10013-10059; E. C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 1482-1483; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1450-1451: E. C. Constable, T. Kulke, M. Neuburger, M. Zehnder, Chem. Commun. 1997, 489-490; E. J. Enemark, T. D. P. Stack, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1082-1084; Angew. Chem Int Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 996-998; R. Krämer, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 764-768; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706; R. C. Scarrow, D. L. White, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6540-6546; C. J. Carrano, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5371-5374; B. Kersting, M. Meyer, R. E. Powers, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7221-7222; A. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 15-19; L. J. Charbonniere, A. F. Williams, U. Frey, A. E. Merbach, P. Kamalaprija, O. Schaad, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2488-2496; C. Piguet. G. Bernardinelli, A. F. Williams, B. Bocquet, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 618-621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 582-584.
49. For similar structures of metallacryptands c.f.: E. C. Constable, Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 10013-10059; E. C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 1482-1483; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1450-1451: E. C. Constable, T. Kulke, M. Neuburger, M. Zehnder, Chem. Commun. 1997, 489-490; E. J. Enemark, T. D. P. Stack, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1082-1084; Angew. Chem Int Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 996-998; R. Krämer, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 764-768; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706; R. C. Scarrow, D. L. White, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6540-6546; C. J. Carrano, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5371-5374; B. Kersting, M. Meyer, R. E. Powers, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7221-7222; A. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 15-19; L. J. Charbonniere, A. F. Williams, U. Frey, A. E. Merbach, P. Kamalaprija, O. Schaad, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2488-2496; C. Piguet. G. Bernardinelli, A. F. Williams, B. Bocquet, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 618-621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 582-584.
50. For similar structures of metallacryptands c.f.: E. C. Constable, Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 10013-10059; E. C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 1482-1483; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1450-1451: E. C. Constable, T. Kulke, M. Neuburger, M. Zehnder, Chem. Commun. 1997, 489-490; E. J. Enemark, T. D. P. Stack, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1082-1084; Angew. Chem Int Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 996-998; R. Krämer, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 764-768; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706; R. C. Scarrow, D. L. White, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6540-6546; C. J. Carrano, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5371-5374; B. Kersting, M. Meyer, R. E. Powers, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7221-7222; A. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 15-19; L. J. Charbonniere, A. F. Williams, U. Frey, A. E. Merbach, P. Kamalaprija, O. Schaad, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2488-2496; C. Piguet. G. Bernardinelli, A. F. Williams, B. Bocquet, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 618-621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 582-584.
51. For similar structures of metallacryptands c.f.: E. C. Constable, Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 10013-10059; E. C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 1482-1483; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1450-1451: E. C. Constable, T. Kulke, M. Neuburger, M. Zehnder, Chem. Commun. 1997, 489-490; E. J. Enemark, T. D. P. Stack, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1082-1084; Angew. Chem Int Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 996-998; R. Krämer, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 764-768; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706; R. C. Scarrow, D. L. White, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6540-6546; C. J. Carrano, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5371-5374; B. Kersting, M. Meyer, R. E. Powers, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7221-7222; A. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 15-19; L. J. Charbonniere, A. F. Williams, U. Frey, A. E. Merbach, P. Kamalaprija, O. Schaad, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2488-2496; C. Piguet. G. Bernardinelli, A. F. Williams, B. Bocquet, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 618-621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 582-584.
52. For similar structures of metallacryptands c.f.: E. C. Constable, Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 10013-10059; E. C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 1482-1483; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1450-1451: E. C. Constable, T. Kulke, M. Neuburger, M. Zehnder, Chem. Commun. 1997, 489-490; E. J. Enemark, T. D. P. Stack, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1082-1084; Angew. Chem Int Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 996-998; R. Krämer, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 764-768; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706; R. C. Scarrow, D. L. White, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6540-6546; C. J. Carrano, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5371-5374; B. Kersting, M. Meyer, R. E. Powers, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7221-7222; A. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 15-19; L. J. Charbonniere, A. F. Williams, U. Frey, A. E. Merbach, P. Kamalaprija, O. Schaad, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2488-2496; C. Piguet. G. Bernardinelli, A. F. Williams, B. Bocquet, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 618-621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 582-584.
