Organic/inorganic hybrid network materials by the sol-gel approach

Chemistry of Materials

Volumn 8, Issue 8, 1996, Pages 1667-1681

  Wen, Jianye ^a   Wilkes, Garth L ^a  

^a State University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001222706     PISSN: 08974756     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/cm9601143     Document Type: Review

References (192)

1. Wilkes, G. L.; Orler, B.; Huang, H. Polym. Prepr. 1985, 26, 300.
2. Schmidt, H. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1985, 73, 681.
3. Schmidt, H; Philipp, G. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1984, 63, 283.
4. Schmidt, H; Scholze, H; Kaiser, H. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1984, 63, 1.
5. Schmidt, H. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1984, 32, 327.
6. Wilkes, G. L.; Brenann, A. B.; Huang, H.; Rodrigues, D.; Wang, B. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1990, 177, 15.
7. Wilkes, G. L.; Huang, H.; Glaser, R. H. Silicon-Based Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Resource; Advances in Chemistry Ser. 224; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1990; p 207.
8. Mark, J. E.; Pan, S. J. Makromol. Chem. Rapid Commun. 1982, 3, 681.
9. Mark, J. E.; Jiang, C.; Tang, M. Macromolecules 1984, 17, 2613.
10. Ning, Y. P.; Tang, M. Y.; Jiang, C. Y.; Mark, J. E.; Roth, W. C. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1984, 29, 3209.
11. Mark, J. E. In Frontiers of Macromolecular Science; Saegusa, T., Higashimura, H., Abe, A., Eds.; Blackwell Scientific Publishers: Oxford, 1989.
12. Mark, J. E. Chemtech 1989, 19, 230.
13. Mark, J. E.; Wang, S.; Xu, P.; Wen, J. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1992, 274, 77.
14. Schaefer, D. W.; Jian, L.; Sun, C.-C.; McCarthy, D.; Jiang, C.-Y.; Ning, Y.-P.; Mark, J. E.; Spooner, S. In Ultrastructure Processing of Advanced Materials; Uhlmann, D. R., Ulrich, D. R., Eds.; Wiley & Sons: New York, 1992.
15. Mark, J. E.; Calvert, P. D. J. Mater. Sci., Part C 1994, 1, 159.
16. Wang, S. B.; Mark, J. E. Polym. Bull. 1987, 17, 231.
17. Mark, J. E.; Wang, S. B. Polym. Bull. 1988, 20, 443.
18. Wang, S. B.; Mark, J. E. J. Macromol. Sci., Macromol. Rep. 1991, A28, 185.
19. Clarson, S. J.; Mark, J. E. Polym. Commun. 1989, 30, 275.
20. Landry, C. J. T.; Coltrain, B. K. Polymer 1992, 33, 1486.
21. Landry, C. J. T.; Coltrain, B. K; Wesson, J. A.; Zumbulyadis, N. Polymer 1992, 33, 1496.
22. Sun, C.-C.; Mark, J. E. J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 1987, 25, 1561.
23. Shelly, D. B.; Giannelis, E. P. Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 1597.
24. Krenceski, M. A.; Cantow, H. j.; Mulhaupt, R. PMSE Prepr. 1994, 70, 356.
25. Shao, P. L.; Mauritz, K. A.; Moore, R. B. Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 192.
26. (a) Mauritz, K. A.; Stefanithis, I. D.; Davis, S. V.; Scheetz, R. W.; Pope, R. K.; Wilkes, G. L.; Huang, H. H. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1995, 55, 181.
27. (c) Mauritz, K. A.; Warren, R. M. Macromolecules 1989, 22, 1730.
28. Mauritz, K. A.; Jones, C. K. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1990, 40, 1401.
29. Wen, J.; Mark, J. E. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1994, 67, 806.
30. Wen, J.; Mark, J. E. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1995, 58, 1135.
31. Mark, J. E.; Erman, B. Rubberlike Elasticity: A Molecular Primer; Wiley & Sons: New York, 1988.
32. Pope, E. J. A.; Asami, M.; Mackenzie, J. D. J. Mater. Res. 1989, 4, 1017.
33. Pope, E. J. A.; Mackenzie, J. D. MRS. Bull. 1987, 12, 29.
34. Abramoff, B.; Klein, L. C. In Sol-Gel Optics I; Mackenzie, J. D., Ulrich, D. R., Eds.; Proc. SPIE 1328; Washington, DC, 1990; p 241.
