Physiological Background of Heart Rate Variability: Do We Understand it Better?

Cardiac Electrophysiology Review

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 274-278

  Pagani, Massimo ^a   Lucini, Daniela ^b   Montano, Nicola ^b   Porta, Alberto ^b   Malliani, Alberto ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001731975     PISSN: 13852264     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1009967918072     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Penaz J. Mayer waves: History and methodology. Automedica 1978;2:135-141.
2. Sayers B McA. Analysis of heart rate variability. Economics 1973;16:17-32.
3. Koepchen HP. History of studies and concepts of blood pressure waves. Mechanism of Blood Pressure Waves. Tokio/ Berlin: Japan Science Society Press/Springer-Verlag, 1984: 3-23.
4. Akselrod S, Gordon D, Ubel FA, Shannon DC, Cohen RJ. Power spectrum analysis of heart rate fluctuation: A quantitative probe of beat-to-beat cardiovascular control. Science. 1981;213:220-222.
5. Pagani M, Lombardi F, Guzzetti S, Rimoldi O, Furlan R, Pizzinelli P, Sandrome G, Malfatto G, Dell'Orto S, Piccaluga E, Turiel M, Baselli G, Cerutti S, Malliani A. Power spectral analysis of heart rate and arterial pressure variabilities as a marker of sympathovagal interaction in man and conscious dog. Circ Res 1986;58:178-193.
6. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North America Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability. Standard of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Circulation 1996;93: 1043-1065.
7. Eckberg DL. Sympathovagal balance: a critical appraisal. Circulation 1997;96:3224-3232.
8. Malliani A, Pagani M, Montano N, Mela GS. Sympathovagal balance: A reappraisal. Circulation 1998;98:2640-2644.
9. Pagani M, Montano N, Porta A, Abboud FM, Birkett CL, Somers VK. Relationship between spectral components of cardiovascular variabilities and direct measures of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans. Circulation 1997;95: 1441-1448.
10. Gerstner W, Kreiter KA, Markram H, Herz AVM. Neural codes:Firing rates and beyond. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;94:12740-12741.
11. Grassi G, Esler M. How to assess sympathetic actoivity in humans. J Hypertens 1999;17:719-734.
12. Malliani A. The pattern of sympathovagal Balance explored in the frequency domain. News Physiol Sci 1999;14:111-117.
13. Karemaker JM. Autonomic integration: The physiological basis of cardiovascular variability. J Physiol 1999;517.2:316-316.
14. Berger RD, Saul JP, Cohen RJ. Transfer function analysis of autonomic regulation I: Canine a trial rate response. Am J Physiol 1989;256:H142-H152.
15. Kawada T, Sugimachi M, Shishido T, Miyano H, Sato T, Yoshimura R, Miyashita H, Nakahara T, Alexander J Jr, Sunagawa K. Simultaneous identification of static and dynamic vagosympathetic interactions in regulating heart rate. Am J Physiol 1999;276:R782-R789.
16. Baselli G, Cerutti S, Civardi S, Malliani A, Pagani M. Cardiovascular variability signals: Towards the identification of a closed-loop model of the neural control mechanisms. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1998;35:1033-1046.
17. Baselli G, Cerutti S, Badilini F, Biancardi L, Porta A, Pagani M, Lombardi F, Rimoldi O, Furlan R, Malliani A. Model for the assessment of heart period and arterial pressure variability interactions and respiratory influences. Medical and Biological Engineering & Computing 1994;32:143-152.
18. Sleight P, La Rovere MT, Mortara A, Pinna G, Maestri R, Leuzzi S, Bianchini B, Tavazzi L, Bernardi L. Physiology and pathophysiology of heart rate and blood pressure variability in humans: Is power spectral analysis largely an index of baroreflex gain? Clin Sci 1995;88:103-109.
19. Baselli G, Porta A, Rimoldi O, Pagani M, Cerutti S. Spectral decomposition in multichannel recordings based on multivariate parametric identification. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1997;44:1092-1101.
20. Pagani M, Somers VK, Furlan R, Dell'Orto S, Conway J, Baselli G, Cerutti S, Sleight P, Malliani A. Changes in autonomic regulation induced physical training in mild hypertension. Hypertension 1988;12:600-610.
21. Desai TH, Collins JC, Snell M, Mosqueda-Garcia R. Modeling of arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of heart rate. Am J Physiol 1997;272:H2343-H2352.
22. Lucini D, Porta A, Malliani A, Baselli G, Pagani M. Assessment of arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflex gain from simultaneous recordings of cardiovascular and pulmonary variability. J Hypertens 1999;17(Pt 1):88.
23. Guzzetti S, Signorini MG, Cogliati C, Mezzetti S, Porta A, Cerutti S, Malliani A. Non-linear dynamics and chaotic indexes in heart rate variability of normal subjects and heart-transplanted patients. Cardiovasc Res 1996;31:441-446.
24. Porta A, Baselli G, Montano N, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, Lombardi F, Malliani A, Cerutti S. Classification of coupling patterns among spontaneous rhythms and ventilation in the sympathetic discharge of decerebrate cats. Biol Cybern 1996;75:163-172.
25. Pincus SM. Approximated entropy (ApEn) as a complexity measure. Chaos 1995;5:110-117.
26. Porta A, Baselli G, Liberati D, Montano N, Cogliati C, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, Malliani A, Cerutti S. Measuring regularity by means of a corrected conditional entropy in sympathetic outflow. Biol Cybern 1998;78:71-78.
27. Porta A, Baselli G, Lombardi F, Montano N, Malliani A, Cerutti S. Conditional entropy approach for the evaluation of the coupling strength. Biol Cybern 1999 (In press).
28. Jasson S, Médigue C, Maison-Blance P, Montano N, Meyer L, Verneiren C, Mansier P, Coumel P, Malliani A, Swynghedau W. Instant power spectrum analyisis of heart rate variability during orthostatic tilt using a time-frequency-domain method. Circulation 1997;96:3521-3526.
29. Furlan R, Piazza S, Dell'Orto S, Barbic F, Bianchi A, Mainardi L, Cerutti S, Pagani M, Malliani A. Cardiac autonomic patterns preceding occasional vasovagal reactions in healthy humans. Circulation 1998;98:1756-1761.
30. Ho KKL, Moody GB, Peng CK, Mietus JF, Larson MG, Levy D, Goldberger AL. Predicting survival in heart failure case and control subjects by use of fully automated methods for deriving non linear and conventional indices of heart rate dynamics. Circulation 1997;96:842-848.
31. Schmidt G, Malik M, Barthel P, Schneider R, Ulm K, Rolnitsky L, Camm AJ, Bigger JT Jr, Schomig A. Heart-rate turbulence after ventricular premature beats as a predictor of mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1999; 353:1390-1396.
32. Huikuri HV, Makikallio TH, Airaksinen KE, Seppanen T, Puukka P, Raiha IJ, Sourander LB. Power-law relationship of heart rate variability as a predictor of mortality in the elderly. Circulation 1998;97:2031-2036.
33. Parati G, DiRienzo M, Ulian L, Santucciu C, Girard A, Elghozi JL, Mancia G. Clinical relevance blood pressure variability. J Hypertens 1998;16:S25-S33.
34. Bernardi L, Valle F, Coco M, Calciati A, Sleight P. Physical activity influences heart rate variability and very-low-frequency components in Holter electrocardiograms. Cardiovasc Res 1996;32:234-237.
35. Cameron JD, McGrath BP. Spectral analysis of blood pressure: Is it pointing in a useful direction? Clin Sci 1999;97: 253-254.
36. Malliani A, Pagani M, Lombardi F, Cerutti S. Cardiovascular neural regulation explored in the frequency domain. Circulation 1991;84:482-492.
37. Schwarz PJ, Pagani M, Lombardi F, Malliani A, Brown AM. A cardio-cardiac sympatho-vagal reflex in the cat. Circ Res 1997;32:215-221.
38. Pagani M, Pizzinelli P, Furlan R, Guzzetti S, Rimoldi O, Sandrone G, Malliani A. Analysis of the pressor sympathetic reflex produced by intracoronary injections of breadykinin in conscious dogs. Circ Res 1985;56:175-183.
39. Azevedo ER, Parker JD. Parasympathetic control of cardiac sympathetic activity. Normal vetricular function versus congestive heart failure. Circulation 1999;100:274-279.
40. Malik M, Camm JA. Components of heart rate variability - What they really mean and what we really measure. Am J Card 1993;72:821-822.
41. Uechi M, Asai K, Osaka M, Smith A, Sato N, Wagner TE, Ishikawa Y, Hayakawa H, Vatner DE, Shannon RP, Homey CJ, Vatner SF. Depressed heart rate variability and arterial baroreflex in conscious transgenic mice with overexpression of cardiac Gsalpha. Circ Res 1998;82:416-423.
