The dalbergioid legumes (fabaceae): Delimitation of a pantropical monophyletic clade

American Journal of Botany

Volumn 88, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 503-533

  Lavin, Matt ^a   Pennington, R Toby ^b   Klitgaard, Bente B ^c   Sprent, Janet I ^d   De Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante ^e   Gasson, Peter E ^c  

^a MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^c ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

^e INSTITUTO DE PESQUISAS JARDIM BOTÂNICO DO RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Aeschynomenoid nodule; Dalbergioid legumes; Fabaceae; Papilionoid legumes; Root nodule

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000890728     PISSN: 00029122     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2657116     Document Type: Article

References (165)

1. ANTONIO, R., AND M. SOUSA. 1991. Contribuciónes al conocimiento del género Diphysa (Leguminosae) para la flora Mesoamericana. Anales del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Serie Botánica 62: 115-120.
2. BAILEY, C. D., J. J. DOYLE, T. KAJITA, T. NEMOTO, AND H. OHASHI. 1997. The chloroplast rpl2 intron and ORF184 as phylogenetic markers in the legume tribe Desmodieae. Systematic Botany 22: 133-138.
3. BARETTA-KUIPERS, T. 1981. Wood anatomy of Leguminosae: its relevance to taxonomy. In R. M. Polhill and P. H. Raven [eds.]. Advances in legume systematics, part 2, 677-705. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
4. BARNEBY, R. C. 1977. Daleae imagines. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 27: 1-891.
5. BATEMAN, R. M., AND N. J. SIMPSON. 1998. Comparing phylogenetic signals from reproductive and vegetative organs. In S. J. Owens and P. J. Rudall [eds.], Reproductive biology in systematics, conservation and economic botany, 231-253. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
6. BENTHAM, G. 1860. A synopsis of the Dalbergieae, a tribe of the Leguminosae. Journal of the Proceedings of The Linnean Society IV (Supplement): 1-134.
7. BEYRA-M., A., AND M. LAVIN. 1999. Monograph of Pictetia (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae) and review of the Aeschynomeneae. Systematic Botany Monographs 56: 1-93.
8. BININDA-EMONDS, O. R. P., H. N. BRYANT, AND A. P. RUSSELL. 1998. Supraspecific taxa as terminals in cladistic analysis: implicit assumptions of monophyly and a comparison of methods. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 64: 101-133.
9. BRIZICKY, G. K. 1960. A new species of Paramachaerium from Panama. Tropical Woods 112: 58-64.
10. BURKART, A. 1949. Contribución al estudio del género Adesmia (Leguminosae). Lilloa 15: 1-17.
11. _. 1952. Las Leguminosas Argentinas, 2nd ed. ACME Agency, Buenuos Aires, Argentina.
12. _. 1954. Contribución al estudio del género Adesmia (Leguminosae), II. Darwiniana 10: 465-546.
13. _. 1957. El género Pachecoa (Leguminosae). Darwiniana 11: 261-268.
14. _. 1960. Contribución al estudio del género Adesmia (Leguminosae), III. Darwiniana 12: 81-136.
15. _. 1962. Contribución al estudio del género Adesmia (Leguminosae), IV. Darwiniana 12: 309-364.
16. _. 1964. Contribución al estudio del género Adesmia (Leguminosae), V. Darwiniana 13: 9-66.
17. _. 1966. Contribución al estudio del género Adesmia (Leguminosae), VI. Darwiniana 14: 195-248.
18. _. 1967. Sinopsis del género sudamericano de Leguminosas Adesmia DC. Darwiniana 14: 463-568.
19. _, AND O. VILCHEZ. 1971. Valoración e ilustración del género Fiebrigiella Harms (Leguminosae-Hedysareae). Darwiniana 16: 659-662.
20. CHAPPILL, J. 1995. Cladistic analysis of the Leguminosae. In M. D. Crisp and J. J. Doyle [eds.], Advances in legume systematics, part 7, phylogeny, 1-9. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
21. CORBY, H. D. L. 1981. The systematic value of leguminous root nodules. In R. M. Polhill and P. H. Raven [eds.], Advances in legume systematics, part 2, 657-669. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
22. _. 1988. Types of rhizobial nodule and their distribution among the Leguminosae. Kirkia 13: 53-123.