35. Landry, C. J. T.; Coltrain, B. K. Polym. Prepr. 1990, 32, 514.
36. (a) Yoshida, M; Prasad, P. N. Chem. Mtaer. 1996, 8, 235.
37. (b) Suzuki, F.; Onozato, K J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1990, 39, 371.
38. Saegusa, T. J. Macromol. Sci., Chem. 1991, A28, 817.
39. Messermith, P. B.; Stupp, S. I. Polym. Prepr. 1991, 32, 536.
40. (a) David, I. A.; Scherer, G. W. Polym. Prepr. 1991, 32, 530.
41. (b) David, I. A.; Scherer, G. W. Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 1957.
42. Novak, B. M.; Ellsworth, N.; Wallow, T. I.; Davies, C. Polym. Prepr. 1990, 31, 698.
43. Novak, B. M.; Davies, C. Macromolecules 1991, 24, 5481.
44. Nakanishi, K.; Soga, N. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1992, 139, 1.
45. Prasad, P. N. Polymer 1991, 32, 1746.
46. Avnir, D.; Levy, D.; Reisfeld, R. J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 5956.
47. Levy, D.; Einhorn, S; Avnir, D. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1989, 113, 137.
48. Kobayashi, Y.; Kurokawa, Y.; Imai, Y.; Mut, S. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1988,105, 198.
49. Avnir, D.; Kaufman, V. R.; Reisfeld, R. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1985, 74, 395.
50. Tanaka, H.; Takahashi, H.; Tsuchiya, J. J, Non-Cryst. Solids 1989, 109, 164.
51. Pang, Y.; Samoc, M.; Prasad, P. N. J. Chem. Phys. 1991, 94, 5282.
52. Avnir, D.; Braun, S.; Ovadia, L.; Ottolenghi, M. Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 1605.
53. Sanchez, C.; Alonso, B.; Chapusot, F.; Ribot, F. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 1994, 1, 161.
54. Krug, H.; Schmidt, H. New J. Chem. 1994, 18, 1125.
55. Nass, R.; Schmidt, H. SPIE 1990, 1328, 258.
56. Schmidt, H.; Wolter, H. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1990, 121, 428.
57. Novak, B. M.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7542.
58. Brennan, A. B.; Miller, T. M.; Vinocur, R. B. In Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Composites; Mark, J. E., Ed.; ACS Series 585; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995; p 142.
59. Ellsworth, M. W.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2756.
60. Ellsworth, M. W.; Novak, B. M. Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 839.
61. Giannelis, E. P. In Synthesis and Processing of Ceramics: Scientific Issues; Rhine, W. E., Ed.; MRS: Pittsburgh, PA, 1992.
62. Giannelis, E. P. JOM 1992, 44, 28.
63. Usuki, A.; Kujima, Y.; Kawasumi, M.; Okada, A.; Fukushima, Y.; Kurauchi, T.; Kamigaito, O. J Mater. Res. 1993, 8, 1179.
64. Kojima, Y.; Usuki, A.; Kawasumi, M.; Okada, A.; Kurauchi, T.; Kamigaito, O. J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. 1993, 31, 983.
65. Kojima, Y.; Usuki, A.; Kawasumi, M.; Okada, A.; Fukushima, Y.; Kurauchi, T.; Kamigaito, O. J. Mater. Res. 1993, 8, 1185.
66. Heuer, A. H.; Fink, D. J.; Laraia, V. J.; Calvert, P. D.; Kendall, K.; Messing, G. L.; Blackwell, J.; Rieke, P. C.; Thompson, D. H.; Wheeler, A. P.; Veis, A.; Caplan, A. I. Science 1992, 255, 1098.
67. Wen, J.; Wilkes, G. L. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 1995, 5, 115.
68. Schmidt, H. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1990, 777, 3.
69. Kasemann, R.; Schmidt, H. New J. Chem. 1994, 18, 1117.
70. Schmidt, H.; Kasemann, R.; Burkhart, T.; Wagner, G.; Arpac, E.; Geiter, E. In Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Composites; Mark, J. E., Ed.; ACS Series 585; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995; p 331.
