Experimental and theoretical x-ray magnetic-circular-dichroism study of the magnetic properties of thin films

Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics

Volumn 62, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 1157-1166

  Grange, W ^a   Galanakis, I ^a   Alouani, M ^a   Maret, M ^a   Kappler, J ^b  

^a INSTITUT DE PHYSIQUE ET CHIMIE DES MATÉRIAUX DE STRASBOURG   (France)

^b SYNCHROTRON SOLEIL   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001293327     PISSN: 10980121     EISSN: 1550235X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.1157     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. P. W. Rooney, A. L. Shapiro, M. Q. Tran, and F. Hellman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1843 (1995).
2. M. Maret, M. C. Cadeville, R. Poinsot, A. Herr, E. Baurepaire, and C. Monier, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 166, 45 (1997).
3. C. Meneghini, M. Maret, M. C. Cadeville, and J. L. Hazemann, J. Phys. IV Colloq. 7, C2-1115 (1997).
4. E. Beaurepaire, M. Maret, V. Halté, J.-C. Merle, A. Daunois, and J.-Y. Bigot, Phys. Rev. B 58, 12 134 (1998).
5. P. Eurin and J. Pauleve, IEEE Trans. Magn. 5, 216 (1969).
6. D. Weller, J. Stöhr, R. Nakajima, A. Carl, M. G. Samant, C. Chappert, R. Mégy, P. Beauvillain, P. Veillet, and G. A. Held, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3752 (1995).
7. J. Stöhr, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 75, 253 (1995).
8. H. Ebert, Rep. Prog. Phys. 59, 1665 (1996).
9. M. Alouani, J. M. Wills, and J. W. Wilkins, Phys. Rev. B 57, 9502 (1998).
10. G. Schütz, M. Knülle, R. Wienke, W. Wilhelm, W. Wagner, P. Kienle, R. Zeller, and R. Frahm, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 75, 495 (1989).
11. C. Brouder and M. Hikam, Phys. Rev. B 43, 3809 (1991).
12. C. Brouder, M. Alouani, and K. H. Bennemann, Phys. Rev. B 54, 7334 (1996).
13. G. Y. Guo, Phys. Rev. B 57, 10 295 (1998).
14. A. L. Ankudinov and J. J. Rehr, Phys. Rev. B 56, 1712 (1997).
15. A. L. Ankudinov, B. Ravel, J. J. Rehr, and S. Conradson, Phys. Rev. B 58, 7565 (1998).
16. G. van der Laan and B. T. Thole, Phys. Rev. B 43, 13 401 (1991).
17. G. R. Harp, D. Weller, T. A. Rabedeau, R. F. C. Farrow, and R. F. Marks, in “Magnetic Ultrathin Films-Multilayers and Surfaces,” Interfaces, and Characterization, edited by B. T. Jonker et al., MRS Synposia Proceedings No. 313 (Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1993), p. 493.
18. V. Gehanno, A. Marty, B. Gilles, and Y. Samson, Phys. Rev. B 55, 12 552 (1997).
19. H. Miyajima and K. Sato, J. Appl. Phys. 47, 4669 (1976).
20. B. T. Thole, P. Carra, F. Sette, and G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1943 (1992).
21. P. Carra, B. T. Thole, M. Altarelli, and X. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 694 (1993).
22. C. T. Chen, Y. U. Idzerda, H.-J. Lin, N. V. Smith, G. Meigs, E. Chaban, G. H. Ho, E. Pellegrin, and F. Sette, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 152 (1995).
23. R. Wu and A. J. Freeman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1994 (1994).
24. From the beginning of 1960s, numerous theoretical and experimental studies have outlined the possible connection between the anisotropy of the magnetization and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy [see P. Escudier, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 9, 125 (1975) for an exhaustive bibliography]. However, the first relation between MCA and the different relevant physical parameters that govern MCA (namely, the spin-orbit coupling, the orbital magnetic moment, and the crystal field) was derived by Bruno in 1989 (Ref. 28).
25. P. Bruno, Phys. Rev. B 39, 865 (1989).
