Observation of nanometer-scale optical property discrimination by use of a near-field scanning apertureless microscope

Optics Letters

Volumn 24, Issue 15, 1999, Pages 1005-1007

  Bridger, P M ^a   McGill, T C ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001141830     PISSN: 01469592     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OL.24.001005     Document Type: Article

References (12)

1. D. Courjon and C. Bainier, Rep. Prog. Phys. 57, 989 (1994).
2. H. K. Wickramasinghe and C. C. Williams, "Apertureless near field optical microscope," U.S. patent 4,947,034 (April 28, 1989).
3. F. Zenhausern, M. P. O'Boyle, and H. K. Wickramasinghe, Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1623 (1994).
4. B. Hecht, H. Bielefeldt, Y. Inouye, L. Novotny, and D. W. Pohl, J. Appl. Phys. 81, 2492 (1997).
5. V. B. Ellings and G. A. Gurley, "Tapping atomic force microscope," U.S. patent 5,412,980 (May 9, 1995).
6. When the tip oscillation amplitude is kept constant, the average tip-sample distance is constant over the lock-in integration time. Therefore there is less risk of introducing artifacts that could be due to measurement of the cantilever position with light reflection from it. In previous experiments, however, the entire cantilever position was modulated relative to the sample, so there is a risk that the images are a measurement of only the tip position.
7. C. Schönenberger and S. F. Alvarado, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60, 3131 (1989).
8. F. Zenhausern, Y. Martin, and H. K. Wickramasinghe, Science 269, 1083 (1995).
9. N. Garcia and M. Nieto-Vesperinas, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 3399 (1995).
10. J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 2nd ed. (Wiley, New York, 1975).
11. 8
12. Polysciences Fluoresbrite nanospheres were used. The fluorescein-based dye is limited to the outer 10% of the nanosphere radius and has a fluorescence that peaks at 540 nm and extends to 700 nm.