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See, for instance, special issue of Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 454, 1969 (1998)
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See, for instance, special issue of Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 454, 1969 (1998).
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Of course, there is no problem if one has many pairs in a given state. The difficulty arises when a definitive result must be obtained from a single system
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Of course, there is no problem if one has many pairs in a given state. The difficulty arises when a definitive result must be obtained from a single system.
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While Ref
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While Ref. 6 does contain a method for distinguishing four orthogonal states, these are states in which two degrees of freedom (polarization and spatial mode) of a single photon are (formally) in an entangled state; the method would not work for the problem considered here, namely, determining the joint polarization Bell state of two photons.
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The down-conversion photon pairs are known to be tightly correlated in time, to within tens of femtoseconds. The underlying time-energy entanglement of the two photons in turn arises from energy conservation; although either of them individually has a large spectral bandwidth, the sum of their energies is essentially a fixed constant, equal to the energy of the pump laser photons
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The down-conversion photon pairs are known to be tightly correlated in time, to within tens of femtoseconds. The underlying time-energy entanglement of the two photons in turn arises from energy conservation; although either of them individually has a large spectral bandwidth, the sum of their energies is essentially a fixed constant, equal to the energy of the pump laser photons.
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One would thus need a quartz slab (Formula presented) thick to obtain sufficient birefringence. Alternatively, one could simply separate the (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) polarizations by a polarizing beam splitter, delay one polarization along an arm longer than 30 cm, and recombine the beams at a second polarizing beam splitter
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One would thus need a quartz slab (Formula presented) thick to obtain sufficient birefringence. Alternatively, one could simply separate the (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) polarizations by a polarizing beam splitter, delay one polarization along an arm longer than 30 cm, and recombine the beams at a second polarizing beam splitter.
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If adjacent pulses from a mode-locked laser would be used to pump the down-conversion process, then the necessary coherence would be available again, provided (Formula presented) equals the pulse repetition time
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If adjacent pulses from a mode-locked laser would be used to pump the down-conversion process, then the necessary coherence would be available again, provided (Formula presented) equals the pulse repetition time.
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Momentum-entangled states that were not also polarization-entangled have already been observed using down-conversion photons; J. G. Rarity and P. R. Tapster, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 2495 (1990).
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Clearly, one could emulate similar behavior by actually using a network of beam splitters or fiber splitters, directed to an array of standard avalanche photodiodes. For a large number of elements, the chance that two photons would travel to the same detector becomes neglible
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Clearly, one could emulate similar behavior by actually using a network of beam splitters or fiber splitters, directed to an array of standard avalanche photodiodes. For a large number of elements, the chance that two photons would travel to the same detector becomes neglible.
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