메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 146-161

Length of stay in a german psychiatric hospital as a function of patient and organizational characteristics - A multilevel analysis

Author keywords

Hierarchical linear model; Hospital comparison; Length of stay; Risk adjustment

Indexed keywords


EID: 0001264689     PISSN: 10498931     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mpr.65     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (86)
  • 3
    • 0027399137 scopus 로고
    • Length of stay and recidivism in schizophrenia: A study of public psychiatric hospital patients
    • Appleby L, Desai PN, Luchins DJ, Gibbons RD, Hedeker DR. Length of stay and recidivism in schizophrenia: a study of public psychiatric hospital patients. Am J Psychiatry, 1993; 150(1): 72-6.
    • (1993) Am J Psychiatry , vol.150 , Issue.1 , pp. 72-76
    • Appleby, L.1    Desai, P.N.2    Luchins, D.J.3    Gibbons, R.D.4    Hedeker, D.R.5
  • 6
    • 0030816546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of psychosocial and clinical variables on duration of inpatient treatment for depression
    • Barnow S, Linden M, Schaub RT. The impact of psychosocial and clinical variables on duration of inpatient treatment for depression. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1997; 132(6): 312-16.
    • (1997) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol , vol.132 , Issue.6 , pp. 312-316
    • Barnow, S.1    Linden, M.2    Schaub, R.T.3
  • 7
    • 0018222019 scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric rehabilitation and long-term rehospitalization rates: The findings of two research studies
    • Beard JH, Malamud TJ, Rossman E. Psychiatric rehabilitation and long-term rehospitalization rates: the findings of two research studies. Schizophr Bull 1978; 4: 622-35.
    • (1978) Schizophr Bull , vol.4 , pp. 622-635
    • Beard, J.H.1    Malamud, T.J.2    Rossman, E.3
  • 10
    • 0024817491 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosespezifische Krankenhausverweildauern in Schleswig-Holstein
    • Brecht J, Jenke A. Diagnosespezifische Krankenhausverweildauern in Schleswig-Holstein. Soz Praeventivmed 1989; 34: 227-30.
    • (1989) Soz Praeventivmed , vol.34 , pp. 227-230
    • Brecht, J.1    Jenke, A.2
  • 11
    • 84866815193 scopus 로고
    • Auswertung der Krankenhaus-Diagnosestatistik Schleswig-Holsteins, in: Der Bundesminister für Arbeit und Sozialordnung (Hg) Forschungsbericht Gesundheitsforschung Nr. 191, Bonn: Bundesministerium f
    • Brecht J, Jenke A, Becker E, Beske F. Auswertung der Krankenhaus-Diagnosestatistik Schleswig-Holsteins, in: Der Bundesminister für Arbeit und Sozialordnung (Hg) Forschungsbericht Gesundheitsforschung Nr. 191, Bonn: Bundesministerium f. Arbeit, 1990.
    • (1990) Arbeit
    • Brecht, J.1    Jenke, A.2    Becker, E.3    Beske, F.4
  • 12
    • 0027745953 scopus 로고
    • Psychiatrie length of stay determinants in a military medical center
    • Brock IP, Brown GR. Psychiatrie length of stay determinants in a military medical center. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1993; 15(6): 392-8.
    • (1993) Gen Hosp Psychiatry , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 392-398
    • Brock, I.P.1    Brown, G.R.2
  • 15
    • 0026339150 scopus 로고
    • Effects of Budgeting on Health Care Services in Dutch Hospitals
    • Casparie AF, Hoogendoorn D. Effects of Budgeting on Health Care Services in Dutch Hospitals. American Journal of Public Health 1991; 81(11): 1442-7.
    • (1991) American Journal of Public Health , vol.81 , Issue.11 , pp. 1442-1447
    • Casparie, A.F.1    Hoogendoorn, D.2
  • 17
    • 0030864860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the statistical approach to health care provider profiling
    • Christiansen CL, Morris CN. Improving the statistical approach to health care provider profiling. Annals of Internal Medicine, Part 2, 1997; 127: 764-8.
    • (1997) Annals of Internal Medicine, Part 2 , vol.127 , pp. 764-768
    • Christiansen, C.L.1    Morris, C.N.2
  • 18
    • 0029026741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in treatment of psychiatric inpatients
    • Chung H, Mahler JC, Kakuma T. Racial differences in treatment of psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatr Serv 1997; 46(6): 586-91.
    • (1997) Psychiatr Serv , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. 586-591
    • Chung, H.1    Mahler, J.C.2    Kakuma, T.3
  • 19
    • 0030790380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling injury outcomes using time-to-event methods
    • Clark DE, Ryan LM. Modeling injury outcomes using time-to-event methods. J Trauma 1997; 42(6): 1129-34.
    • (1997) J Trauma , vol.42 , Issue.6 , pp. 1129-1134
    • Clark, D.E.1    Ryan, L.M.2
  • 24
    • 0020804223 scopus 로고
    • Use of demographic and clinical characteristics in predicting length of psychiatric hospital stay: A final evaluation
    • Cyr J, Haley G. Use of demographic and clinical characteristics in predicting length of psychiatric hospital stay: a final evaluation. J of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1983; 51(4): 637-640.
    • (1983) J of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 637-640
    • Cyr, J.1    Haley, G.2
  • 26
    • 0026253304 scopus 로고
    • Der Verweildauerrückgang in bundesdeutschen Akutkrankenhäusern zwischen 1980 und 1989 in Abhängigkeit von der Krankenhausgröβe
    • Dinkel RH, Görtier E. Der Verweildauerrückgang in bundesdeutschen Akutkrankenhäusern zwischen 1980 und 1989 in Abhängigkeit von der Krankenhausgröβe. Off Gesundh-Wes 1991; 53: 757-61.
    • (1991) Off Gesundh-Wes , vol.53 , pp. 757-761
    • Dinkel, R.H.1    Görtier, E.2
  • 28
    • 0015693720 scopus 로고
    • Fallacies in using length-of-stay and return rates as measures of success
    • Erickson RG, Paige AB. Fallacies in using length-of-stay and return rates as measures of success. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1973; 24: 559-61.
    • (1973) Hosp Community Psychiatry , vol.24 , pp. 559-561
    • Erickson, R.G.1    Paige, A.B.2
  • 29
    • 0343033525 scopus 로고
    • Zugänglichkeit für alle: Die Bedeutung der geographischen Lage psychiatrischer Krankenhäuser für Aufnahmeraten und Verweildauer
    • Finzen A. Zugänglichkeit für alle: Die Bedeutung der geographischen Lage psychiatrischer Krankenhäuser für Aufnahmeraten und Verweildauer. Nervenarzt 1974; 46: 591-9.
    • (1974) Nervenarzt , vol.46 , pp. 591-599
    • Finzen, A.1
  • 30
    • 0029948845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation among VA hospitals in length of stay for treatment of depression
    • Fortney JC, Booth BM, Smith GR. Variation among VA hospitals in length of stay for treatment of depression. Psychiatr Serv 1996; 47(6): 608-13.
    • (1996) Psychiatr Serv , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 608-613
    • Fortney, J.C.1    Booth, B.M.2    Smith, G.R.3
  • 33
    • 0021925640 scopus 로고
    • Predicting Length of Hospital Stay of Psychiatric Patients
    • Gordon RE, Jardiolin P, Gordon KK. Predicting Length of Hospital Stay of Psychiatric Patients. Am J Psychiatry 1985; 142(2): 235-7.
    • (1985) Am J Psychiatry , vol.142 , Issue.2 , pp. 235-237
    • Gordon, R.E.1    Jardiolin, P.2    Gordon, K.K.3
  • 35
    • 0020084143 scopus 로고
    • The impact of an expanding community mental health service on patterns of bed usage: Evaluation of a four-year period of implementation
    • Hafner H, Klug J. The impact of an expanding community mental health service on patterns of bed usage: Evaluation of a four-year period of implementation. Psychological Medicine 1982; 12: 177-90.