26. B. Újfalussy, L. Szunyogh, P. Bruno, and P. Weinberger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 1805 (1996).
27. O. Hjortstam, K. Baberschke, J. M. Wills, B. Johansson, and O. Eriksson, Phys. Rev. B 55, 15 026 (1997).
28. A. N. Anisimov, M. Farle, P. Poulopoulos, W. Platow, K. Baberschke, P. Isberg, R. Wäppling, A. M. N. Niklasson, and O. Eriksson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2390 (1999).
29. D. S. Wang, R. Wu, and A. J. Freeman, Phys. Rev. B 47, 14 932 (1989).
30. G. van der Laan, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 10, 3239 (1998).
31. J. Goulon, N. B. Brookes, C. Gauthier, J. B. Goedkoop, C. Goulon-Ginet, M. Hagelstein, and A. Rogalev, Physica B 208&209, 199 (1995).
32. N. Drescher, G. Snell, U. Kleineberg, H.-J. Stock, N. Müller, U. Heinzmann, and N. B. Brookes, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 1939 (1997).
33. W. Grange, M. Maret, J.-P Kappler, J. Vogel, A. Fontaine, F. Petroff, G. Krill, A. Rogalev, J. Goulon, M. Finazzi, and N. B. Brookes, Phys. Rev. B 58, 6298 (1998).
34. G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. B 57, 5250 (1998).
35. One should keep in mind that the real situation is more complicated since, in principle, we cannot treat separately the contribution of the Co and Pt electrons to the MCA. It is, however, clear that the appearance of a chemical long-range order will increase the value of the MCA [L. Néel, J. Phys. Radium 4, 15 (1954)].
36. L. Varga, C. Giles, C. Neumann, A. Rogalev, C. Malgrange, J. Goulon, and F. de Bergevin, J. Phys. IV 7, C2-309 (1997).
37. J. Vogel, A. Fontaine, V. Cross, F. Petroff, J.-P. Kappler, G. Krill, A. Rogalev, and J. Goulon, Phys. Rev. B 55, 3663 (1997).
38. J. M. Wills and B. R. Cooper, Phys. Rev. B 36, 3809 (1987).
39. Phys. Rev. BM. Alouani and J. M. Wills, 54, 2480 (1996);J. Wills, O. Eriksson, M. Alouani, and D. L. Price, Electronic Structure and Physical Properties of Solids: The Uses of the LMTO Method, edited by Hugues Dreyssé, Lecture Notes in Phyiscs (Springer, New York, 2000), p. 535.
40. M. Alouani, Phys. Rev. B 49, 16 038 (1994).
41. J. Schwitalla and H. Ebert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4586 (1998).
42. J. Zaanen, G. A. Sawatzky, J. Fink, W. Speier, and J. C. Fuggle, Phys. Rev. B 32, 4905 (1985).
43. U. von Barth and L. Hedin, J. Phys. C 5, 1629 (1972).
44. I. V. Solovyev, P. H. Dederichs, and I. Mertig, Phys. Rev. B 52, 13 419 (1995).
45. A. Sakuma. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 63, 3053 (1994);The LMTO-ASA method used in this paper takes into account only the spherical part of the potential, ignores the interstitial region and treats the spin-orbit coupling in the manner given by Andersen (Ref. 40). Using the force theorem [A.R. Macintosh and O.K. Andersen, Electrons at the Fermi Surface, edited by M. Springfold (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1980)], Sakuma calculated the MCA as a difference between sums of eigenvalues of the Kohn-Sham equations over the occupied states (Formula presented)This way of calculating the MCA does not take explicitly into account the exchange-correlation contributions.
46. Brooks has used a term derived from the atomic theory, (Formula presented) but its use in the case of itinerant electrons is not always sufficient to describe electronic orbital moment [M. S. S. Brooks, Physica B 130, 6 (1985)]. A more sophisticated approach called current and spin-density functional theory (CSDFT) has been developed by Vignale and Rasolt, which treats in the same footing the Kohn-Sham and the Maxwell equations [see
47. G. Vignale and M. Rasolt, Phys. Rev. B 37, 10 685 (1988)]. This formalism is complicated and hence computationally difficult to include in ab initio methods.