71. Tamami, B.; Betrabet, C.; Wilkes, G. L. Polym. Bull. 1993, 30, 393.
72. Tamami, B.; Betrabet, C.; Wilkes, G. L. Polym. Bull. 1993, 30, 39.
73. Wang, B.; Wilkes, G. L. J. Macromol. Sci., Pure Appl. Chem. 1994, A31, 249.
74. Betrabet, C.; Wilkes, G. I. Polym. Prepr. 1992, 33(2), 286.
75. Wen, J.; Wilkes, G. L. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 1995, 5, 343.
76. Wen, J.; Wilkes, G. L. PMSE Prepr. 1995, 73, 429.
77. Lebeau, B.; Guermeur, Sanchez, C. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1994, 346, 315.
78. Wang, C. J.; Pang, Y.; Prasad, P. N. Polymer 1991, 32, 605.
79. Prasad, P. N.; Bright, F. V.; Narang, U.; Wang, R.; Dunbar, R. A. PMSE Prepr. 1994, 70, 349.
80. Schmidt, H.; Scholze, H.; Tunker, G. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1986, 80, 557.
81. Canva, M.; Georges, P.; Perelgritz, J.-F.; Brum, A.; Chaput, F.; Boilot, J.-P. Appl. Opt. 1995, 34, 428.
82. Knobbe, E. T.; Dunn, B.; Fuqua, P. D.; Nishida, F. Appl. Opt. 1990, 29, 2729.
83. Zusman, R.; Rottman, C.; Ottolenghi, M.; Avnir, D. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1990, 122, 107.
84. Dave, B. C.; Dunn, B.; Valentine, J. S.; Zink, J. I. Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 1120A.
85. (a) Sanchez, C.; Ribot, F. New J. Chem. 1994, 78, 1007.
86. (b) Schubert, U.; Husing, N.; Lorenz, A. Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 2010.
87. (c) Mark. J. E. In Diversity Into the Next Century; Martinez, R. J., Arris, H., Emerson, J. A., Pike, G., Eds.; SAMPE Publications: Covina, CA, 1995; Vol. 27.
88. (d) Mark, J. E. In Heterogeneous Chemistry Reviews, in press.
89. (e) Mark, J. E.; Wang, S.; Ahmad, Z. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 731.
90. Novak, B. M. Adv. Mater. 1993, 5, 422.
91. Komarneni, S. J. Mater. Chem. 1992, 2, 1219.
92. Schmidt, H. Top. Issues Glasses 1993, 1, 13.
93. Schmidt, H. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 1994, 1, 217.
94. Brennan, A. B.; Miller, T. M. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Tech., 4th ed.; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New York, 1994; Vol. 12, p 644.
95. Mascia, L. Trends Polym. Sci. 1995, 3, 61.
96. Wen, J.; Wilkes, G. L. In The Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia: Synthesis, Properties and Applications; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, in press.
97. Krug, H.; Schmidt, H. New J. Chem. 1994, 18, 1125.
98. Prasad, P. N.; Bright, F. V.; Narang, U.; Wang, R.; Dunbar, R. A.; Jordan, J. D.; Gvishi, R. In Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Composites; Mark, J. E., Ed.; ACS Series 585; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995; p 317.
99. Dislich, H. Angew. Chem. 1971, 83, 428.
100. Sakka, S.; Kamiya, K. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1980, 42, 403.
101. Sakka, S. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1985, 73, 651.
102. Klein, L. C. Sol-Gel Technology for Thin Films, Fibers, Preforms, Electronics, and Especially Shapes; Noyes Publications: Park Ridge, NJ, 1988.
103. Yoldas, B. E. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1984, 63, 145.
104. Ulrich, D. R. Chemtech 1988, 18, 242.
105. Brinker, C. J.; Scherrer, G. W. Sol-Gel Science, the Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 1990.
106. Itrastructure Processing of Advanced Ceramics; Mackenzie, J. D., Ulrich, D. R., Eds.; Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1988.
107. Yoldas, B. E. J. Mater. Sci. 1986, 21, 1086.
108. Keefer, K. D. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1984, 32, 15.
109. Schaefer, D. W.; Wilcoxon, J. P.; Keefer, K. D.; Bunker, B. C.; Pearson, R. K.; Thomas, I. M.; Miller, D. E. AlP Conf. Proc. 1987, 154, 63.
110. Bradley, D. C.; Mehrotra, R. C.; Gaur, D. P. Metal alkoxides; Academic: London, 1978.
111. Ribot, F.; Toledano, P.; Sanchez, C. Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 759.
112. Mehrota, R. C.; Bohra, R.; Gaur, D. P. Metal β-Diketonates and Allied Derivatives; Academic: London, 1978.
113. Guglielmi, M.; Carturan, G. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1988, 100, 16.
114. Schmidt, H. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1988, 100, 51.
115. Schmidt, H.; Seiferling, B. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1986, 73, 739.
116. Parkhurst, C. S.; Doyle, L. A.; Silverman, L. A.; Singh, S.; Anderson, M. P.; McClurg, D.; Wnek, G. E.; Uhlmann, D. R. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1986, 73, 769.
