Quantum kinetic theory. IV. Intensity and amplitude fluctuations of a Bose-Einstein condensate at finite temperature including trap loss

Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Volumn 58, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 1450-1464

  Jaksch, D ^a   Gardiner, C W ^b   Gheri, K M ^a   Zoller, P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK   (Austria)

^b VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000771030     PISSN: 10502947     EISSN: 10941622     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.58.1450     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. C. W. Gardiner and P. Zoller, Phys. Rev. A 55, 2902 (1997).PLRAAN
2. D. Jaksch, C. W. Gardiner, and P. Zoller, Phys. Rev. A 56, 575 (1997).PLRAAN
3. C. W. Gardiner and P. Zoller, e-print cond-mat/9712002.
4. J. Anglin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 6 (1997).PRLTAO
5. M. Anderson, J. R. Ensher, M. R. Matthews, C. E. Wieman, and E. A. Cornell, Science 269, 198 (1995).SCIEAS
6. K. B. Davies, M.-O. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, N. J. van Druten, D. S. Durfee, D. M. Kurn, and W. Ketterle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3969 (1995).PRLTAO
7. C. C. Bradley, C. A. Sackett, J. J. Tollet, and R. Hulet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1687 (1995).PRLTAO
8. D. J. Heinzen, see http://storm.ph.utexas.edu/dept/research/heinzen/bose.html
9. L. Hau, see BEC HomePage, http://amo.phy.gasou.edu/bec.html
10. B. Anderson and M. Kasevich, see BEC HomePage, http://amo.phy.gasou.edu/bec.html/
11. G. Rempe, see BEC HomePage, http://amo.phy.gasou.edu/bec.html/
12. P. Villain, M. Lewenstein, R. Dum, Y. Castin, L. You, A. Imamoglu, and T. B. A. Kennedy, J. Mod. Opt.44, 1775 (1997).JMOPEW
13. J. Javanainen and S. M. Yoo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 161 (1997); PRLTAO
14. Phys. Rev. Lett.M. Lewenstein and L. You, 77, 3489 (1997);
15. Phys. Rev. Lett.A. Imamoglu, M. Lewenstein, and L. You, 78, 2511 (1997);
16. R. Graham, T. Wong, M. J. Collet, S. M. Tan, and D. F. Walls, Phys. Rev. A57, 493 (1998).PLRAAN
17. Y. Castin and J. Dalibard, Phys. Rev. A 55, 4330 (1997); PLRAAN
18. J. Javanainen and M. Wilkens, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4675 (1997); PRLTAO
19. M. J. Steel and D. F. Walls, Phys. Rev. A 56, 3832 (1997).PLRAAN
20. For a discussion of measurement of the phase of the Bose condensate, see J. I. Cirac, C. W. Gardiner, M. Naraschewski, and P. Zoller, Phys. Rev. A 54, R3714 (1996); PLRAAN
21. Phys. Rev. AA. Imamoglu and T. A. B. Kennedy, 55, R849 (1997);
22. Phys. Rev. AJ. Ruostekoski and D. F. Walls, 55, 3625 (1997);
23. Phys. Rev. AJ. RuostekoskiD. F. Walls56, 2996 (1997).
24. C. W. Gardiner, Phys. Rev. A 56, 1414 (1997).PLRAAN
25. E. A. Burt, R. W. Ghrist, C. J. Myatt, M. J. Holland, E. A. Cornell, and C. E. Wieman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 337 (1997).PRLTAO
26. W. Ketterle and N. J. van Druten, Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37, 181 (1996).AAMPEQ
27. C. W. Gardiner, Quantum Noise (Springer, Berlin, 1991).
28. K. M. Gheri, D. F. Walls, and M. A. Marte, Phys. Rev. A 46, 6002 (1992).PLRAAN
29. The correlation functions [Eqs. (1) and (7)] refer to fluctuation properties inside the trap. This must be related to the correlation functions describing the response of the atom counter by a proper theory of an output coupler. In this context, see H. Steck, M. Naraschewski, and H. Wallis, LANL e-print, quant-ph/9708014;
30. E. V. Goldstein and P. Meystre, LANL e-print, physics/9710043;
31. R. J. Ballagh, K. Burnett, and T. F. Scott, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1607 (1997); PRLTAO
32. Phys. Rev. Lett.M.-O. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, D. M. Kurn, D. S. Durfee, C. G. Townsend, and W. Ketterle, 78, 582 (1997).
33. C. J. Myatt, E. A. Burt, R. W. Ghrist, E. A. Cornell, and C. E. Wieman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 586 (1997).PRLTAO
34. C. W. Gardiner, P. Zoller, R. J. Ballagh, and M. J. Davis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1793 (1997).PRLTAO
35. This implies that fluctuations of particles from the condensate mode to quasiparticle modes as well as to very low-lying one-particle excitations are not included in this approach. Calculations on fluctuations between the condensate mode and low-lying excited modes can be found in S. Giorgini, L. P. Pitaevskii, and S. Stringari, LANL e-print, cond-mat/9711065.
36. C. W. Gardiner and P. Zoller (unpublished).
37. M. Davis, R. J. Ballagh, C. W. Gardiner, and P. Zoller (unpublished).
38. M. Holland, K. Burnett, C. Gardiner, J. I. Cirac, and P. Zoller, Phys. Rev. A 54, R1757 (1996).PLRAAN
39. P. Fedichev, M. Reynolds, and G. V. Shlyapnikov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2921 (1996).PRLTAO
40. B. D. Esry, C. H. Greene, Y. Zhou, and C. D. Lin, J. Phys. B 29, L51 (1996).JPAPEH
41. H. M. J. M. Boesten, A. J. Moerdijk, and B. J. Verhaar, Phys. Rev. A 54, R29 (1996).PLRAAN
42. H. Ritsch, Quantum Opt. 2, 189 (1990).QUOPET
43. This equation is found by neglecting all fluctuations. Inclusion of fluctuations into this equation has not yet been done, and is clearly desirable. However, in current experiments fluctuations in the initial conditions due to technical uncertainties between two experimental runs are much larger than any fluctuations one could expect from a fundamental point of view. See H.-J. Miesner, D. M. Stamper-Kurn, M. R. Andrews, D. S. Durfee, S. Inouye, and W. Ketterle, Science279, 1005 (1998).SCIEAS
44. C. W. Gardiner, M. D. Lee, R. J. Ballagh, M. J. Davis, and P. Zoller, LANL e-print, cond-mat/9801027.
45. The use of this approximation for the terms involving (Formula presented) leads to the decay rate of (Formula presented) instead of (Formula presented) as expected from the expression for (Formula presented). However, for parameters chosen according to current experimental setups, the exact value of the rate (Formula presented) has only a minor influence on the correlation function (Formula presented).
46. D. F. Walls and G. J. Milburn Quantum Optics (Springer, New York, 1994).
47. H. Ritsch and P. Zoller, Phys. Rev. A 38, 4657 (1988).PLRAAN
48. F. Sols and R. A. Hegstrom, Fundamental Problems in Quantum Physics (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1995), p. 299.
49. F. Dalfovo, S. Giorgini, M. Guilleumas, L. Pitaevskii, and S. Stringari, Phys. Rev. A 56, 3840 (1997).PLRAAN
50. A. Griffin, Phys. Rev. B 53, 9341 (1996).PRBMDO
51. D. A. W. Hutchinson, E. Zaremba, and A. Griffin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1842 (1997). PRLTAO