23. COZZO, D. 1949. Estudio anatomico sobre la posicion sistematica de algunos generos Argentinos de Leguminosas Papilionoideas. Lilloa 16: 97-124.
24. _. 1950. Anatomia del leño secundario de las Leguminosas Papilionoideas Argentinas silvestres y cultivadas. Revista del Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de las Ciencias Naturales "Bernadino Rivadavia". Ciencias Botanicas I(7): 223-361.
25. CUMBIE, B. G. 1960. Anatomical studies in the Leguminosae. Tropical Woods 113: 1-47.
26. CUNNINGHAM, C. W. 1997. Is congruence between data partitions a reliable predictor of phylogenelic accuracy? Empirically testing an interactive procedure for choosing among phylogenetic methods. Systematic Biology 46: 464-478.
27. DE CANDOLLE, A. P. 1825. Mémoires sur la famille de Légumineuses. Paris, France.
28. DE CARVALHO, A. M. 1997. A synopsis of the genus Dalbergia (Fabaceae: Dalbergieae) in Brazil. Brittonia 49: 87-109.
29. DE N. CARMO-BASTOS, M. 1987. Contribuição ao estudo sistemático de algumas espécies do gênero Machaerium Persoon (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae) ocorrentes na Amazônia Brasileira. Boletim do Museu Pardense Emílio Goeldi. Série Botânica. 3: 183-279.
30. DELGADO-SALINAS, A., T. TURLEY, A. RICHMAN, AND M. LAVIN. 1999. Phylogenetic analysis of the cultivated and wild species of Phaseolus (Fabaceae). Systematic Botany 23: 438-460.
31. DE QUEIROZ, K., AND J. GAUTHIER. 1994. Toward a phylogenetic system of biological nomenclature. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9: 27-31.
32. DÉTIENNE, P., AND P. JACQUET. 1983. Atlas d'identification des bois de l'Amazonie et des règions voisines. Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Nogent-sur-Marne, France.
33. DOYLE, J. J., J. L. DOYLE, J. A. BALLENGER, E. E. DICKSON. T. KAJITA, AND H. OHASHI. 1997. A phylogeny of the chloroplast gene rbcL in the Leguminosae: Taxonomic correlations and insights into the evolution of nodulation. American Journal of Botany 84: 541-554.
34. EVANS, S. V., L. E. FELLOWS, AND E. A. BELL. 1985. Distribution and systematic significance of basic nonprotein amino acids and amines in the Tephrosieae. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 13: 271-302.
35. FARIA, S. M. DE, AND H. C. DE LIMA. 1998. Additional studies of the nodulation status of legume species in Brazil. Plant and Soil 200: 185-192.
36. _, H. C. DE LIMA, A. M. CARVALHO, V. F. CONCALVES, AND J. I. SPRENT. 1994. Occurrence of nodulation in legume species from Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Espirito Santo states of Brazil. In J. I. Sprent and D. McKey [eds.], Advances in legume systematics, part 5, the nitrogen factor, 17-23. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
37. FELSENSTEIN, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 38: 783-791.
38. FERGUSON, I. K., AND J. J. SKVARLA. 1981. The pollen morphology of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Leguminosae). In R. M. Polhill and P. H. Raven [eds.], Advances in legume systematics, part 2, 859-896. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
39. FERNANDES, A. 1996. O Taxon Aeschynomene no Brasil, Fortaleza: Edicoes UFC.
40. FERREYRA, R. 1951. Una nueva Leguminosae del Peru. Publicaciones del Museo de Historia Natural "Javier Prado," Serie B, Botánica 3: 1-5.
41. GASSON, P. E. 1994. Wood anatomy of the tribe Sophoreae and related Caesalpinioideae and Papilionoideae. In I. K. Ferguson and S. C. Tucker [eds.], Advances in legume systematics, part 6, 165-203. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
42. _. 1999. Wood anatomy of the tribe Dipterygeae with comments on related Papilionoid and Caesalpinioid Leguminosae. IAWA Journal 20: 361-375.