    • (1982) Psychological Medicine , vol.12 , pp. 177-190
    • Hafner, H.1    Klug, J.2
  • 37
    • 0029046486 scopus 로고
    • Confidence interval estimates of an index of quality performance based on logistic regression models
    • Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Confidence interval estimates of an index of quality performance based on logistic regression models. Statistics in Medicine 1995; 14: 2161-72.
    • (1995) Statistics in Medicine , vol.14 , pp. 2161-2172
    • Hosmer, D.W.1    Lemeshow, S.2
  • 39
    • 0029910569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Judging hospitals by severity-adjusted mortality rates: The influence of the severity-adjustment method
    • lezzoni LI, Ash AS, Shwartz M, Daley J, Hughes JS, Mackiernan YD. Judging hospitals by severity-adjusted mortality rates: the influence of the severity-adjustment method. Am J Public Health 1996; 86(10): 1379-87.
    • (1996) Am J Public Health , vol.86 , Issue.10 , pp. 1379-1387
    • Lezzoni, L.I.1    Ash, A.S.2    Shwartz, M.3    Daley, J.4    Hughes, J.S.5    Mackiernan, Y.D.6
  • 42
    • 0029898774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sociologie factors are major determinants of prolonged hospital stay after abdominal aneurysm repair
    • Kaiman PG, Johnston KW. Sociologie factors are major determinants of prolonged hospital stay after abdominal aneurysm repair. Surgery 1996; 119(6): 690-3.
    • (1996) Surgery , vol.119 , Issue.6 , pp. 690-693
    • Kaiman, P.G.1    Johnston, K.W.2
  • 43
    • 0025366210 scopus 로고
    • Predicting length of hospital stay for psychiatric inpatients
    • Kiesler CA, Simpkins C, Morton T. Predicting length of hospital stay for psychiatric inpatients. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1990; 41(2): 149-54.
    • (1990) Hosp Community Psychiatry , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 149-154
    • Kiesler, C.A.1    Simpkins, C.2    Morton, T.3
  • 44
    • 0031593777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basisdokumentation: Die stationäre Versorgung einer Region durch ein Psychiatrisches Krankenhaus und eine psychiatrische Abteilung
    • Kipp J, Kristen R, Kunze H, Schmied H-P, Thies J. Basisdokumentation: Die stationäre Versorgung einer Region durch ein Psychiatrisches Krankenhaus und eine psychiatrische Abteilung. Der Nervenarzt 1998; 69(9): 782-90.
    • (1998) Der Nervenarzt , vol.69 , Issue.9 , pp. 782-790
    • Kipp, J.1    Kristen, R.2    Kunze, H.3    Schmied, H.-P.4    Thies, J.5
  • 45
    • 0025689621 scopus 로고
    • Medically inappropriate inpatient care in West Germany
    • Klar R, Müller U, Schulte Mönting J. Medically inappropriate inpatient care in West Germany. Soz Praeventivmed 1990; 35: 209-12.
    • (1990) Soz Praeventivmed , vol.35 , pp. 209-212
    • Klar, R.1    Müller, U.2    Schulte Mönting, J.3
  • 46
    • 0026695024 scopus 로고
    • Multi-level analysis in epidemiologic research on health behaviours and outcomes
    • Korff MT, Koepsell S, Curry S, Diehr P. Multi-level analysis in epidemiologic research on health behaviours and outcomes. American J of Epidemiology 1993; 135: 1077-82.
    • (1993) American J of Epidemiology , vol.135 , pp. 1077-1082
    • Korff, M.T.1    Koepsell, S.2    Curry, S.3    Diehr, P.4
  • 47
    • 84866820046 scopus 로고
    • Kunze H, Kaltenbach L (eds) PsychiatriePersonalverordnung, Textausgabe mit Materialien und Erläuterungen für die Praxis, 2.
