Biological X-ray microanalysis: The past, present practices, and future prospects

Microscopy and Microanalysis

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 211-219

  Echlin, Patrick ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b Cambridge Analytical Microscopy   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Analytical procedures; Biological samples; Low temperatures; Low voltage; Sample preparation; X ray microanalysis

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001444463     PISSN: 14319276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Appleton TC (1972) Dry ultrathin frozen sections for electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis. Micron 3:101-105
2. Echlin P (1992) Low Temperature Microscopy and Analysis. New York: Plenum Press
3. Echlin P (1999a) Low-voltage energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis of bulk biological materials. Microsc Microanal 4:577-584
4. Echlin P (1999b) Low voltage energy dispersive microanalysis of bulk organic materials. In: Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 5, Suppl 2, Proceedings: Microscopy & Microanalysis '99, Portland, Oregon, August 1-5, 1999, New York: Springer-Verlag, pp 312-313
5. Echlin P (1999c) Minimally invasive energy dispersive analytical spectroscopy (MIDAS). The golden touch for the in situ x-ray microanalysis of bulk bioorganic samples. In: Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 5, Suppl 2, Proceedings: Microscopy & Microanalysis '99, Portland, Oregon, August 1-5, 1999, New York: Springer-Verlag, pp 574-575
6. Echlin P, Paden R, Dronzek B, Wayte R (1970) Scanning electron microscopy of labile biological material maintained under controlled conditions. Scanning Electron Microsc 1:49-56
7. Grignon N, Jeusset J, Lebeau E, Moro C, Gojon A, Fragu J (1999) SIMS localized measurements of the isotopic ratio. J Trace Microprobe Tech 17:477-490
8. N15 labelling in Arabidopsis thaliana. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Brussels, September 5-10, 1999 (in press)
9. Hall TA (1968) Some aspects of the microprobe analysis of biological specimens. In: Quantitative Electron Probe Microanalysis, Heinrich KFJ (ed). Washington DC: Department of Commerce National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 298, pp 269-299
10. Hall TA (1979) Biological x-ray microanalysis. J Microsc 117:145-163
11. Ingram P, Shelburne JD, Roggli V, Lefurgey A (1999) Principles and instrumentation. In: Biomedical Applications of Microprobe Analysis. San Diego: Academic Press, pp 1-57
12. Joy DC (1998) The efficiency of x-ray production at low energies. J Microsc 191:74-82
13. Joy DC, Joy SS (1996) Low voltage scanning electron microscopy. Micron 27:247-263
14. Leapman R, Hunt JA (1991) Comparison of detection limits for EELS and EDXS. Micro Microanal Microstruct 2:231
15. Leapman R, Rizzo NW (1999) Towards single atom analysis of biological structures. Ultramicroscopy 78:251-268
16. Marshall AT, Xu W (1998) Quantitative elemental x-ray imaging of frozen hydrated biological samples. J Microsc 190:305-316
17. Moreton RB, Echlin P, Gupta BF, Hall TA, Weis-Fogh T (1974) Preparation of frozen hydrated tissue sections for x-ray microanalysis in the scanning electron microscope. Nature 247:113-115
18. Schultz M, Wendt-Gallitelli MF (1998) Improved quantitative electron probe microanalysis of biological cryosections using an EDS germanium detector and a super-atmosphere thin window (ATW). J Microsc 190:293-297
19. Somlyo AP (1998) The impact of biological microanalysis on analytical electron microscopy. In: Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 4, Suppl 2, Proceedings: Microscopy & Microanalysis '98, Atlanta, Georgia, July 12-16, 1998, New York: Springer-Verlag, pp 170-171
20. Taylor CP, Weber ML, Gaughan L, Lehning EJ, LoPachin RM (1999) Oxygen/glucose deprivation in hippocampal slices: altered intraneuronal elemental composition predicts structural and functional damage. J Neurosci 19:619-629