43. GEESINK, R. 1981. Tephrosieae. In R. M. Polhill and P. H. Raven [eds.], Advances in legume systematics, part 1, 245-260. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
44. _. 1984. Scala Millettiearum, a survey of the genera of the tribe Millettieae (Legum. - Pap.) with methodological considerations. E. J. Brill/ Leiden University Press, Leiden, The Netherlands.
45. GILLETT, J. B. 1966. The species of Ormocarpum Beauv. and Arthrocarpum Balf. f. (Leguminosae) in South-Western Asia and Africa (excluding Madagascar). Kew Bulletin 20: 323-355.
46. _, R. M. POLHILL, AND B. VERDCOURT. 1971. Leguminosae. In E. Milne-Redhead and R. M. Polhill [eds.], Flora of Tropical East Africa. Crown Agents, London, UK.
47. GLEDHILL, D. 1968. The Geissaspis, Bryaspis, Humularia complex. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana, serie 2: 305-319.
48. GOLDBLATT, P. 1981. Cytology and the phylogeny of the Leguminosae. In R. M. Polhill and P. H. Raven [eds.], Advances in legumes systematics, part 2, 427-463. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
49. GREINWALD, R., P. BACHMANN, G. LEWIS, L. WITTE, AND F.-C. CZYGAN. 1995. Alkaloids of the genus Poecilanthe (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 23: 547-553.
50. GUALTIERI, G., AND T. BISSELING. 2000. The evolution of nodulation. Plant Molecular Biology 42: 181-194.
51. GUINET, PH., AND I. K. FERGUSON. 1989. Structure, Evolution, and Biology of Pollen in Leguminosae. In C. H. Stirton and J. L. Zarucchi [eds.], Advances in legume biology. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 29: 77-103.
52. GUNN, C. R., E. M. NORMAN, AND J. S. LASSETTER. 1980. Chapmannia floridana Torrey & Gray (Fabaceae). Brittonia 32: 178-185.
53. HARLEY, R. M. 1978. A study of Cranocarpus in Brazil. Bradea, Bolitim do Herbarium Bradeanum 2: 265-272.
54. HARRIER, L. A. 1995. Non-nodulating African species of Acacia. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
55. _. P. W. WHITTY, J. M. SUTHERLAND, AND J. I. SPRENT. 1997. Phenetic investigation of non-nodulating African species of Acacia (Leguminosae) using morphological and molecular markers. Plant Systematics and Evolution 205, 27-51.
56. HEPPER, F. N. 1958. Papilionaceae. In R. W. J. Keay [ed.], Flora of West Tropical Africa, 2nd ed. Crown Agents, London, UK.
57. HERENDEEN, P S. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Swartzieae. In M. Crisp and J. J. Doyle [eds.], Advances in legume systematics, part 7, phylogeny, 123-132. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
58. HILLIS, D. 1998. Taxonomic sampling, phylogenetic accuracy, and investigator bias. Systematic Biology 47: 3-8.
59. HU, J.-M., M. LAVIN, M. WOJCIECHOWSKI, AND M. J. SANDERSON. 2000. Phylogenetic systematics of the tribe Millettieae (Leguminosae) based on chloroplast trnK/matK sequences, and its implications for evolutionary patterns in Papilionoideae. American Journal of Botany 87: 418-430.
60. HUELSENBECK, J. P., J. J. BULL, AND C. W. CUNNINGHAM. 1996. Combining data in phylogenetic analysis. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11: 152-158.
61. HUTCHINSON, J. 1964. The genera of flowering plants, vol. 1. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
62. IRELAND, H., AND R. T. PENNINGTON. 1999. A revision of Geoffroea (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae). Edinburgh Journal of Botany 56: 329-347.
63. JAMES, E. K., J. I. SPRENT, J. M. SUTHERLAND, S. G. MCINROY, AND F. R. MINCHIN. 1992. The structure of nitrogen fixing root nodules on the aquatic mimosoid legume Neptunia plena. Annals of Botany 69: 173-180.
64. JUDD, W. S., R. W. SANDERS, AND M. J. DONOGHUE. 1994. Angiosperm family pairs: preliminary phylogenetic analyses. Harvard Papers in Botany 5: 1-51.
65. KÄSS, E., AND M. WINK. 1995. Molecular phylogeny of the Papilionoideae (Family Leguminosae): rbcL gene sequences versus chemical taxonomy. Botanica Acta 108: 149-162.
66. _, AND _. 1997. Phylogenetic relationships in the Papilionoideae (Family Leguminosae) based on nucleotide sequences of cpDNA (rbcL) and ncDNA (ITS 1 and 2). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 8: 65-88.
67. KLITGAARD, B. B. 1999a. Floral ontogeny in tribe Dalbergieae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae): Dalbergia brasiliensis. Machaerium villosum sens lat., Platymiscium floribundum, and Pterocarpus rotundifolius. Plant Systematics and Evolution 219: 1-25.
68. _. 1999b. New species and nomenclatural changes in Neotropical Platymiscium (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Dalbergieae). Kew Bulletin 54: 967-973.
69. KRAPOVICKAS, A., AND W. C. GREGORY. 1994. Taxonomía del género Arachis (Leguminosae). Bonplandia 8: 1-186.
70. LABAT J.-N., AND D. J. DU PUY. 1996. Two species of Ormocarpopsis R. Viguier and a new combination in Ormocarpum P. Beauvois (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae) from Madagascar. Novon 6: 54-58.
71. _, AND _. 1997. A revision of Peltiera, a new, poorly known and probably extinct genus of Leguminosae (Papilionoideae - Aeschynomeneae) from Madagascar. Adansonia, série 3, 19: 85-91.
72. LAVIN, M. 1987. A cladistic analysis of the tribe Robinieae (Papilionoideae: Leguminosae). In C. H. Stirton [ed.], Advances in legumes systematics, part 3, 31-64. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
73. _. 1993. Biogeography and systematics of Poitea (Leguminosae). Systematic Botany Monographs 37: 1-87.
74. _. E. ESHBAUGH, J.-M. HU, S. MATHEWS, AND R. A. SHARROCK. 1998. Monophyletic subgroups of the tribe Millettieae (Leguminosae) as revealed by phytochrome nucleotide sequence data. American Journal of Botany 85: 412-433.
75. _, AND M. SOUSA. 1995. Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of the tribe Robinieae (Leguminosae). Systematic Botany Monographs 45: 1-165.
76. _, M. THULIN, J.-N. LABAT, AND T. PENNINGTON. 2000. Africa, the odd man out: molecular biogeography of dalbergioid legumes suggests otherwise. Systematic Botany 24: in press.
77. LEÓN, H., AND H. ALAIN. 1951. Leguminosas, Flore de Cuba, vol. 2, Contribuciones Ocasionales del Museo de la Historia Natural del Colegio de La Salle 10: 224-367.
78. LÉONARD, J. 1954. Aeschynomene, Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'état Bruxelles 24: 63-84.
79. LEWIS, G. 1988. Four little-known species of Leguminosae from Cuba. Willdenowia 18: 223-229.
80. LIMA, H. C. DE. 1982a. Considerações taxonômicas sobre o gênero Hymenolobium Bentham (Leguminosae - Faboideae). Acta Amazonica 12: 41-48.
81. _. 1982b. Revisão taxonômica do gênero Vatairea Aublet (Leguminosae - Faboideae). Arquivos do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro XXVI: 173-214.
82. _. 1983. Novos taxa de Leguminosae Papilionoideae (tribo Dalbergieae) do Brasil. Bradea, Bolitim do Herbarium Bradeanum 3: 399-405.
83. _. 1985. Centrolobium Martius ex Bentham (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae) estudo taxonômico das espécies Brasileiras extra-Amazônicas. Arquivos do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro XXVII: 177-191.
84. _. 1990. Tribo Dalbergieae (Leguminosae Papilionoideae) - morfologia do frutos, sementes e plântulas e sua aplicação na sistemática. Arquivos do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro 30: 1-42.
85. _, AND A. M. STUDART DA FANSECA VAZ. 1984. Revisão taxonômica do género Riedeliella Harms (Leguminosae - Faboideae). Rodriguesia, Rio De Janeiro 36: 9-16.
