On the validity of the McConnell-I model of ferromagnetic interactions: The [2.2]paracyclophane example

Journal of Physical Chemistry A

Volumn 102, Issue 43, 1998, Pages 8404-8412

  Deumal, Mercè ^a   Novoa, Juan J ^a   Bearpark, Michael J ^b   Celani, Paolo ^b   Olivucci, Massimo ^c   Robb, Michael A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000569867     PISSN: 10895639     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp982252g     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. For a recent overview, see: (a) Miller, J. S.; Epstein, A. J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 385-415. (b) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH Publishers: New York, 1993. (c) Kinoshita, M. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1994, 33, 5718. (d) Gatteschi, D., Kahn, O., Miller, J. S., Palacio, F., Eds.; Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991. (e) Iwamura, H., Miller, J. S., Eds., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1993, 232/233, 1-360/1-366. (f) Miller, J. S., Epstein, A. J., Eds. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 272-274. (g) Itoh, K., Miller, J. S., Takui, T., Eds. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1997, 305-306. (h) Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds. Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to Devices; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1996. (i) Kahn, O., Ed.; Magnetism: A Supramolecular Function; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1996.
2. For a recent overview, see: (a) Miller, J. S.; Epstein, A. J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 385-415. (b) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH Publishers: New York, 1993. (c) Kinoshita, M. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1994, 33, 5718. (d) Gatteschi, D., Kahn, O., Miller, J. S., Palacio, F., Eds.; Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991. (e) Iwamura, H., Miller, J. S., Eds., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1993, 232/233, 1-360/1-366. (f) Miller, J. S., Epstein, A. J., Eds. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 272-274. (g) Itoh, K., Miller, J. S., Takui, T., Eds. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1997, 305-306. (h) Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds. Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to Devices; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1996. (i) Kahn, O., Ed.; Magnetism: A Supramolecular Function; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1996.
3. For a recent overview, see: (a) Miller, J. S.; Epstein, A. J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 385-415. (b) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH Publishers: New York, 1993. (c) Kinoshita, M. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1994, 33, 5718. (d) Gatteschi, D., Kahn, O., Miller, J. S., Palacio, F., Eds.; Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991. (e) Iwamura, H., Miller, J. S., Eds., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1993, 232/233, 1-360/1-366. (f) Miller, J. S., Epstein, A. J., Eds. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 272-274. (g) Itoh, K., Miller, J. S., Takui, T., Eds. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1997, 305-306. (h) Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds. Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to Devices; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1996. (i) Kahn, O., Ed.; Magnetism: A Supramolecular Function; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1996.
4. For a recent overview, see: (a) Miller, J. S.; Epstein, A. J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 385-415. (b) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH Publishers: New York, 1993. (c) Kinoshita, M. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1994, 33, 5718. (d) Gatteschi, D., Kahn, O., Miller, J. S., Palacio, F., Eds.; Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991. (e) Iwamura, H., Miller, J. S., Eds., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1993, 232/233, 1-360/1-366. (f) Miller, J. S., Epstein, A. J., Eds. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 272-274. (g) Itoh, K., Miller, J. S., Takui, T., Eds. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1997, 305-306. (h) Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds. Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to Devices; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1996. (i) Kahn, O., Ed.; Magnetism: A Supramolecular Function; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1996.
5. For a recent overview, see: (a) Miller, J. S.; Epstein, A. J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 385-415. (b) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH Publishers: New York, 1993. (c) Kinoshita, M. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1994, 33, 5718. (d) Gatteschi, D., Kahn, O., Miller, J. S., Palacio, F., Eds.; Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991. (e) Iwamura, H., Miller, J. S., Eds., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1993, 232/233, 1-360/1-366. (f) Miller, J. S., Epstein, A. J., Eds. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 272-274. (g) Itoh, K., Miller, J. S., Takui, T., Eds. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1997, 305-306. (h) Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds. Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to Devices; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1996. (i) Kahn, O., Ed.; Magnetism: A Supramolecular Function; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1996.
6. For a recent overview, see: (a) Miller, J. S.; Epstein, A. J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 385-415. (b) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH Publishers: New York, 1993. (c) Kinoshita, M. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1994, 33, 5718. (d) Gatteschi, D., Kahn, O., Miller, J. S., Palacio, F., Eds.; Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991. (e) Iwamura, H., Miller, J. S., Eds., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1993, 232/233, 1-360/1-366. (f) Miller, J. S., Epstein, A. J., Eds. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 272-274. (g) Itoh, K., Miller, J. S., Takui, T., Eds. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1997, 305-306. (h) Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds. Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to Devices; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1996. (i) Kahn, O., Ed.; Magnetism: A Supramolecular Function; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1996.
