Job growth in the 1990s: A retrospect

Monthly Labor Review

Volumn 123, Issue 12, 2000, Pages 3-18

  Hatch, Julie ^a   Clinton, Angela ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0002111216     PISSN: 00981818     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., US Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions, on the Internet at: http://www.nber.org/cycles.html (visited November 2000).
2. Data on employment, hours and earnings used in this article are from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, which surveys nearly 380,000 nonfarm employers monthly. For more information on the CES program's concepts and methodology, see BLS Handbook of Methods, Bulletin 2490 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, April 1997), chapter 2, pp. 15-31. These data are available on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/ceshome.htm.
3. Table 1 represents employment change from 1989 to 1999 for each industry group by two-digit SIC code. If most of the employment movement in an industry can be explained by changes in one of its component industries, then those three-digit industries may be discussed also. Tables 2, 3, and 4 display employment change at this more detailed level. Table 2 contains the 20 industries losing the most jobs, table 3 shows the 20 most rapidly growing industries, and table 4 reveals the 20 industries gaining the most.
4. David McDermott, "Coal mining in the U.S. West: price and employment trends," Monthly Labor Review, August 1997, pp. 18-23.
5. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, The Effects of Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 on Electric Utilities: An Update, on the Internet at http://www.eia.doe.gov (visited March 7, 2000).
6. The Bureau of the Census produces estimates of construction expenditures, building permits, and housing starts and completions. For more information on these and other construction statistics, visit the Bureau of the Census website, on the Internet at http://www.census.gov/pub/const/www/.
7. Federal Reserve Board of Governors, "Summary of Commentary on Current Economic Conditions," The Beige Book: 1999, on the Internet at http:// www.federalreserve.gov/FOMC/BeigeBook/1999/19990811/default.htm.
8. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/csxhome.htm.
9. Bureau of the Census, on the Internet at http://www.census.gov/pub/ const/www/.
10. All of manufacturing activity falls into 1 of 20 manufacturing industries defined at the two-digit level of aggregation in the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system.
11. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, industry productivity statistics, on the Internet at http://stats.bls.gov/iprhome.htm.
12. Federal Reserve Board, "Table 2A: Industrial production: Industry groups, not seasonally adjusted," Federal Reserve Statistical Release, January 1986 to present, on the Internet at http://www.bog.frb.fed.us/releases/G17/ ipdisk/ip.nsa (visited June 9, 2000).
13. U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, table 2: U.S. trade in goods, 1972-1999, on the Internet at http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/ industry/otea/usfth/aggregate/H99t03.txt (visited June 9, 2000).
14. "Greenspan remarks make global scope of economic crisis official; Government no longer denies impact on U.S. of Asian downturn," The Baltimore Sun, Sept. 6, 1998, p. 11A.
15. National Association of Manufacturers, "NAM Board of Directors urging Congress to fund the IMF," NAM Issue Information, on the Internet at http://www.nam.org/Search/DetailIssue.asp?ID=230& Type=NamTrak (visited June 7, 2000).
16. For more information, see the American Iron and Steel Institute website, on the Internet at http://www.steel.org/.
17. This figure is computed using annual average data for 1993-98. Data are computed from 1993 through 1998 annual averages because that period captures the positive growth trend in electronic and other electrical equipment.
18. William C. Goodman and Timothy D. Consedine, "Job growth slows during crisis overseas," Monthly Labor Review, February 1999, pp. 3-23; see pp. 4-5 and p. 8, table 3.
19. U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, Office of Computers and Business Equipment, on the Internet at http://exportit.ita.doc.gov/.
20. Lauren A. Murray, "Unraveling employment trends in textiles and apparel," Monthly Labor Review, August 1995, pp. 62-72.
21. See Goodman and Consedine, "Job growth slows," p. 5.
22. Ron Hetrick, "Employment in high-tech defense-industries in a post cold war era," Monthly Labor Review, August 1996, pp. 57-63.
23. Federal Reserve Board of Governors, "Summary of Commentary on Current Economic Conditions," The Beige Book: 1999, on the Internet at http://www.federalreserve.gov/FOMC/BeigeBook/1999/ 19990811/default.htm.
24. Mary Ellen Lloyd, "Furniture makers struggling to meet demand," The Wall Street Journal, Apr. 28, 1998.
25. Transportation in the United States: A Review (U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Washington, DC, 1997).
26. The Role of the National Highway System Connectors: Industry Context and Issues (Prepared for U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Prepared by A. Strauss-Wieder, Inc., February 1999).
27. Cynthia Engel, "Competition drives the trucking industry," Monthly Labor Review, April 1998, pp. 34-41.
28. Commercial Vehicle Fleet Management and Information Systems, Technical Memorandum 3, ITS Fleet Management and Technology Guide (U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, May 1997).
29. For more information, see Dominic Toto, "Job growth in television: cable versus broadcast, 1958-99," Monthly Labor Review, August 2000, pp. 3-14.