86. MILES, A. 1978. Photomicrographs of world woods. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, UK.
87. MADDISON, W. P., AND D. R. MADDISON. 1999. MacClade: analysis of phylogeny and character evolution. Version 3.08a. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
88. MOCTEZUMA, E., AND L. J. FELDMAN. 1998. Growth rates and auxin effects in graviresponding gynophores of the peanut, Arachis hypogaea (Fabaceae). American Journal of Botany 85: 1369-1376.
89. MOHLENBROCK, R. H. 1957. A revision of the genus Stylosanthes. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 44: 299-355.
90. _. 1960. Recent studies in the Leguminosae genus Stylosanthes. Rhodora 62: 340-346.
91. _. 1961. A monograph of the Leguminous genus Zornia. Webbia 16: 1-141.
92. _. 1962. Additional collections of the Leguminous genus Zornia. Webbia 16: 649-655.
93. _. 1963. Further considerations in Stylosanthes (Leguminosae). Rhodora 65: 245-258.
94. MOLOUBA, F., J. LORQUIN, A. WILLEMS, B. HOSTE, E. GIRAUD, B. DREYFUS, M. GILLIS, P. DE LAJUDIE, C. MASSON-BOIVIN. 1999. Photosynthetic bradyrhizobia from Aeschynomene spp. are specific to stem nodulating species and form a separate 16S ribosomal DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism group. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65: 3084-3094.
95. NIXON, K. C., AND J. I DAVIS. 1991. Polymorphic taxa, missing values and cladistic analysis. Cladistics 7: 233-241.
96. OHASHI, H. 1999. The genera, tribes, and subfamilies of Japanese Leguminosae. The Science reports of the Tohoku University, 4th series Biology 40: 187-268.
97. _. R. M. POLHILL, AND B. G. SCHUBERT. 1981. Desmodieae. In R. M. Polhill and P. H. Raven [eds.], Advances in legume systematics, part 1, 292-300. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
98. PENNINGTON, R. T. 1996. Molecular and morphological data provide phylogenetic resolution at different hierarchical levels in Andira. Systematic Biology 45: 496-515.
99. _, G. AYMARD, AND N. CUELLO. 1997. A new species of Andira (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) from the Venezuelan Guyana. Novon 7: 72-74.
100. _, M. LAVIN, H. IRELAND, B. KLITGAARD, AND J. PRESTON. In press. Phylogenetic relationships of primitive papilionoid legumes based upon sequences of the chloroplast intron trnL. Systematic Botany.
101. PITTIER, H. 1922. On the species of Dalbergia of Mexico and Central America. J. Washington Academy of Science 12: 54-64.
102. POLHILL, R. M. 1971. Some observations on generic limits in Dalbergieae-Lonchocarpineae Benth. (Leguminosae). Kew Bulletin 25: 259-273.
103. _. 1981a. Papilionoideae. In R. M. Polhill and P. H. Raven [eds.], Advances in legume systematics, part 1, 191-208. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
104. _. 1981b. Sophoreae. In R. M. Polhill and P. H. Raven [eds.], Advances in legume systematics, part 1, 213-230. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
105. _. 1981c. Dipterygeae. In R. M. Polhill and P. H. Raven [eds.]. Advances in legume systematics, part 1, 231-232. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
106. _. 1981d. Dalbergieae. In R. M. Polhill and P. H. Raven [eds.]. Advances in legume systematics, part 1, 233-242. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
107. _. 1981e. Amorpheae. In R. M. Polhill and P. H. Raven [eds.], Advances in legume systematics, part 1, 244-246. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
108. _. 1981f. Adesmieae. In R. M. Polhill and P. H. Raven [eds.], Advances in legume systematics, part 1, 355-356. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
109. _. 1994. Classification of the Leguminosae. In F. A. Bisby, J. Buckingham, and J. B. Harborne [eds.], Phytochemical dictionary of the Leguminosae, vol. 1, XXXV-XLVIII. Chapman and Hall, London, UK.
110. PRAIN, D. 1904. The species of Dalbergia of South-eastern Asia. Annals of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Calcutta 10: 1-114, 91 pl.