7. For a recent overview, see: (a) Miller, J. S.; Epstein, A. J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 385-415. (b) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH Publishers: New York, 1993. (c) Kinoshita, M. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1994, 33, 5718. (d) Gatteschi, D., Kahn, O., Miller, J. S., Palacio, F., Eds.; Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991. (e) Iwamura, H., Miller, J. S., Eds., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1993, 232/233, 1-360/1-366. (f) Miller, J. S., Epstein, A. J., Eds. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 272-274. (g) Itoh, K., Miller, J. S., Takui, T., Eds. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1997, 305-306. (h) Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds. Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to Devices; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1996. (i) Kahn, O., Ed.; Magnetism: A Supramolecular Function; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1996.
8. For a recent overview, see: (a) Miller, J. S.; Epstein, A. J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 385-415. (b) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH Publishers: New York, 1993. (c) Kinoshita, M. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1994, 33, 5718. (d) Gatteschi, D., Kahn, O., Miller, J. S., Palacio, F., Eds.; Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991. (e) Iwamura, H., Miller, J. S., Eds., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1993, 232/233, 1-360/1-366. (f) Miller, J. S., Epstein, A. J., Eds. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 272-274. (g) Itoh, K., Miller, J. S., Takui, T., Eds. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1997, 305-306. (h) Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds. Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to Devices; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1996. (i) Kahn, O., Ed.; Magnetism: A Supramolecular Function; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1996.
9. For a recent overview, see: (a) Miller, J. S.; Epstein, A. J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 385-415. (b) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH Publishers: New York, 1993. (c) Kinoshita, M. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1994, 33, 5718. (d) Gatteschi, D., Kahn, O., Miller, J. S., Palacio, F., Eds.; Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991. (e) Iwamura, H., Miller, J. S., Eds., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1993, 232/233, 1-360/1-366. (f) Miller, J. S., Epstein, A. J., Eds. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 272-274. (g) Itoh, K., Miller, J. S., Takui, T., Eds. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1997, 305-306. (h) Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds. Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to Devices; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1996. (i) Kahn, O., Ed.; Magnetism: A Supramolecular Function; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1996.
10. For a review of some stable radicals and its use in magnetism, see: (a) Lahti, P. M. In Design of Organic-Based Materials with Controlled Magnetic Properties; ACS Symposium Series 664; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thomposon, L. K., Eds.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996. (b) Rajca, A. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 871-893. (c) Dougherty, D. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 1991, 24, 88.
11. For a review of some stable radicals and its use in magnetism, see: (a) Lahti, P. M. In Design of Organic-Based Materials with Controlled Magnetic Properties; ACS Symposium Series 664; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thomposon, L. K., Eds.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996. (b) Rajca, A. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 871-893. (c) Dougherty, D. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 1991, 24, 88.
12. For a review of some stable radicals and its use in magnetism, see: (a) Lahti, P. M. In Design of Organic-Based Materials with Controlled Magnetic Properties; ACS Symposium Series 664; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thomposon, L. K., Eds.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996. (b) Rajca, A. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 871-893. (c) Dougherty, D. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 1991, 24, 88.
13. For some recent examples of purely organic ferromagnets within this family, see: (a) Turek, P.; Nozawa, D.; Shiomi, K.; Awaga, K.; Inabe, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Kinoshita, M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1991, 180, 327. (b) Awaga, K.; Okuno, A.; Yamaguchi, A.; Hasegawa, M.; Inabe, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Wada, N. Phys. Rev. B 1994, 49, 3975. (c) Harnández, E.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Rovira, C.; Veciana, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 882. (d) Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9095. (e) Cirujeda, J.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Laugier, J.; Geun Park, J.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P.; Rovira, C.; Veciana, J. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 709. (f) Caneschi, A.; Ferraro, F.; Gatteschi, D.; le Lirzin, A.; Rentschier, E. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1995, 235, 159. (g) Cirujeda, J.; Hernández, E.; Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Laugier, J.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Rovira, C.; Novoa, J. J.; Rey, P.; Veciana, J. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 271, 1. (h) Akita, T.; Mazaki, Y.; Kobayashi, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2092. (i) Lang, A.; Pei, L.; Ouohab, L.; Kahn, O. Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 60.