30. Trends in Telephone Service (Industry Analysis Division, Common Carrier Bureau, Federal Communications Commission, March 2000).
31. David McDermott, "Employment and other trends in the electric services industry," Monthly Labor Review, September 1999, pp. 3-8.
32. Laura Freeman, "Job creation and the emerging home computer market," Monthly Labor Review, August 1996, pp. 46-56.
33. Eric Newburger, "Computer use in the United States," Current Population Reports, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, September 1999, on the Internet at http://www.census.gov/prod/ 99pubs/p20-522.pdf (visited March 28, 2000).
34. Bureau of the Census, annual retail sales figures, Department of Commerce, "Table 2: Estimated total annual retail sales: 1986 through 1999," on the Internet at http://www.census.gov/svsd/retlann/view/ artssal.txt (visited December 13, 2000.)
35. Bureau of the Census, Retail e-commerce sales in third quarter 2000, Department of Commerce, "Estimate quarterly U.S. retail sales: total and e-commerce," on the Internet at http://www.census.gov/ mrts/www/current.html (visited June 5, 2000).
36. Evan Ramstad and J.C. Conklin, "Retailers offer parties and perks to lure scare holiday help," The Wall Street Journal, Nov. 29, 1999, pp. B2-3.
37. Louise Lee, "More closings in store for retailers in '96," The Wall Street Journal, Dec. 27, 1995.
38. Teri Agins, "Cheapskate Chic," The Wall Street Journal, June 11, 1999, W1.
39. Ibid.
40. Laura Freeman, "Job creation," pp. 46-56.
41. Bureau of the Census, annual retail sales, on the Internet at http:/ /www.census.gov/svsd/retlann/view/artssal.txt (visited June 1, 2000.)
42. Christopher Boyd, "Shopping for new ideas supermarkets are reinvented for convenience," Sun-Sentinel, July 10, 1999, p. C9.
43. Teresa L. Morisi, "Commercial banking transformed by computer technology," Monthly Labor Review, August 1996, pp. 30-36.
44. Jonathon D. Glater and Frank Swoboda, "Taking a bite out of bank jobs; the quest for convenience and lower costs, ATMS eat into services provided by tellers," The Washington Post, July 10, 1995, p. 1F.
45. Angela Clinton, "Flexible labor: restructuring the American work force," Monthly Labor Review, August 1997, pp. 3-17.
46. Teresa L. Morisi, "Commercial banking," pp. 30-36.
47. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Productivity, "Indexes of output per employee, all published three-digit industries," on the Internet at ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/opt/dipts/oae3din.txt (visited March 24, 1999).
48. Jonathan Weil, "Financial-sector jobs rise, but little thanks to banks," The Wall Street Journal, Sept. 8, 1999, p. T1.
49. Virginia Churn, "Good times rolling on, official says mortgage banking leader expects 1999 to be 'the second best year,'" Richmond Times-Dispatch, Feb. 7, 1999, p. K1.
50. Daniela Deane, "Web used by 37% of house hunters," The Washington Post, May 10, 2000, p. E01.
51. Ianthe Jeanne Dugan, "Surge in margin loans has some economists worried," The Washington Post, Mar. 29, 2000, p. 1A. Many companies such as Merrill Lynch earned record profits during the 1990s; for more information, see the Merrill Lynch website, on the Internet at http://www.ml.com (visited June 22, 2000).
52. For a more complete discussion, see U.S. Department of Labor, Report on the American Workforce, 1999, ch. 1, pp. 5-36.
53. Rick Melchionno, "The changing temporary work force: Managerial, professional, and technical workers in the personnel supply services industry," Occupational Outlook Quarterly, Spring 1999, pp. 24-32.
54. U.S. Department of Labor, Report on the American Workforce, 1999, pp. 18-24.
55. Linda Davidson, "Maximize the return on temp staff investments," Workforce, November 1999, pp. 58-60.
56. Sholnn Freeman," Colleges reel as computer courses swell," The Wall Street Journal, July 1, 1998.
57. Laura Freeman, "Job creation," pp. 46-56.
58. Olivia Crosby, "Working so others can play: Jobs in video game development," Occupational Outlook Quarterly, Summer 2000, pp. 2-13.
59. Plunkert, Lois, "Rapidly growing, high paying service sector industries: the U.S. experience," Entrepreneurship Proceedings of a Joint United States and European Seminar, February 2000, pp. 48-67.
60. Angela Clinton, "Flexible labor: restructuring the American work force," Monthly Labor Review, August 1997, pp. 3-27.
61. Cynthia Engel, "Health services industry: still a job machine?" Monthly Labor Review, March 1999, pp. 3-14.
62. Laura Freeman, "Home-sweet-home health care," Monthly Labor Review, March 1995, pp. 3-11.
63. th Edition) Washington, DC, 1999.
64. Laura A. Kelter, "Counting the counters: effects of Census 2000 on employment," Monthly Labor Review, February 2000, pp. 24-29.
65. Enrollment figures are from the U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, on the Internet at http:// nces.ed.gov/. Enrollment figures for 1999 are projections.
66. See for example, Shu Shin Luh, "Schools to recruit overseas shortages prompt deal with INS," Chicago Sun-Times, Dec. 19, 1999; and Jess McCuan, "Your career matters: You think your recruiting job is tough?" The Wall Street Journal, July 20, 1999.
67. See for example, Shu Shin Luh, "Schools to recruit overseas shortages prompt deal with INS," Chicago Sun-Times, Dec. 19, 1999; and Jess McCuan, "Your career matters: You think your recruiting job is tough?" The Wall Street Journal, July 20, 1999.
68. For a more complete discussion of the long-term decline in average weekly hours see, Katie Kirkland," On the decline in average weekly hours worked," Monthly Labor Review, July 2000, pp. 26-31.