111. RAMBAUT, A. 1996. Se-Al, sequence alignment editor version 1.0, alpha 1. University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
112. RECORD, S. J. 1919. Storied or tier-like structure of certain dicot wood. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 46: 253-273.
113. ROIG, F. A. 1986. The wood of Adesmia horrida and its modifications by climatic conditions. IAWA Bulletin 7: 129-135.
114. ROJO, J. P. 1972. Pterocarpus (Leguminosae - Papilionaceae) revised for the world. Verlag von J. Cramer, Lehre, Germany.
115. RUDD, V. E. 1954. Centrolobium (Leguminosae). Validation of a specific name and a brief review of the genus. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science 44: 284-288.
116. _. 1955. The American species of Aeschynomene. Contributions of the United States National Herbarium 32: 1-172.
117. _. 1956. A revision of the genus Nissolia. Contributions of the United States National Herbarium 32: 173-206.
118. _. 1958. A revision of the genus Chaetocalyx. Contributions of the United States National Herbarium 32: 207-243.
119. _. 1959. The genus Aeschynomene in Malaysia (Leguminosae - Papilionatae). Reinwardtia 5: 23-36.
120. _. 1967. Supplementary studies in Aeschynomene, II: Series Pleuronerviae. Phytologia 15: 114-119.
121. _. 1970a. Revival of Nissolia microptera (Leguminosae). Phytologia 20: 324.
122. _. 1970b. Etaballia dubia (Leguminosae), a new combination. Phytologia 20: 426-428.
123. _. 1972a. Reduction of Balisaea to Aeschynomene (Leguminosae). Phytologia 23: 321.
124. _. 1972b. Supplementary studies in Chaetocalyx I. (Leguminosae). Including a new species from Brazil. Phytologia 24: 295-297.
125. _. 1972c. A new variety of Poiretia latifolia and a brief resume of the genus Poiretia Vent. (Leguminosae). Phytologia 23: 141-148.
126. _. 1973. New taxa and combinations in Machaerium (Leguminosae). III. Phytologia 25: 398-403.
127. _. 1974. A resume of the genus Tipuana (Leguminosae). Phytologia 28: 475-478.
128. _. 1975a. Supplementary studies in Aeschynomene III: Series Scopariae in Mexico and Central America. Phytologia 31: 431-434.
129. _. 1975b. Nissolia chiapensis, a new species of Leguminosae from Mexico. Phytologia 31: 427-430.
130. _. 1977. The genus Machaerium (Leguminosae) in Mexico. Boletín de la Sociedad Botanica de Mexico 37: 119-146.
131. _. 1981a. Aeschynomeneae. In R. M. Polhill and P. H. Raven [eds.], Advances in legume systematics, part 1, 347-354. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
132. _. 1981b. Two new species of Paramachaerium (Leguminosae) and a brief resume of the genus. Brittonia 33: 435-440.
133. _. 1986. A new species of Machaerium (Leguminosae) from Nicaragua. Phytologia 60: 93-94.
134. _. 1987. Studies in Machaerium (Leguminosae) VII. Section II. Lineata. Part I. Species with wingless fruit. Phytologia 64: 1-12.
135. _. 1996. Chaetocalyx longiloba (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae), a new species from Peru. Novon 6: 119.
136. SANDERSON, M. J. 1995. Objections to bootstrapping phylogenies: a critique. Systematic Biology 44: 299-320.
137. _. AND J. J. DOYLE. 1993. Phylogenetic relationships in North American Astragalus (Fabaceae) based on chloroplast DNA restriction site variation. Systematic Botany 18: 395-408.
138. _. AND M. F. WOJCIECHOWSKI. 1996. Diversification rates in a temperate legume clade: are there "so many species of Astragalus (Fabaceae)?" American Journal of Botany 83: 1488-1502.
139. SCHWEINGRUBER, F. H. 1990. Anatomy of European woods. Paul Haupt. Bern and Stuttgart Publishers, Stuttgard, Germany.
140. SOLTIS, D. E., P. S. SOLTIS, D. R. MORGAN, S. M. SWENSEN, B. C. MULLEN, J. M. DOWD, AND P. G. MARTIN. 1995. Chloroplast gene sequence data suggest a single origin of the predisposition for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in angiosperms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 92: 2647-2651.