14. For some recent examples of purely organic ferromagnets within this family, see: (a) Turek, P.; Nozawa, D.; Shiomi, K.; Awaga, K.; Inabe, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Kinoshita, M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1991, 180, 327. (b) Awaga, K.; Okuno, A.; Yamaguchi, A.; Hasegawa, M.; Inabe, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Wada, N. Phys. Rev. B 1994, 49, 3975. (c) Harnández, E.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Rovira, C.; Veciana, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 882. (d) Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9095. (e) Cirujeda, J.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Laugier, J.; Geun Park, J.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P.; Rovira, C.; Veciana, J. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 709. (f) Caneschi, A.; Ferraro, F.; Gatteschi, D.; le Lirzin, A.; Rentschier, E. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1995, 235, 159. (g) Cirujeda, J.; Hernández, E.; Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Laugier, J.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Rovira, C.; Novoa, J. J.; Rey, P.; Veciana, J. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 271, 1. (h) Akita, T.; Mazaki, Y.; Kobayashi, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2092. (i) Lang, A.; Pei, L.; Ouohab, L.; Kahn, O. Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 60.
15. For some recent examples of purely organic ferromagnets within this family, see: (a) Turek, P.; Nozawa, D.; Shiomi, K.; Awaga, K.; Inabe, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Kinoshita, M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1991, 180, 327. (b) Awaga, K.; Okuno, A.; Yamaguchi, A.; Hasegawa, M.; Inabe, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Wada, N. Phys. Rev. B 1994, 49, 3975. (c) Harnández, E.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Rovira, C.; Veciana, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 882. (d) Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9095. (e) Cirujeda, J.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Laugier, J.; Geun Park, J.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P.; Rovira, C.; Veciana, J. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 709. (f) Caneschi, A.; Ferraro, F.; Gatteschi, D.; le Lirzin, A.; Rentschier, E. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1995, 235, 159. (g) Cirujeda, J.; Hernández, E.; Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Laugier, J.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Rovira, C.; Novoa, J. J.; Rey, P.; Veciana, J. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 271, 1. (h) Akita, T.; Mazaki, Y.; Kobayashi, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2092. (i) Lang, A.; Pei, L.; Ouohab, L.; Kahn, O. Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 60.
16. For some recent examples of purely organic ferromagnets within this family, see: (a) Turek, P.; Nozawa, D.; Shiomi, K.; Awaga, K.; Inabe, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Kinoshita, M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1991, 180, 327. (b) Awaga, K.; Okuno, A.; Yamaguchi, A.; Hasegawa, M.; Inabe, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Wada, N. Phys. Rev. B 1994, 49, 3975. (c) Harnández, E.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Rovira, C.; Veciana, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 882. (d) Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9095. (e) Cirujeda, J.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Laugier, J.; Geun Park, J.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P.; Rovira, C.; Veciana, J. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 709. (f) Caneschi, A.; Ferraro, F.; Gatteschi, D.; le Lirzin, A.; Rentschier, E. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1995, 235, 159. (g) Cirujeda, J.; Hernández, E.; Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Laugier, J.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Rovira, C.; Novoa, J. J.; Rey, P.; Veciana, J. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 271, 1. (h) Akita, T.; Mazaki, Y.; Kobayashi, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2092. (i) Lang, A.; Pei, L.; Ouohab, L.; Kahn, O. Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 60.
17. For some recent examples of purely organic ferromagnets within this family, see: (a) Turek, P.; Nozawa, D.; Shiomi, K.; Awaga, K.; Inabe, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Kinoshita, M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1991, 180, 327. (b) Awaga, K.; Okuno, A.; Yamaguchi, A.; Hasegawa, M.; Inabe, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Wada, N. Phys. Rev. B 1994, 49, 3975. (c) Harnández, E.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Rovira, C.; Veciana, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 882. (d) Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9095. (e) Cirujeda, J.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Laugier, J.; Geun Park, J.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P.; Rovira, C.; Veciana, J. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 709. (f) Caneschi, A.; Ferraro, F.; Gatteschi, D.; le Lirzin, A.; Rentschier, E. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1995, 235, 159. (g) Cirujeda, J.; Hernández, E.; Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Laugier, J.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Rovira, C.; Novoa, J. J.; Rey, P.; