Actin gels

Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science

Volumn 2, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 350-357

  MacKintosh, Fred C ^a   Janmey, Paul A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000876939     PISSN: 13590286     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1359-0286(97)80127-1     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Volkmuth WD, Austin RH: DNA electrophoresis in microlithographic arrays, Nature 199, 358: 600-602.
2. Smith SB, Finzi L, Bustamante C. Direct mechanical measurements of the elasticity of single DNA molecules by using magnetic beads. Science. 258:1992;1122-1126.
3. Perkins TT, Smith DE, Chu S. Direct observation of tube-like motion of a single polymer chain. Science. 264:1994;819-822.
4. Käs J, Strey H, Sackmann E. Direct imaging of reptation for semiflexible actin filaments. Nature. 368:1994;226-229.
5. Wirtz D. Direct measurement of the transport properties of a single DNA molecule. Phys Rev Lett. 75:1995;2436-2439.
6. Isambert H, Venier P, Maggs AC, Fattoum A, Kassab R, Pantaloni D, Carlier MF. Flexibility of actin filaments derived from thermal fluctuations. Effect of bound nucleotide, phalloidin, and muscle regulatory proteins. J Biol Chem. 270:1995;11437-11444.
7. Ott A, Magnasco M, Simon A, Libchaber A. Measurement of the persistence length of polymerized actin using fluorescence miscroscopy. Phys Rev E. 48:1993;R1642-R1645.
8. Ziemann F, Rädler J, Sackmann E. Local measurements of viscoelastic moduli of entangled actin networks using an oscillating magnetic bead micro-rheometer. Biophys J. 66:1994;2210-2216.
9. Amblard F, Yurke B, Pargellis A, Leibler S. A magnetic manipulator for studying local rheology and microchemical properties of biological systems. Rev Sci Instrum. 67:1996;818-827.
10. Amblard F, Maggs A, Yurke B, Pargellis A, Others A. Subdiffusion and anomalous local viscoelasticity in actin networks. Phys Rev Lett. 77:1996;4470-4473 The authors describe an apparatus for microrheological characterization using magnetic beads together with video tracking of particle motions. They report anomalous, subdiffusive bead motion in actin solutions.
11. Schmidt FG, Ziemann F, Sackmann E. Shear field mapping in actin networks by using magnetic tweezers. Eur Biophys J. 24:1996;348-353 The authors demonstrate a method of observing the shear field in the neighborhood of a single large magnetic bead, by video tracking of small non-magnetic beads in the field of view. This method can be used to determine the Poisson ratio of a polymer network at low frequencies, or possibly for observing inhomogeneities within a solution.
12. Vanderkerckhove J. Actin-binding proteins. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2:1990;41-50.
13. Käs J, Strey H, Tang JX, Finger D, Ezzell R, Sackmann E, Janmey PA. F-actin, a model polymer for semiflexible chains in dilute, semidilute, and liquid crystalline solutions. Biophys J. 70:1996;609-625.
14. Käs J, Strey H, Bärmann M, Sackmann E. Measurement of the wave-vector-dependent bending stiffness of freely flickering actin filaments. Europhys Lett. 21:1993;865-870.
15. Isambert H, Maggs A. Bending of actin filaments. Europhys Lett. 31:1995;263-267.
16. 2+, bound at the high-affinity site and of the ionic composition of the solution on the structure of F-actin. Biochem J. 316:1996;713-721.
17. 2+ versus Mg bound to the subunits) altered torsion much more than bending elasticity, suggesting that these modes of motion are structurally uncoupled.
18. Ruddies R, Goldman WH, Isenberg G, Sackmann E. The viscoelastic moduli of actin/filamin solutions: a micro-rheologic study. Biochem Soc Trans. 21:1993;37S.
19. Tempel M, Isenberg G, Sackmann E. Temperature-induced solgel transition and microgel formation in alpha-actinin cross-linked actin networks - a rheological study. Phys Rev E. 54:1996;1802-1810 A combination of rheology and electron microscopy shows that the temperature-sensitive gelation of F-actin by alpha-actin causes the formation of microgel domains within the crosslinked networks.
