Logic, history, and the chemistry textbook: III. One chemical revolution or three?

Journal of Chemical Education

Volumn 75, Issue 8, 1998, Pages 961-969

  Jensen, William B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001170765     PISSN: 00219584     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ed075p961     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Jensen, W. B. Does Chemistry Have a Logical Structure? J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 679-687; Can We Unmuddle the Chemistry Textbook? 1998, 75, 817-828.
2. Jensen, W. B. Does Chemistry Have a Logical Structure? J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 679-687; Can We Unmuddle the Chemistry Textbook? 1998, 75, 817-828.
3. Popper, K. R. The Poverty of Historicism; Routledge & Kegan Paul: London, 1957.
4. Candler, A. C. Atomic Spectra and the Vector Model; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1937; Vol. I, p 2.
5. Weyer, J. Chemiegeschichtsschreibung von Wiegleb (1790) bis Partington (1970); Gerstenberg: Hildescheim, 1974.
6. Bergman, T. Of the Origin of Chemistry. In Essays, Physical and Chemical; Mudie & Fairbairn: Edinburgh, 1791; p 4. Weyer (4) claims that this essay was actually written by a student of Bergman by the name of Jacob Paulin.
7. Fourcroy, A. F. Elements of Chemistry and Natural History, 4th ed.; Mudie & Cuthell: Edinburgh, 1796; Chapter 2. I have paraphrased Fourcroy's rather lengthy descriptors of each period.
8. Kopp, H. Geschichte der Chemie; Vieweg: Braunschweig, 1843-1847; Vol. 1-4. Kopp uses this classification in volume 1.
9. Ihde, A. J. The Pillars of Modern Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 107-110.
10. Ihde, A. J. The Development of Modern Chemistry; Harper & Row: New York, NY, 1962. This is currently available as a quality Dover paperback reprint. The statement about current coverage should be qualified relative to the recent history by Brock (Brock, W. H. The Norton History of Chemistry; Norton: New York, NY, 1993) which, though less thorough than Ihde, does attempt to selectively cover more recent events, such the early development of the electronic theory of organic reactivity.
11. Ihde, A. J. The Development of Modern Chemistry; Harper & Row: New York, NY, 1962. This is currently available as a quality Dover paperback reprint. The statement about current coverage should be qualified relative to the recent history by Brock (Brock, W. H. The Norton History of Chemistry; Norton: New York, NY, 1993) which, though less thorough than Ihde, does attempt to selectively cover more recent events, such the early development of the electronic theory of organic reactivity.
12. The most detailed study of the origins of the first chemical revolution is still Guerlac, H. Lavoisier - The Crucial Year: Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY, 1961. Some recent reassessments are given in The Chemical Revolution, Essays in Reinterpretation. Donovan, A., Ed.; Osiris 1988, 4 (Spec. Issue); and Lavoisier and the Chemical Revolution. Miller J. A. and Jensen, W. B., Eds.; Bulletin for the History of Chemistry 1989, No. 5 (Spec. Issue).
13. The most detailed study of the origins of the first chemical revolution is still Guerlac, H. Lavoisier - The Crucial Year: Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY, 1961. Some recent reassessments are given in The Chemical Revolution, Essays in Reinterpretation. Donovan, A., Ed.; Osiris 1988, 4 (Spec. Issue); and Lavoisier and the Chemical Revolution. Miller J. A. and Jensen, W. B., Eds.; Bulletin for the History of Chemistry 1989, No. 5 (Spec. Issue).
14. The most detailed study of the origins of the first chemical revolution is still Guerlac, H. Lavoisier - The Crucial Year: Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY, 1961. Some recent reassessments are given in The Chemical Revolution, Essays in Reinterpretation. Donovan, A., Ed.; Osiris 1988, 4 (Spec. Issue); and Lavoisier and the Chemical Revolution. Miller J. A. and Jensen, W. B., Eds.; Bulletin for the History of Chemistry 1989, No. 5 (Spec. Issue).
15. The most detailed study of the origins of the first chemical revolution is still Guerlac, H. Lavoisier - The Crucial Year: Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY, 1961. Some recent reassessments are given in The Chemical Revolution, Essays in Reinterpretation. Donovan, A., Ed.; Osiris 1988, 4 (Spec. Issue); and Lavoisier and the Chemical Revolution. Miller J. A. and Jensen, W. B., Eds.; Bulletin for the History of Chemistry 1989, No. 5 (Spec. Issue).