    • Kunze H, Kaltenbach L (eds) PsychiatriePersonalverordnung, Textausgabe mit Materialien und Erläuterungen für die Praxis, 2. Auflage: Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, Berlin, Köln, 1994.
    • (1994) Auflage: Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, Berlin, Köln
  • 49
    • 0342277628 scopus 로고
    • Difficult mentally ill patients: Length of hospitalization in English and French maximum security services
    • Lloyd MG, Benezech M. Difficult mentally ill patients: length of hospitalization in English and French maximum security services. Ann Med Psychol 1994; 152(2): 95-104.
    • (1994) Ann Med Psychol , vol.152 , Issue.2 , pp. 95-104
    • Lloyd, M.G.1    Benezech, M.2
  • 52
    • 0028567295 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and length of psychiatric in-patient stay
    • McCrone P, Phelan M. Diagnosis and length of psychiatric in-patient stay. Psychol. Medicine 1994; 24(4): 1025-30.
    • (1994) Psychol. Medicine , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 1025-1030
    • McCrone, P.1    Phelan, M.2
  • 53
    • 0025032560 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting length of stay in a psychiatric intensive care unit
    • Michalon M, Richman A. Factors affecting length of stay in a psychiatric intensive care unit. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1990; 12(5): 303-8.
    • (1990) Gen Hosp Psychiatry , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 303-308
    • Michalon, M.1    Richman, A.2
  • 54
    • 0029420589 scopus 로고
    • Fitting Weibull duration models with random effects
    • Morris C, Christiansen C. Fitting Weibull duration models with random effects. Lifetime Data Analysis 1995; 1(4): 347-59.
    • (1995) Lifetime Data Analysis , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 347-359
    • Morris, C.1    Christiansen, C.2
  • 55
    • 0017585266 scopus 로고
    • Demographic and clinical characteristics as predictors of length of hospitalization and readmission
    • Munley P, DeVone N, Einhorn C, Gash I, Hyer L, Kühn K. Demographic and clinical characteristics as predictors of length of hospitalization and readmission. Journal of Clinical Psychology 1977; 33(4): 1093-9.
    • (1977) Journal of Clinical Psychology , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 1093-1099
    • Munley, P.1    Devone, N.2    Einhorn, C.3    Gash, I.4    Hyer, L.5    Kühn, K.6
  • 56
    • 0030942159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A retrospective study of determinants of length of stay in a geropsychiatric state hospital
    • Parks ED, Josef N. A retrospective study of determinants of length of stay in a geropsychiatric state hospital. Psychiatr Quarterly 1997; 68: 2, 91-9.
    • (1997) Psychiatr Quarterly , vol.68 , Issue.2 , pp. 91-99
    • Parks, E.D.1    Josef, N.2
  • 58
    • 0030877433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors and determinants of hospital length of stay in congestive heart failure in ten community hospitals
    • Philbin EF, Rocco TA, Lynch LJ, Rogers VA, Jenkins P. Predictors and determinants of hospital length of stay in congestive heart failure in ten community hospitals. J Heart Lung Transplant 1997; 16(5): 548-55.
    • (1997) J Heart Lung Transplant , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 548-555
    • Philbin, E.F.1    Rocco, T.A.2    Lynch, L.J.3    Rogers, V.A.4    Jenkins, P.5
  • 59
    • 0029098093 scopus 로고
    • Length of stay of acute psychiatric inpatients: An exponential model
    • Priest RG, Fineberg N, Merson S, Kurian T. Length of stay of acute psychiatric inpatients: an exponential model. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1995; 92: 315-17.
    • (1995) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.92 , pp. 315-317
    • Priest, R.G.1    Fineberg, N.2    Merson, S.3    Kurian, T.4
  • 60
    • 0028287147 scopus 로고
    • Savings in hospital bed-days related to treatment with clozapine
    • Reid WH, Mason M, Toprac M. Savings in hospital bed-days related to treatment with clozapine. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1994; 45(3): 261-4.