20. 2) is very close to that measured by Yasuda, and consistent with a uniform cylinder with measured bending modulus. A surprisingly small twist (90 deg) of a filament with thousands of subunits greatly reduced the force needed to break the filament under elongational stress.
21. Tirion MM, ben Avraham D, Lorenz M, Holmes KC. Normal modes as refinement parameters for the F-actin model. Biophys J. 68:1995;5-12.
22. Ben Avraham D, Tirion MM. Dynamic and elastic properties of F-actin: a normal-modes analysis. Biophys J. 68:1995;1231-1245.
23. Prochiniewicz E, Zhang O, Howard EC, Thomas DD. Microsecond rotational dynamics of actin: spectroscopic detection and theoretical simulation. J Mol Biol. 255:1996;446-457 Measurements of torsion on a millisecond time scale using phosphorescence polarization shows a remarkably high degree of flexibility more consistent with internal dynamics than with whole body twisting or rotation.
24. Egelman EH, Orlova A. New insights into actin filament dynamics. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 5:1995;172-180.
25. Orlova A, Prochiniewic E, Egelman EH. Structural dynamics of F-actin: II. Cooperatively in structural transitions. J Mol Biol. 245:1995;598-607.
26. Orlova A, Egelman EH. Structural dynamics of F-actin: I. Changes in the C terminus. J Mol Biol. 245:1995;582-597.
27. Prochniewicz E, Zhang Q, Janmey P, Thomas D. Cooperativity in F-actin: binding of gelsolin at the barbed end effects structure and dynamics of the whole filament. J Mol Biol. 260:1996;756-766.
28. Götter R, Goldmann WH, Isenberg G. Internal actin filament dynamics in the presence of vinculin: a dynamic light scattering study. FEBS Lett. 359:1995;220-222.
29. Götter R, Kroy K, Frey E, Bärmann M, Sackmann E. Dynamic light scattering from semidilute actin solutions - a study of hydrodynamics screening, filament bending stiffness, and the effect of tropomyosin/troponin-binding. Macromolecules. 29:1996;30-36 Quasielastic light scattering is used to investigate the effect of the tropomyosin/triponin (Tm/Tn) complex on the bending stiffness of actin filaments. The bending stiffness is found to increase with binding of the Tm/Tn complex.
30. Schutt C, Lindberg U, Myslik J. Actin in ribbons. Nature. 353:1991;508.
31. Suzuki N, Tamura Y, Mihashi K. Compressibility and specific volume of actin decrease upon G to F transformation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1292:1996;265-272.
32. Schwienbacher G, Magri E, Trombetta G, Grazi E. Osmotic properties of the calcium-regulated actin filament. Biochemistry. 34:1995;1090-1095.
33. Suzuki A, Ito T. Polymorphism of F-actin assembly. 2. Effects of barbed end capping on F-actin assembly. Biochemistry. 35:1996;5245-5249 A quantitative analysis of the transition from isotropic networks to bundled structures caused by molecular crowding and how the effects of end-capping proteins alter this transition by not only changing filament length, but by inducing cooperative reorganization of the filament.
34. Kaufmann S, Käs J, Goldmann WH, Sackmann E, Isenberg G. Talin anchors and nucleates actin filaments at lipid membranes. A direct demonstration. FEBS Lett. 314:1992;203-205.
35. Schmidt CF, Bärman M, Isenberg G, Sackmann E. Chain dynamics, mesh size, and diffusive transport in networks of polymerized actin - a quasielastic light scattering and microfluorescence study. Macromolecules. 22:1989;3638-3649.
36. Suzuki A, Maeda T, Ito T. Formation of liquid crystalline phase of actin filament solutions and its dependence on filament length as studied by optical birefringence. Biophys J. 59:1991;25-30.