53. For similar structures of metallacryptands c.f.: E. C. Constable, Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 10013-10059; E. C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 1482-1483; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1450-1451: E. C. Constable, T. Kulke, M. Neuburger, M. Zehnder, Chem. Commun. 1997, 489-490; E. J. Enemark, T. D. P. Stack, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1082-1084; Angew. Chem Int Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 996-998; R. Krämer, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 764-768; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706; R. C. Scarrow, D. L. White, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6540-6546; C. J. Carrano, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5371-5374; B. Kersting, M. Meyer, R. E. Powers, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7221-7222; A. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 15-19; L. J. Charbonniere, A. F. Williams, U. Frey, A. E. Merbach, P. Kamalaprija, O. Schaad, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2488-2496; C. Piguet. G. Bernardinelli, A. F. Williams, B. Bocquet, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 618-621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 582-584.
54. For similar structures of metallacryptands c.f.: E. C. Constable, Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 10013-10059; E. C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 1482-1483; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1450-1451: E. C. Constable, T. Kulke, M. Neuburger, M. Zehnder, Chem. Commun. 1997, 489-490; E. J. Enemark, T. D. P. Stack, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1082-1084; Angew. Chem Int Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 996-998; R. Krämer, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 764-768; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706; R. C. Scarrow, D. L. White, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6540-6546; C. J. Carrano, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5371-5374; B. Kersting, M. Meyer, R. E. Powers, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7221-7222; A. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 15-19; L. J. Charbonniere, A. F. Williams, U. Frey, A. E. Merbach, P. Kamalaprija, O. Schaad, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2488-2496; C. Piguet. G. Bernardinelli, A. F. Williams, B. Bocquet, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 618-621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 582-584.
55. For similar structures of metallacryptands c.f.: E. C. Constable, Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 10013-10059; E. C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 1482-1483; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1450-1451: E. C. Constable, T. Kulke, M. Neuburger, M. Zehnder, Chem. Commun. 1997, 489-490; E. J. Enemark, T. D. P. Stack, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1082-1084; Angew. Chem Int Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 996-998; R. Krämer, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 764-768; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706; R. C. Scarrow, D. L. White, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6540-6546; C. J. Carrano, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5371-5374; B. Kersting, M. Meyer, R. E. Powers, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7221-7222; A. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 15-19; L. J. Charbonniere, A. F. Williams, U. Frey, A. E. Merbach, P. Kamalaprija, O. Schaad, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2488-2496; C. Piguet. G. Bernardinelli, A. F. Williams, B. Bocquet, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 618-621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 582-584.
56. For similar structures of metallacryptands c.f.: E. C. Constable, Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 10013-10059; E. C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 1482-1483; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1450-1451: E. C. Constable, T. Kulke, M. Neuburger, M. Zehnder, Chem. Commun. 1997, 489-490; E. J. Enemark, T. D. P. Stack, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1082-1084; Angew. Chem Int Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 996-998; R. Krämer, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 764-768; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706; R. C. Scarrow, D. L. White, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6540-6546; C. J. Carrano, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5371-5374; B. Kersting, M. Meyer, R. E. Powers, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7221-7222; A. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 15-19; L. J. Charbonniere, A. F. Williams, U. Frey, A. E. Merbach, P. Kamalaprija, O. Schaad, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2488-2496; C. Piguet. G. Bernardinelli, A. F. Williams, B. Bocquet, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 618-621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 582-584.
57. For similar structures of metallacryptates c.f.: E. J. Corey, C. L. Cywin, M. C. Noe, Tetrahedron Lett 1994, 35, 69-72; C. Krebs, M. Winter, T. Weymüller, E. Bill. K. Wieghardt, P. Chaudhuri, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 1913-1915; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, P. Fleischhauer, W. Haase, U. Flörke, H.-J. Haupt, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1990, 1728-1730; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, B. P. C. Della Vedova, P. Fleischbauer, W. Haase, U. Flörke, H.-J. Haupt, Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 4777-4783; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, F. Birkelbach, P. Fleischbauer, W. Haase, U. Flörke, H.-J. Haupt, Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 4291-4293; M. Albrecht, S. Kotila, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108. 1299-1300; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1208-1210.
58. For similar structures of metallacryptates c.f.: E. J. Corey, C. L. Cywin, M. C. Noe, Tetrahedron Lett 1994, 35, 69-72; C. Krebs, M. Winter, T. Weymüller, E. Bill. K. Wieghardt, P. Chaudhuri, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 1913-1915; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, P. Fleischhauer, W. Haase, U. Flörke, H.-J. Haupt, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1990, 1728-1730; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, B. P. C. Della Vedova, P. Fleischbauer, W. Haase, U. Flörke, H.-J. Haupt, Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 4777-4783; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, F. Birkelbach, P. Fleischbauer, W. Haase, U. Flörke, H.-J. Haupt, Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 4291-4293; M. Albrecht, S. Kotila, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108. 1299-1300; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1208-1210.