    • (1994) Hosp Community Psychiatry , vol.45 , Issue.3 , pp. 261-264
    • Reid, W.H.1    Mason, M.2    Toprac, M.3
  • 62
    • 0022345522 scopus 로고
    • The impact of hospital market structure on patient volume, average length of stay and the cost of care
    • Robinson JC, Luft HS. The impact of hospital market structure on patient volume, average length of stay and the cost of care. J Health Economics 1985; 4: 293-308.
    • (1985) J Health Economics , vol.4 , pp. 293-308
    • Robinson, J.C.1    Luft, H.S.2
  • 63
    • 0025380028 scopus 로고
    • The impact of DRG-based budgeting on inpatient psychiatric care in Veterans Administration medical centers
    • Rosenheck R, Massari L, Astrachan BM. The impact of DRG-based budgeting on inpatient psychiatric care in Veterans Administration medical centers. Medical Care 1990; 28(2): 124-34.
    • (1990) Medical Care , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 124-134
    • Rosenheck, R.1    Massari, L.2    Astrachan, B.M.3
  • 66
    • 0002275144 scopus 로고
    • Psychiatrische Versorgungsplanung
    • Rössler W, Hafner H. Psychiatrische Versorgungsplanung. Neuropsychiatrie 1985; 1: 8-17.
    • (1985) Neuropsychiatrie , vol.1 , pp. 8-17
    • Rössler, W.1    Hafner, H.2
  • 67
    • 0032915783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depressionsverläufe in unterschiedlichen Psychotherapieformen - Modellierung durch Hierarchische Lineare Modelle (HLM)
    • Rosner R, Frick U, Beutler LE, Daldrup R. Depressionsverläufe in unterschiedlichen Psychotherapieformen - Modellierung durch Hierarchische Lineare Modelle (HLM). Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie 1999; 28(2): 112-20.
    • (1999) Zeitschrift Für Klinische Psychologie , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 112-120
    • Rosner, R.1    Frick, U.2    Beutler, L.E.3    Daldrup, R.4
  • 68
    • 0027193258 scopus 로고
    • Exploring models for the length of stay distribution
    • Ruffieux C, Marazzi A, Paccaud F. Exploring models for the length of stay distribution. Soz Praeventivmed 1993; 38(2): 77-82.
    • (1993) Soz Praeventivmed , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 77-82
    • Ruffieux, C.1    Marazzi, A.2    Paccaud, F.3
  • 69
    • 0030030335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in duration of stay in pédiatrie initensive care units: A multiinstitutional study
    • Ruttimann UE, Pollack MM. Variability in duration of stay in pédiatrie initensive care units: a multiinstitutional study. Journal of Pediatrics 1996; 128(1): 35-44.
    • (1996) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.128 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-44
    • Ruttimann, U.E.1    Pollack, M.M.2
  • 70
    • 0031881336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic patients in psychiatric institutions: Psychopathology, level of functioning and need for care
    • Ruud T, Martinsen EW, Friis S. Chronic patients in psychiatric institutions: psychopathology, level of functioning and need for care. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1998; 97:55-61.
    • (1998) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , vol.97 , pp. 55-61
    • Ruud, T.1    Martinsen, E.W.2    Friis, S.3
  • 72
    • 0030061073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behandlungsdauer und Fallkosten in unterschiedlichen stationären psychiatrischen Einrichtungen in Berlin
    • Scheytt D, Kaiser P, Priebe S. Behandlungsdauer und Fallkosten in unterschiedlichen stationären psychiatrischen Einrichtungen in Berlin. Psychiat. Praxis 1996; 23(1): 10-14.
    • (1996) Psychiat. Praxis , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-14
    • Scheytt, D.1    Kaiser, P.2    Priebe, S.3
  • 73
    • 85034508825 scopus 로고
    • Abbruche und Verweildauern in der Psychiatrischen Familienpflege - Dargestellt anhand von Life Tables
    • Schmidt-Michel PO, Hoffmann M, Krüger M, Kössinger l, Konrad M. Abbruche und Verweildauern in der Psychiatrischen Familienpflege - dargestellt anhand von Life Tables. Krankenhauspsychiatrie 1994; 5: 49-53.