37. Coppin CM, Leavis PC. Quantitation of liquid-crystalline ordering in F-actin solutions. Biophys J. 63:1992;794-807.
38. Furukawa R, Kundra R, Fechheimer M. Formation of liquid crystals from actin filaments. Biochemistry. 32:1993;12346-12352.
39. Howard T, Oresajo C. The kinetics of chemotactic peptide-induced change in F-actin content, distribution, and the shape of neutrophils. J Cell Biol. 101:1985;1078-1085.
40. Janmey PA, Hvidt S, Peetermans J, Lamb J, Ferry JD. Stossel TP. Viscoelasticity of F-actin and F-actin/gelsolin complexes Biochemistry. 27:1988;8218-8227.
41. Janmey PA, Hvidt S, Käs J, Lerche D, Maggs A, Sackmann E, Schliwa M, Stossel TP. The mechanical properties of actin gels. Elastic modulus and filament motions. J Biol Chem. 269:1994;32503-32513.
42. De Gennes PG. Dynamics of entangled polymer solutions. I. The Rouse model. Macromolecules. 9:1976;587-593.
43. MacKintosh F, Käs J, Janmey PA. Elasticity of semiflexible biopolymer networks. Phys Rev Lett. 75:1995;4425-4428.
44. Isambert H, Maggs A. Dynamics and rheology of actin-solutions. Macromolecules. 29:1996;1036-1040 The shear modulus arising from orientational entropy is calculated for an uncrosslinked solution of semiflexible polymer, such as actin. The dependence of the shear modulus on polymer concentration was established for this model. This paper also includes a useful discussion of the various dynamical regimes and crossovers as a function of frequency.
45. 2.
46. Kroy K, Frey E. Force-extension relation and plateau modulus for wormlike chains. Phys Rev Lett. 77:1996;306-309 The authors determine the force-extension relation for rigidly anchored worm-like chains, including both entropic elasticity and direct bending contributions. Implications of this for the plateau shear modulus of semiflexible polymer gels are discussed.
47. Fixman M, Kovac J. Polymer conformational statistics. III. Modified Gaussian models of stiff chains. J Chem Phys. 58:1973;1564-1568.
48. Semenov AN. Dynamics of concentrated solution of rigid-chain polymers. Brownian motion of persistent macromolecules in isotropic solution. Chem Soc Faraday Trans 2. 82:1986;317-329.
49. Doi M, Edwards SF. The Theory of Polymer Dynamics. 1986;Clarendon Press, Oxford.
50. Freundlich H, Seifriz W. Über die elastizität von solen und gelen. Z Phys Chem. On the elasticity of solutions and gels. 104:1992;233.
51. Crick F, Hughes A. The physical properties of cytoplasm. Exp Cell Res. 1:1950;37-80.
52. King M, Macklem PT. Rheological properties of microliter quantities of normal mucus. J Appl Physiol. 42:1977;797-802.
53. Kuo SC, Sheetz MP. Force of single kinesen molecules measured with optical tweezers. Science. 260:1993;232-234.
54. Svoboda K, Block SM. Biological applications of optical forces. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct. 23:1994;247-285.
55. Svoboda K, Schmidt CF, Schnapp BJ, Block SM. Direct observation of kinesin stepping by optical trapping interferometry. Nature. 365:1993;717-727.
56. Zaner KS, Valberg PA. Viscoelasticity of F-actin measured with magnetic microparticles. J Cell Biol. 109:1989;2233-2243.
57. Schnurr B, Gittes F, Olmstead PD, Schmidt CF, MacKintosh FC. Local viscoelasticity of biopolymer solutions. Austin R, Halsey T, Wirtz D. Statistical Mechanics in Physics and Biology Symposium): 1996 Dec 2-5; Boston. 1997;Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, A high resolution technique is described for the measurement of particle motion is soft materials such as polymer solutions. Both actin and polyacrylamide gels are studied. This technique is sensitive to short time motion, which permits the measurement of shear moduli as a function of frequency up to a few kilohertz.