59. For similar structures of metallacryptates c.f.: E. J. Corey, C. L. Cywin, M. C. Noe, Tetrahedron Lett 1994, 35, 69-72; C. Krebs, M. Winter, T. Weymüller, E. Bill. K. Wieghardt, P. Chaudhuri, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 1913-1915; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, P. Fleischhauer, W. Haase, U. Flörke, H.-J. Haupt, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1990, 1728-1730; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, B. P. C. Della Vedova, P. Fleischbauer, W. Haase, U. Flörke, H.-J. Haupt, Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 4777-4783; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, F. Birkelbach, P. Fleischbauer, W. Haase, U. Flörke, H.-J. Haupt, Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 4291-4293; M. Albrecht, S. Kotila, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108. 1299-1300; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1208-1210.
60. For similar structures of metallacryptates c.f.: E. J. Corey, C. L. Cywin, M. C. Noe, Tetrahedron Lett 1994, 35, 69-72; C. Krebs, M. Winter, T. Weymüller, E. Bill. K. Wieghardt, P. Chaudhuri, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 1913-1915; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, P. Fleischhauer, W. Haase, U. Flörke, H.-J. Haupt, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1990, 1728-1730; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, B. P. C. Della Vedova, P. Fleischbauer, W. Haase, U. Flörke, H.-J. Haupt, Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 4777-4783; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, F. Birkelbach, P. Fleischbauer, W. Haase, U. Flörke, H.-J. Haupt, Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 4291-4293; M. Albrecht, S. Kotila, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108. 1299-1300; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1208-1210.
61. For similar structures of metallacryptates c.f.: E. J. Corey, C. L. Cywin, M. C. Noe, Tetrahedron Lett 1994, 35, 69-72; C. Krebs, M. Winter, T. Weymüller, E. Bill. K. Wieghardt, P. Chaudhuri, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 1913-1915; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, P. Fleischhauer, W. Haase, U. Flörke, H.-J. Haupt, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1990, 1728-1730; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, B. P. C. Della Vedova, P. Fleischbauer, W. Haase, U. Flörke, H.-J. Haupt, Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 4777-4783; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, F. Birkelbach, P. Fleischbauer, W. Haase, U. Flörke, H.-J. Haupt, Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 4291-4293; M. Albrecht, S. Kotila, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108. 1299-1300; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1208-1210.
62. For similar structures of metallacryptates c.f.: E. J. Corey, C. L. Cywin, M. C. Noe, Tetrahedron Lett 1994, 35, 69-72; C. Krebs, M. Winter, T. Weymüller, E. Bill. K. Wieghardt, P. Chaudhuri, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 1913-1915; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, P. Fleischhauer, W. Haase, U. Flörke, H.-J. Haupt, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1990, 1728-1730; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, B. P. C. Della Vedova, P. Fleischbauer, W. Haase, U. Flörke, H.-J. Haupt, Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 4777-4783; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, F. Birkelbach, P. Fleischbauer, W. Haase, U. Flörke, H.-J. Haupt, Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 4291-4293; M. Albrecht, S. Kotila, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108. 1299-1300; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1208-1210.
63. For similar structures of metallacryptates c.f.: E. J. Corey, C. L. Cywin, M. C. Noe, Tetrahedron Lett 1994, 35, 69-72; C. Krebs, M. Winter, T. Weymüller, E. Bill. K. Wieghardt, P. Chaudhuri, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 1913-1915; P. Chaudhuri, M. Winter, P. Fleischhauer, W. Haase, U.
64. D. E. Fenton, J. R. Tate, Inorg. Chim. Acta 1984, 83, 23-31.
65. SMART, Area-Detector Software Package, Siemens Industrial Automation, Inc., Madison, WI, 1995.
66. SAINT, SAX Area-Detector Integration Program, V4.024, Siemens Industrial Automation, Inc., Madison, WI, 1995.
67. XPREP, v. 5.03, Part of the SHELXTL Crystal Structure Determination Package, Siemens Industrial Automation, Inc., Madison, WI, 1995.
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73. Crystallographic data (excluding structure factors) for the structures reported in this paper have been deposited with the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre as supplementary publication no. CCDC-101639 (2b), -101640 (2d) and -101280 (2c). Copies of the data can be obtained free of charge on application to CCDC, 12 Union Road. GB-Cambridge CB2 1EZ, UK (Fax: int. code + 44-1223/336-033; E-mail: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk). A red-green stereo presentation of 2a is available on the WWW under http://www.organik.uni-erlangen.de/saalfrank/index.html