    • (1994) Krankenhauspsychiatrie , vol.5 , pp. 49-53
    • Schmidt-Michel, P.O.1    Hoffmann, M.2    Krüger, M.3    Konrad, M.4
  • 75
    • 0029082117 scopus 로고
    • Impact of the interaction of depression and physical illness on a psychiatric unit's length of stay
    • Schubert DS, Yokley J, Sloan D, Gottesman H. Impact of the interaction of depression and physical illness on a psychiatric unit's length of stay. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1995; 17(5): 326-34.
    • (1995) Gen Hosp Psychiatry , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 326-334
    • Schubert, D.S.1    Yokley, J.2    Sloan, D.3    Gottesman, H.4
  • 76
    • 0030321328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of prolongation of hospital stay attributable to nosocomial infections: New approaches based on multistate models
    • Schulgen G, Schumacher M. Estimation of prolongation of hospital stay attributable to nosocomial infections: new approaches based on multistate models. Lifetime Data Anal 1996; 2(3): 219-40.
    • (1996) Lifetime Data Anal , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 219-240
    • Schulgen, G.1    Schumacher, M.2
  • 78
    • 84866817149 scopus 로고
    • Meβmethoden der Psychologie. 2 edn
    • Sixtl F. Meβmethoden der Psychologie. 2 edn. Weinheim: Beltz, 1982.
    • (1982) Weinheim: Beltz
    • Sixtl, F.1
  • 79
    • 0018161413 scopus 로고
    • Effects of community mental health services on state hospital admissions: A clinical-demographic study
    • Shaeffer DE, Schulberg HC, Board G. Effects of community mental health services on state hospital admissions: a clinical-demographic study. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1978; 29: 578-83.
    • (1978) Hosp Community Psychiatry , vol.29 , pp. 578-583
    • De Shaeffer1    Schulberg, H.C.2    Board, G.3
  • 80
    • 0026560745 scopus 로고
    • Predicting length of stay for patients with psychoses
    • Stoskopf C, Horn SD. Predicting length of stay for patients with psychoses. HSR Health Services Research 1992; 26(6): 743-66.
    • (1992) HSR Health Services Research , vol.26 , Issue.6 , pp. 743-766
    • Stoskopf, C.1    Horn, S.D.2
  • 82
    • 0026610108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1992; Stationäre Behandlungsdauer verschiedener Krankheitsgruppen
    • Vetter P, Koller O. 1992; Stationäre Behandlungsdauer verschiedener Krankheitsgruppen. Nevenarzt 63: 271-5.
    • Nevenarzt , vol.63 , pp. 271-275
    • Vetter, P.1    Koller, O.2
  • 83
    • 0030865765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1997; Analyzing intensive care unit length of stay data: Problems and possible solutions
    • Weissman C. 1997; Analyzing intensive care unit length of stay data: problems and possible solutions. Crit Care Med 25(9): 1594-600.
    • Crit Care Med 25(9): 1594-600.
    • Weissman, C.1
  • 84
    • 0025770757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1991; Electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of depression: The impact on length of stay
    • Wilson KG, Kraitberg NJ, Brown JH, Bergman JN. 1991; Electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of depression: the impact on length of stay. Compr Psychiatry 32(4): 345-54.
    • Compr Psychiatry , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 345-354
    • Wilson, K.G.1    Kraitberg, N.J.2    Brown, J.H.3    Bergman, J.N.4
  • 85
    • 85034495117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1991; Diagnostisches und Statistisches Manual Psychischer Störungen DSM-I11-R, 3Aufl, S32f
    • Wittchen HU, Saβ H, Zaudig M, Koehler K. 1991; Diagnostisches und Statistisches Manual Psychischer Störungen DSM-I11-R, 3Aufl, S32f. Weinheim, Basel: Belt:.
    • Weinheim, Basel: Belt:.
    • Wittchen, H.U.1    Sa, H.2    Zaudig, M.3    Koehler, K.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.