117. Huang, H.; Orler, B.; Wilkes, G. L. Polym. Bull. 1985, 14, 557.
118. Glaser, R. H.; Wilkes, G. L. Polym Bull. 1988, 19, 51.
119. Huang, H.; Orler, B.; Wilkes, G. L. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 1322.
120. Brennan, A. B.; Wang, B.; Rodrigues, D. E.; Wilkes, G. L. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 1991, 1, 167.
121. Spinu, M.; McGrath, J. E. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 1992, 2, 103.
122. Wen, J.; Mark, J. E. Polym. J. 1995, 27, 492.
123. Kohjiya, S.; Ochiai, K.; Yamashita, S. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1990, 119, 132.
124. Chung, Y. J.; Ting, S. J.; Mackenzie, J. D. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1990, 180, 981.
125. Morita, K.; Hu, Y.; Mackenzie, J. D. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1992, 277, 693.
126. Kramer, S. J.; Mackenzie, J. D. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1994, 346, 709.
127. Iwamoto, T.; Mackenzie, J. D. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1994, 346, 397.
128. Babonneau, F. Polyhedron 1994, 13, 1123.
129. Joardar, S. S. Ph.D. Thesis, Virginia Tech., 1992.
130. Huang, H.; Wilkes, G. L. Polym. Bull. 1987, 18, 455.
131. Huang, H.; Wilkes, G. L. Polymers 1989, 30, 2001.
132. Huang, H.; Glaser, R. H.; Wilkes, G. L. In Inorganic & Organometallic Polymers; Zeldin, M., Wynne, K. J., Allcock, H. R., Eds.; ACS Symp. Ser. 360; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987; p 354.
133. Brennan, A. B.; Wang, B.; Rodrigues, D. E.; Wilkes, G. L. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 1991, 1, 167.
134. Rodrigues, D. E.; Wilkes, G. L. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 1993, 3, 197.
135. (a) Rodrigues, D. E.; Brennan, A. B.; Betrabet, C.; Wang, B.; Wilkes, G. L. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 1437.
136. (b) Betrabet, C. S. Ph.D. Thesis, Virginia Tech., 1993.
137. Betrabet, C. S.; Wilkes, G. L. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 1994, 4, 343.
138. Brennan, A. B. Ph.D. Thesis, Virginia Tech., 1990.
139. Rodrigues, D. Ph.D. Thesis, Virginia Tech., 1991.
140. Brennan, A. B.; Wilkes, G. L. U.S. Patent 5,316,695.
141. (a) Wei, Y.; Bakthavatchalam, R.; Whitecar, C. K. Chem. Mater. 1990, 2, 337.
142. (b) Sunkara, H. B.; Jethmalani, J. M.; Ford, W. T. Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 362.
143. Mourey, T. H.; Miller, S. M.; Wesson, J. A.; Long, T. E.; Kelts, L. W. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 45.
144. Chujo, Y.; Ihara, E.; Kure, S.; Suzuki, K.; Saegusa, T. Makromol. Chem. Macromol. Symp. 1991, 42/43, 303.
145. Morikawa, A.; Iyoku, Y.; Kakimoto, M.; Imai, Y. J. Mater. Chem. 1992, 2, 679.
146. Nandi, M.; Conklin, J. A.; Salvati, L., Jr.; Sen, A. Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 201.
147. Wang, S.; Ahmad, Z.; Mark, J. E. Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 943.
148. Kioul, A.; Mascia, L. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1994, 175, 169.
149. (a) Iyoku, Y.; Kakimoto, M.; Imai, Yoshio. High Perform. Polym. 1994, 6, 95.
150. (b) Jeng, R. J.; Chen, Y. M.; Jain, A. K.; Kumar, J.; Tripathy, S. K. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 1141.
151. (c) Morikawa, A.; Iyoku, Y.; Kakimoto, M.; Imai, Y. Polym. J. 1992, 24, 107.
152. (d) Morikawa, A.; Yamaguchi, H.; Kakimoto, M.; Imai, Y. Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 913.
153. Ahmad, Z.; Wang, S.; Mark, J. E. In Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Composites; Mark, J. E., Ed.; ACS Series 585; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995; p 291.