141. SOUSA, M., AND M. P. DE SOUSA. 1981. New World Lonchocarpinae. In R. M. Polhill and P. H. Raven [eds.], Advances in legume systematics, part 1, 261-281. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
142. SPRENT, J. I. 1994. Evolution and diversity in the legume-rhizobium symbiosis: chaos theory? Plant and Soil 161: 1-10.
143. _, AND P. SPRENT. 1990. Nitrogen fixing organisms. Chapman and Hall, London, UK.
144. _, J. M. SUTHERLAND, AND S. M. DE FARIA. 1989. Structure and function of root nodules from woody legumes. In C. H. Stirton and J. L. Zarucchi [eds.], Advances in legume biology. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 29: 559-578.
145. SWOFFORD, D. L. 2000. PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (* and other methods), version 4.0b4a. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
146. TABERLET, P., L. GIELLY, G. PAUTOU, AND J. BOUVET. 1991. Universal primers for amplification of three non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA. Plant Molecular Biology 17: 1105-1109.
147. THULIN, M. 1990. Two new species of Ormocarpum (Leguminosae) from Somalia. Nordic Journal of Botany 10: 433-436.
148. _. 2000. Chapmannia (Leguminosae - Stylosanthinae) extended. Nordic Journal of Botany 19: 597-607.
149. TUCKER, S. C., AND A. W. DOUGLAS. 1994. Ontogenetic evidence and phylogenetic relationships among basal taxa of legumes. In I. K. Ferguson and S. Tucker [eds.], Advances in legume systematics, part 6, structural botany, 11-32. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
150. ULIBARRI, E. A. 1978. Novedades en Adesmia (Leguminosae). Hickenia 1: 121-124.
151. _. 1980. Notas sobre Adesmia I (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae). Darwiniana 22: 493-498.
152. _. 1982a. Notas sobre Adesmia DC. II (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae). Darwiniana 24: 267-281.
153. _. 1982b. Nueva especie de Adesmia DC. (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae) de Chile. Hickenia 1: 277-290.
154. _. 1984. Notas sobre Adesmia DC. III (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae). Darwiniana 25: 355-360.
155. _. 1987. Las especies de Adesmia de la serie Microphyllae (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae). Darwiniana 27: 315-388.
156. _. 1990. Notas sobre Adesmia IV. (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae). Darwiniana 30: 291-292.
157. VERDCOURT, B. 1971. Aeschynomene. In J. B. Gillett, R. M. Polhill, and B. Verdcourt [eds.], Flora of Tropical East Africa, Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, 364-406. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
158. _. 1974. Summary of the Leguminosae-Papilionoideae-Hedysareae (sensu lato) of Flora Zambesiaca. Kirkia 9: 359-556.
159. WEINS, J. J. 1995. Polymorphic characters in phylogenetic systematics. Systematic Biology 44: 482-500.
160. _, AND M. R. SERVEDIO. 1997. Accuracy of phylogenetic analysis including and excluding polymorphic characters. Systematic Biology 46: 332-345.
161. WHEELER, E. A., P. BAAS, AND P. E. GASSON. 1989. IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification. IAWA Journal 10: 219-332.
162. WHITING, M. F., J. C. CARPENTER, Q. D. WHEELER, AND W. C. WHEELER. 1997. The strepsiptera problem: phylogeny of the holometabolous insect orders inferred from 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequences and morphology. Systematic Biology 46: 1-68.
163. WOJCIECHOWSKI, M. F., M. J. SANDERSON, B. G. BALDWIN, AND M. J. DONOGHUE. 1993. Monophyly of anueploid Astragalus (Fabaceae): evidence from nuclear ribosomal DNA-ITS sequences. American Journal of Botany 80: 711-722.
164. _, _, AND J.-M. HU. 1999. Evidence on the monophyly of Astragalus (Fabaceae) and its major subgroups based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS and chloroplast DNA trnL intron data. Systematic Botany 24: 409-437.
165. YAKOVLEV, G. P. 1972. A contribution to the system of the order Fabales Nakai (Leguminales Jones). Botanical Journal 57: 585-594 (in Russian - English translation at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK).