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No deformable substrate material is included in the present model. The purpose here is to explore the general trend on how the interconnect geometry affects the stress evolution in Al lines. Calculations, however, were also made on systems of passivated Al lines on a Si substrate (with the Si thickness at least two orders of magnitude greater than any of the dimensions in Fig. 1). Similar stress magnitudes in Al lines were found, and their variations with the line geometry were consistent with the numerical results presented here.
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