16. The most detailed study of the origins of the first chemical revolution is still Guerlac, H. Lavoisier - The Crucial Year: Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY, 1961. Some recent reassessments are given in The Chemical Revolution, Essays in Reinterpretation. Donovan, A., Ed.; Osiris 1988, 4 (Spec. Issue); and Lavoisier and the Chemical Revolution. Miller J. A. and Jensen, W. B., Eds.; Bulletin for the History of Chemistry 1989, No. 5 (Spec. Issue).
17. Siegfried R. and Dobbs, B. J. Composition, A Neglected Aspect of the Chemical Revolution. Ann. Sci. 1968, 24, 275-293.
18. Though there is no general history of the second chemical revolution as such, the valence aspect is well treated in Russell, C. A. The History of Valency; Leicester University Press: Leicester, 1961.
19. Bernatowicz, A. Dalton's Rule of Simplicity. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 577-579.
20. The best assessment of Cannizzaro's work is still Nash, L. K. The Atomic-Molecular Theory, Harvard Case Histories in Experimental Science, Case 4; Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA, 1964.
21. There is no general history of the electrical revolution. However, many of the more important chemical aspects are covered in Stranges, A. N. Electrons and Valence, Development of the Theory, 1900-1925; Texas A&M: College Station, TX, 1982. A delightfully readable account from the standpoint of the physicist can be found in Keller, A. The Infancy of Atomic Physics: Hercules in his Cradle; Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1983.
22. There is no general history of the electrical revolution. However, many of the more important chemical aspects are covered in Stranges, A. N. Electrons and Valence, Development of the Theory, 1900-1925; Texas A&M: College Station, TX, 1982. A delightfully readable account from the standpoint of the physicist can be found in Keller, A. The Infancy of Atomic Physics: Hercules in his Cradle; Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1983.
23. The most thorough treatment of the concept of scientific revolution is found in Cohen, I. B. Revolution in Science; Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA, 1985. For an example of a revisionist approach which, in extreme cases, rejects the concept of revolution altogether, see Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution; Lindberg, D. C. and Westman, R. S., Eds.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1990.
24. The most thorough treatment of the concept of scientific revolution is found in Cohen, I. B. Revolution in Science; Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA, 1985. For an example of a revisionist approach which, in extreme cases, rejects the concept of revolution altogether, see Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution; Lindberg, D. C. and Westman, R. S., Eds.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1990.
25. This third interpretation of a scientific revolution has been dubbed the "generalized correspondence principle" in Sachs, M. Einstein versus Bohr: The Continuing Controversies in Physics; Open Court: La Salle, IL, 1988; p 13.
26. Jensen, W. B. Thomas Duché Mitchell and the Chemistry of Principles. Bull. Hist. Chem. 1989, 5, pp 42-48.
27. Gregory, J. C. The Animate and Mechanical Models of Reality. J. Phil. Stud. 1927, 2, pp 301-314.
28. Gough, J. C. Some Early References to Revolutions in Chemistry. Ambix 1982, 29, 106-109.
29. Guerlac, H. The Chemical Revolution: A Word from Monsieur Fourcroy. Ambix 1976, 23, 1-4.
30. For the influence of Fourcroy's text, see Chastain, B. B. Books of the Chemical Revolution II: Élémens d'Histoire Naturelle et de Chimie. Bull. Hist. Chem. 1989, 4, 8-11.
31. McGann, H. G. Chemistry Transformed: The Paradigmatic Shift from Phlogiston to Oxygen; Ablex: Norwood, NJ, 1978; Chapter 4.
32. Meyer, L. Die modernen Theorien der Chemie und ihre Bedeutung für die chemische Statik; Maruschke & Berendt: Breslau, 1864.
33. Hofmann, A. W. Introduction to Modern Chemistry, Experimental and Theoretic, Walton & Maberley: London, 1865; p v.
34. Wurtz, A. Histoire des doctrines chimiques depuis Lavoisier jusqu'a nos jours; Hachette: Paris, 1869; translated by Henry Watts as A History of Chemical Theory from the Age of Lavoisier to the Present; Macmillan: London, 1869.
35. Wurtz, A. Histoire des doctrines chimiques depuis Lavoisier jusqu'a nos jours; Hachette: Paris, 1869; translated by Henry Watts as A History of Chemical Theory from the Age of Lavoisier to the Present; Macmillan: London, 1869.
36. I owe this insight into Wurtz's motives to Rocke, A. J. Pride and Prejudice in Chemistry: Chauvinism and the Pursuit of Science. Bull. Hist. Chem. 1992-1993, 13/14, 29-40.