42. Nakata A, Takata S, Yuasa T, Shimakura A, Maruyama M, Nagai H, Sakagami S, Kobayashi KI. Spectral analysis of heart rate, arterial pressure, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in normal humans. Am J Physiol 274; Heart Circ Physiol 43'98:H1211-H1217.
43. Stauss HM, Anderson EA, Haynes WG, Kregel KC. Frequency response characteristics of sympathetically medited vasomotor waves in humans. Am J Physiol 274; Heart Circ Physiol 43'98:H1277-H1283.
44. Bailey JR, Fitzgerald DM, Applegate RJ. Effects of constant cardiac autonomic nerve stimulation on heart rate variability. Am J Physiol 270; Heart Circ Physiol 39'96: H2081-H2087.
45. Taylor JA, Williams TD, Seals DR, Davy KP. Low-frequency arterial pressure fluctuations do not reflect sympathetic outflow: gender and age differences. Am J Physiol 274; Heart Circ Physiol 43'98:H1194-H1201.
46. Cooley RL, Montano N, Cogliati C, van De Borne P, Richenbacher W, Oren R, Somers VK. Evidence for a central origin of the low frequency oscillation in RR-interval variability. Circulation 1998;98:556-561.
47. O'Leary DS, Woodbury DJ. Role of cardiac output in mediating arterial blood pressure oscillations. Am J Physiol 271; Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 40'96:R641-R646.
48. Montano N, Cogliati C, Porta A, Pagani M, Malliani A, Narkiewicz K, Abboud FM, Birkett C, Somers VK. Central vagotonic effects of atropine modulate spectral oscillations of sympathetic nerve activity. Circulation 1998;98(14): 1394-1399.
49. Bajwa A, Hollerbach S, Kamath MV, Upton ARM, Fitzpatrick D, Fallen EL, Tougas G. Neurocardiac response to esophageal electric stimulation in humans: Effects of varying stimulation frequencies. Am J Physiol 272; Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 41'97:R896-R901.
50. Montano N, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, Porta A, Lombardi F, Pagani M, Malliani A. Power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability to assess the changes in sympathovagal balance during graded orthostatic tilt. Circulation 1994;90:1826-1831.
51. Cooke WH, Hoag JB, Crossman AA, Kuusela TA, Tahvanainen KUO, Eckberg DL. Human responses to upright tilt: A window on central autonomic integration. J Physiol 1999;517.2:617-628.
52. Furlan R, Porta A, Costa F, Tank J, Baker L, Schiavi R, Robertson DMS, Malliani A, Mosqueda-Garcia R. Oscillatory patterns in sympathetic neural discharge and cardiovascular variables during orthostatic stimulus. Circulation (accepted for publication).
53. Van de Borne P, Montano N, Narkiewicz K, Degaute JP, Oren R, Pagani M, Somers VK. Sympathetic rythmicity in cardiac traansplant recipients. Circulation 1999;12:1606-1610.
54. Van de Borne P, Montano N, Pagani M, Oren R, Somers VK. Absence of low-frequency variability of sympathetic nerve activity in severe heart failure. Circulation 1997;95:1449-1454.
55. Rimoldi O, Sato N, Uechi M, Shen YT, Pagani M. Role of cardiac and baroreceptor innervation on changing sympatho-vagal balance at baseline and during the development of cardiac heart failure. Circulation 1996;94(Suppl):C1911.
56. Guzzetti S, Cogliati C, Turiel M, Crema C, Lombardi F, Malliani A. Sympathetic predominance followed by functional denervation in the progression of chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 1995;16(8):1100-1107.
57. Lucini D, Covacci G, Milani R, Mela GS, Malliani A, Pagani M. A controlled study of the effects of mental relaxation on autonomic excitatory responses in healthy subjects. Psychosom Med 1997;59(5):541-552.
58. Malliani A, Pagani M, Furlan R, Guzzetti S, Lucini D, Montano N, Cerutti S, Mela GS. Individual recognition by heart rate variability of two different autonomic profiles related to posture. Circulation 1997;96(12):4143-4145.
59. Montano N, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, Porta A, Lombardi F., Malliani A, Barman SM. Presence of vasomotor and respiratory rhythms in the discharge of single medullary neurons involved in the regulation of cardiovascular system. J Auton Nerv Sys 1996;57:116-122.