58. Mason T, Wirtz D. Concentrated DNA rheology and microrheology. Austin R, Halsey T, Wirtz D. Statistical Mechanics in Physics and Biology (Statistical Mechanics in Physics and Biology Symposium); 1996 DEc 2-5; Boston. 1997;Materials Research Society, Pittsburg, The authors describe a technique for video tracking of particle motions in concentrated DNA solutions. From thermal motions, the shear modulus as a function of frequency is estimated. This is compared with macroscopic rheology.
59. Allen PG, Shuster C, Käs J, Chaponnier C, Janmey PA, Herman I. Phalloidin binding and rheological differences among different actin isoforms. Biochemistry. 35:1997;14062-14069.
60. Janssen KP, Eichinger L, Janmey PA, Noegel AA, Schliwa M, Witke W, Schleicher M. Viscoelastic properties of F-actin solutions in the presence of normal and mutated actin-binding proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys. 325:1996;183-189.
61. Mason TG, Weitz DA. Optical measurements of a frequency dependent linear viscoelastic moduli of complex fluids. Phys Rev Lett. 74:1995;1250-1253.
62. Mason TG, Gang H, Weitz DA. Rheology of complex fluids mesured by dynamic light scattering. J Mol Struct. 383:1996;91-90 These papers describe a method for determining viscoelastic parameters such as the storage and loss moduli as a function of frequency by observation of the scattered light from soft materials. This technique is based on the multiple scattering of light from added colloidal particles. This allows for both high spatial solution and high frequency measurements.
63. De Gennes PG. Scaling Concepts in Polymer Physics. 1979;Cornell University Press, Ithaca.
64. Milner ST. Dynamical theory of concentration fluctuations in polymer solutions under shear. Phys Rev E. 48:1993;3674-3691.
65. Forgacs G. Biological specificity and measurable physical properties of cell surface receptors and their possible role in signal transduction through the cytoskeleton. Biochem Cell Biol. 73:1995;317-326.
66. Ingber D. Tensegrity: the architectural basis of cellular mechanostransduction. Annu Rev Physiol. 59:1997;575-599 A thorough review of the evidence that the stiffness of cells and their ability to transmit mechanical forces to the cell interior is governed by a complex of contractile and incompressible elements rather than by the passive viscoelasticity of the polymer networks of the cytoskeleton.
67. MacKintosh F, Käs J, Janmey P. Viscoelasticity in semiflexible polymers. Trends Polym Sci. 1997;. in press.
68. Shah J, Janmey. Strain hardening of fibrin gels and plasma clots. Rheol Acta. 36:1997;1-17.
69. Leterrier JF, Käs J, Hartwig J, Vegners R, Janmey PA. Mechanical effects of neurofilament cross-bridges. Modulation by phosphorylation, lipids, and interactions with F-actin. J Biol Chem. 271:1996;15687-15694.
70. Malek AM, Izumo S. Mechanism of endothelial cell shape change and cytoskeletal remodelling in response to fluid shear stress. J Cell Sci. 109:1996;713-716.
71. Mogilner A, Oster G. The physics of lamellipodial protrusion. Eur Biophys J. 25:1996;47-53 A quantitative analysis of how the elasticity of actin networks, and the flexibility of single filaments can provide the directed motion required for protrusive of the cell periphery.
72. Cossart P. Actin-based bacterial motility. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 7:1995;94-101.
73. Cudmore S, Cossart P, Griffiths G, Way M. Actin-based motility of vaccinia virus. Nature. 378:1995;636-638.
74. Small JV, Herzog M, Anderson K. Actin filament organization in the fish keratocyte lamellipodium. J Cell Biol. 129:1995;1275-1286.
75. Khokhlov AR, Semenov AN. Liquid-crystalline ordering in the solution of long persistent chains. Physica A. 108:1981;546-556.
76. Rubinstein M, Ajdarai A, Bastide J, Leibler L. Comments on fluctuations of cross-links in gel. Makromol Chem, Macromol Symp. 62:1992;61-73.