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Volumn 122, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 3-23

Job growth slows during crises overseas

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EID: 0040854103     PISSN: 00981818     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (2)

References (33)
  • 1
    • 0041701368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Unless otherwise noted, the data presented are seasonally adjusted quarterly averages. The changes representing movements in 1998 generally are from the fourth quarter of 1997 to the fourth quarter of 1998. CES data for the fourth quarter of 1998 are preliminary.
  • 2
    • 0041701369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Freddie Mac's records begin in 1971. Comparable earlier records are not available.
  • 3
    • 0041701370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Data representing employment by industry, hours of work, and average pay of production or nonsupervisory workers are from the Bureau's Current Employment Statistics program, which conducts a monthly survey of nearly 400,000 offices, stores, factories, construction sites, and all other types of workplaces except farms, households, and forestry, fishing, hunting, or trapping sites. The sample includes more than a third (36 percent) of the corresponding universe of employment.
  • 4
    • 0041701367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Based on data for 1993, a year with moderate export activity.
  • 5
    • 0043204225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Textile/apparel imports continue to pour in from Asia
    • Aug. 19
    • See Jim Ostroff, "Textile/Apparel Imports Continue to Pour in from Asia," Daily News Record, Aug. 19, 1998; Paula L. Green, "Textile, apparel imports continue to increase," Journal of Commerce, Sept. 23, 1998; and Jim Ostroff, "Yet Again, Textiles Imports Soar," HFN: The Weekly Newspaper for the Home Furnishing Network, Aug. 3, 1998.
    • (1998) Daily News Record
    • Ostroff, J.1
  • 6
    • 0042703117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Textile, apparel imports continue to increase
    • Sept. 23
    • See Jim Ostroff, "Textile/Apparel Imports Continue to Pour in from Asia," Daily News Record, Aug. 19, 1998; Paula L. Green, "Textile, apparel imports continue to increase," Journal of Commerce, Sept. 23, 1998; and Jim Ostroff, "Yet Again, Textiles Imports Soar," HFN: The Weekly Newspaper for the Home Furnishing Network, Aug. 3, 1998.
    • (1998) Journal of Commerce
    • Green, P.L.1
  • 7
    • 0042703118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yet again, textiles imports soar
    • Aug. 3
    • See Jim Ostroff, "Textile/Apparel Imports Continue to Pour in from Asia," Daily News Record, Aug. 19, 1998; Paula L. Green, "Textile, apparel imports continue to increase," Journal of Commerce, Sept. 23, 1998; and Jim Ostroff, "Yet Again, Textiles Imports Soar," HFN: The Weekly Newspaper for the Home Furnishing Network, Aug. 3, 1998.
    • (1998) HFN: The Weekly Newspaper for the Home Furnishing Network
    • Ostroff, J.1
  • 8
    • 0043204227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Care Finance Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    • The information that follows is compiled from the website of the Health Care Finance Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (http://www.HCFA.gov).
  • 9
    • 0040473388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveys find more employers relying on staffing firms
    • September/October
    • "Surveys Find More Employers Relying on Staffing Firms," SI Review, September/October 1998, p. 42. See also, for example, Chris Olson, "Firms Peg Labor Shortage as Top Woe," Omaha World-Herald, Nov. 13, 1998. The latter article typifies newspaper accounts on the subject.
    • (1998) SI Review , pp. 42
  • 10
    • 0042201842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Firms peg labor shortage as top woe
    • Nov. 13
    • "Surveys Find More Employers Relying on Staffing Firms," SI Review, September/October 1998, p. 42. See also, for example, Chris Olson, "Firms Peg Labor Shortage as Top Woe," Omaha World-Herald, Nov. 13, 1998. The latter article typifies newspaper accounts on the subject.
    • (1998) Omaha World-Herald
    • Olson, C.1
  • 11
    • 0043204222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The producer price index for domestic crude petroleum is from the Office of Prices and Living Conditions of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
  • 12
    • 24544439107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World's oil glut is fueling perilous times in Oklahoma
    • Jan. 19
    • Lois Romano, "World's Oil Glut Is Fueling Perilous Times in Oklahoma," The Washington Post, Jan. 19, 1999, p. A3.
    • (1999) The Washington Post
    • Romano, L.1
  • 13
    • 0010010928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bureau of the Census, May, Appendix A
    • The value of construction put in place, estimated by the Bureau of the Census, "is a measure of the value of construction installed or erected at . . . [a] site during a given period," including the cost of materials installed or erected, the cost of labor, profit, and other costs. (See Value of Construction Put in Place (Bureau of the Census, May 1998), Appendix A; quote from p. A1.)
    • (1998) Value of Construction Put in Place
  • 14
    • 0042703115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life insurance sales fall as U.S. society changes
    • Sept. 10
    • Joseph B. Treaster, "Life insurance sales fall as U.S. society changes," Denver Post, Sept. 10, 1998. See also Michael Nol, "Variable-annuity boom spurred AIG bid // Retirement: The investments are the fastest-growing segment of the life insurance business," The Orange County Register, Aug. 21, 1998.
    • (1998) Denver Post
    • Treaster, J.B.1
  • 15
    • 0041701364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variable-annuity boom spurred AIG bid // retirement: The investments are the fastest-growing segment of the life insurance business
    • Aug. 21
    • Joseph B. Treaster, "Life insurance sales fall as U.S. society changes," Denver Post, Sept. 10, 1998. See also Michael Nol, "Variable-annuity boom spurred AIG bid // Retirement: The investments are the fastest-growing segment of the life insurance business," The Orange County Register, Aug. 21, 1998.
    • (1998) The Orange County Register
    • Michael, N.1
  • 16
  • 17
    • 0010220303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Education Statistics, table 2.
    • Projections of Education Statistics to 2008 (National Center for Education Statistics, 1998), table 2. Enrollments for 1997 and 1998 are projected.
    • (1998) Projections of Education Statistics to 2008
  • 18
    • 0041701361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will the real education candidate please stand up?
    • Oct. 21
    • Robert C. Johnston, "Will the Real Education Candidate Please Stand Up?" Education Week, Oct. 21, 1998, pp. 26-31.
    • (1998) Education Week , pp. 26-31
    • Johnston, R.C.1
  • 19
    • 24544442873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Californians' favorite subject: A school's overhaul
    • Nov. 24
    • See William Booth, "Californians' Favorite Subject: A School's Overhaul," The Washington Post, Nov. 24, 1998, pp. A1, A4; and Johnston, "Real Education Candidate," p. 31.
    • (1998) The Washington Post
    • Booth, W.1
  • 20
    • 0043204224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See William Booth, "Californians' Favorite Subject: A School's Overhaul," The Washington Post, Nov. 24, 1998, pp. A1, A4; and Johnston, "Real Education Candidate," p. 31.
    • Real Education Candidate , pp. 31
    • Johnston1
  • 22
    • 0043204221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisions in the current population survey effective January 1998
    • February 1998 issue
    • The Current Population Survey (CPS), a nationwide sample survey conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the Bureau of the Census, provides information about the demographic characteristics and employment status of the noninstitutional population aged 16 and older. The estimates of employment and over-the-year employment growth from the CPS differ from those obtained from the CES survey because of conceptual and methodological differences between the two surveys. (For an overview of these differences, see box on p. 4.) Unless otherwise noted, "over-the-year change" refers to the change from the fourth quarter of 1997 to the fourth quarter of 1998. Beginning in January 1998, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1997 and earlier years because of the introduction of new composite estimation procedures and the revision of the population controls used in the household survey. Where applicable, estimates of over-the-year change have been adjusted to account for the break in the series. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1998" in the February 1998 issue of Employment and Earnings.
    • Employment and Earnings
  • 23
    • 0042703112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Direct comparisons prior to January 1994 are not recommended, because changes to the questionnaire resulted in an increase in the estimated number of people working part time.
  • 24
    • 0041701363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Percentages will not sum to 100, because of the exclusion of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), whose percentages are not shown separately.
  • 25
    • 0010764087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature of employment growth, 1989-95
    • June
    • Individual cells of a matrix depicting major occupation by major industry were ranked in descending order by median weekly earnings of all wage and salary workers in 1996. These cells were then grouped into three categories - highest, middle, and lowest earnings - that each accounted for approximately one-third of total employment in 1996. An employment time series for each occupation-industry cell from January 1996 to December 1998 was developed, and data for each cell were sorted into the appropriate earnings group. For a more detailed explanation of the nature of job growth and a complete discussion of the methodology used in the analysis, see Randy E. Ilg, "The nature of employment growth, 1989-95," Monthly Labor Review, June 1996, pp. 29-36.
    • (1996) Monthly Labor Review , pp. 29-36
    • Ilg, R.E.1
  • 26
    • 0041701366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey; beginning in January 1998, data reflect the new composite estimation procedure. Data were not adjusted, because the magnitudes of these changes were nearly offsetting and there were no adjustments available for the separate series.
  • 27
    • 0042201841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The monthly time-series data that were used were independently seasonally adjusted and do not sum to the total-employment figures.
  • 28
    • 0041701362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Only those specific occupation-industry groups that supplied a large proportion of the employment growth or decline are presented. For a complete list of the occupation-industry cells, see Ilg, "Nature of employment growth." Data used in the analysis presented in the current article are annual averages that have been ranked according to earnings of all wage and salary workers in 1996 and divided into equal employment groups on the basis of 1996 total employment. Therefore, because of the new ranking order, a certain number of specific occupation-industry cells may now be included in earnings groups other than those in which they originally appeared in the 1996 published research. The source of both the annual average employment data and the earnings data used in this analysis is the Current Population Survey.
    • Nature of Employment Growth
    • Ilg1
  • 29
    • 0042201837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • As of October 1998, the current business expansion reached 92 months of uninterrupted growth, equaling the previous longest peacetime expansion that began in November 1982 and ended in June 1990, according to the Bureau of Economic Research.
  • 30
    • 0040815398 scopus 로고
    • BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures
    • October
    • For additional information, see John E. Bregger and Steven E. Haugen, "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," Monthly Labor Review, October 1995, pp. 19-26. Two of the alternative measures, U-1 and U-2, are excluded from our analysis because they focus on the duration of unemployment and reasons for unemployment, which have just been discussed.
    • (1995) Monthly Labor Review , pp. 19-26
    • Bregger, J.E.1    Haugen, S.E.2
  • 31
    • 0042703113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Both the nonfarm employment estimates and the labor force estimates are the sum of State estimates and are not intended to add up to national totals.
  • 32
    • 0041701365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Labor force estimates for census regions and divisions were converted to sums of State model-based estimates beginning with January 1998 data.
  • 33
    • 0042703116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The CPI-W is used for the adjustment.


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