154. Surivet, F.; Lam, T. M.; Pascault, J. P.; Pham, Q. T. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 4309.
155. Surivet, F.; Lam, T. M.; Pascault, J. P.; Pham, Q. T. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 5742.
156. Messersmith, P. B.; Giannelis, E. P. Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 1719.
157. Landry, C. J. T.; Coltrain, B. K.J. M. S.- Pure Appl. Chem. 1994, A31, 1965.
158. Yano, S.: Nakamura, K; Kodomari, M.; Yamauchi, N. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1994, 54, 163.
159. Wen, J.; Vasudevan, V. J.; Wilkes, G. L. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 1995, 5, 115.
160. Boulton, J. M.; Thompson, J.; Fox, H. H.; Gorodisher, L; Teowee, G.; Calvert, P. D.; Uhlmann, D. R. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1990, 180, 987.
161. Saegusa, T. PMSE Polym. Prepr. 1994, 70, 371.
162. Saegusa, T. Polym. Prepr. 1993, 34, 804.
163. Wei, Y.; Wang, W.; Yang, D.; Tang, L. Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 1737.
164. Wang, B.; Wilkes, G. L.; Smith, C. D.; McCrath, J. E. Polym. Commun. 1991, 32, 400.
165. Wang, B.; Wilkes, G. L.; Hedrick, J. C.; Liptak, S. C.; McCrath, J. E. Macromolecules 1991, 24, 3449.
166. Shojaie, S. S.; Rials, T. G.; Kelley, S. S. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1995, 58, 1263.
167. Wei, Y.; Yang, D. C.; Tang, L. G. Makromol Chem., Rapid Commun. 1993, 14, 273.
168. Brinker, C. J.; Scherer, G. W. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1985, 70, 301.
169. Wang, B.; Huang, H.; Brennan, A. B.; Wilkes, G. L. Polym. Prepr. 1989, 30, 227.
170. Noell, J. L. W.; Wilkes, G. L.; Mohanty, D. K.; McCrath, J. E. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1990, 40, 1177.
171. (a) Betrabet, C. S.; Wilkes, G. L. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 1995, 7, 535.
172. (b) Brennan, A. B.; Miller, T. M. Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 262.
173. Gillham, J. K. In Developments in Polymer Characterization; Dawkins, J. V., Ed.; Applied Science: London, 1982; Vol. 3, Chapter 5.
174. Brennan, A. B.; Wilkes, G. L. Polymer 1991, 32, 733.
175. Wang, B.; Brennan, A. B.; Huang, H.; Wilkes, G. L. J. Macromol. Sci., Chem. 1990, A27, 1447.
176. Wang, B.; Huang, H.; Brennan, A. B.; Wilkes, G. L. Polym. Prepr. 1989, 30, 146.
177. Wang, B.; Wilkes, G. L. J. Polym. Sci., Part A 1991, 29, 905.
178. Rodrigues, D. E.; Wilkes, G. L. Polym. Prepr. 1989, 30, 227.
179. (a) Saegusa, T. PMSE Prepr. 1994, 70, 371.
180. (b) Saegusa, T.; Chujo, Y. J. Macromol. Sci., Chem. 1990, A27, 1603.
181. Wen, J.; Wilkes, G. L., unpublished results.
182. Saegusa, T. Macromol. Sci., Chem. 1991, A28, 817.
183. Landry, M. J.; Coltrain, B. K.; Landry, C. J. T.; O'Reilly, J. M. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 1995, 33, 637.
184. Schmidt, H. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1989, 112, 419.
185. Schmidt, H. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1990, 180, 961.
186. Luneau, I. G.; Mosset, A.; Galy, J.; Schmidt, H. J. Mater. Sci. 1990, 89, 3739.
187. Nab, R.; Schmidt, H. SPIE 1990, 1328, 258.
188. Schubert, U.; Schwertfeger, F.; Husing, N.; Seyfried, E. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1994, 346, 151.
189. Schmidt, H.; Seiferling, B.; Philipp, G.; Deichmann, K. In Ultrastructure of Processing of Advanced Ceramics; Mackenzie, J. D., Ulrich, D, R., Eds.; New York, 1988; p 651.
190. Wang, B; Wilkes, G. L. U.S. Patent 5,316,855.
191. Shea, K. J.; Loy, D. A. Chem, Mater. 1989, 1, 572.
192. Loy, D. A.; Shea, K. J. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 1431.