37. Cooke, J. P. The New Chemistry; Appleton: New York, NY, 1874; p 5.
38. Cooke, J. P. First Principles of Chemical Philosophy; Sever & Francis: Boston, 1868. In the case of Europe, early important textbook presentations of the new revolution include: Naquet, A. Principles of Chemistry Founded on Modern Theories; Renshaw: London, 1867 (1st ed., 1864); and Frankland, E. Lecture Notes for Chemical Students; Van Voorst: London, 1866.
39. Cooke, J. P. First Principles of Chemical Philosophy; Sever & Francis: Boston, 1868. In the case of Europe, early important textbook presentations of the new revolution include: Naquet, A. Principles of Chemistry Founded on Modern Theories; Renshaw: London, 1867 (1st ed., 1864); and Frankland, E. Lecture Notes for Chemical Students; Van Voorst: London, 1866.
40. Cooke, J. P. First Principles of Chemical Philosophy; Sever & Francis: Boston, 1868. In the case of Europe, early important textbook presentations of the new revolution include: Naquet, A. Principles of Chemistry Founded on Modern Theories; Renshaw: London, 1867 (1st ed., 1864); and Frankland, E. Lecture Notes for Chemical Students; Van Voorst: London, 1866.
41. Barker, G. F. A Textbook of College Chemistry; Morton: Louisville, KY, 1870; p iii.
42. Youmans, E. L. A Class-Book of Chemistry On the Basis of the New System; Appleton: New York, NY, 1875; p 3.
43. Fresenius, C. R. Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis: Translated into the "New System"; 8th ed.; Wiley: New York, NY, 1875; p v.
44. Siegfried, R. A Study of Chemical Research Publications from the United States Before 1880. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 1952, pp 96-97.
45. Johnson, J. A. Hierarchy and Creativity in Chemistry, 1871-1914. Osiris 1989, 5, 214-240.
46. Rocke, A. J. The Quiet Revolution: Hermann Kolbe and the Science of Organic Chemistry; University of California: Berkeley, CA, 1993.
47. Armstrong, H. Chemistry. In The Encyclopedia Britannica, The New Volumes; The Encyclopaedia Britannica Co: London, 1922; Vol. 30, p 621.
48. Benfey, O. T. Concepts of Time in Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 574-577.
49. Dyke, D. R. The Nature of Heat and its Relationship to Chemistry in the Eighteenth Century. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 1967.
50. See Kopp, H. Theoretische Chemie und Beziehungen zwischen chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften; Vieweg: Braunschweig, 1857 (This forms Part II of Volume 1 of Graham-Otto's Auführliches Lehrbuch der Chemie); and Remsen, I. Principles of Theoretical Chemistry with Special Reference to the Constitution of Chemical Compounds; Lea: Philadelphia, PA, 1877. For Meyer see reference 24.
51. See Kopp, H. Theoretische Chemie und Beziehungen zwischen chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften; Vieweg: Braunschweig, 1857 (This forms Part II of Volume 1 of Graham-Otto's Auführliches Lehrbuch der Chemie); and Remsen, I. Principles of Theoretical Chemistry with Special Reference to the Constitution of Chemical Compounds; Lea: Philadelphia, PA, 1877. For Meyer see reference 24.
52. See Kopp, H. Theoretische Chemie und Beziehungen zwischen chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften; Vieweg: Braunschweig, 1857 (This forms Part II of Volume 1 of Graham-Otto's Auführliches Lehrbuch der Chemie); and Remsen, I. Principles of Theoretical Chemistry with Special Reference to the Constitution of Chemical Compounds; Lea: Philadelphia, PA, 1877. For Meyer see reference 24.
53. Ostwald, W. Elements and Compounds. J. Chem. Soc. 1904, 85, 506-522.
54. Ostwald, W. Prinzipien der Chemie: Eine Einleitung in alle chemischen Lehrbücher, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft: Leipzig, 1907, translated by Harry W. Morse as The Fundamental Principles of Chemistry: An Introduction to All Text-Books of Chemistry; Longmans, Green & Co: London, 1909.
55. Ostwald, W. Prinzipien der Chemie: Eine Einleitung in alle chemischen Lehrbücher, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft: Leipzig, 1907, translated by Harry W. Morse as The Fundamental Principles of Chemistry: An Introduction to All Text-Books of Chemistry; Longmans, Green & Co: London, 1909.
56. Ostwald, W. Outlines of General Chemistry, 3rd ed.; Macmillan: London, 1912; p vi.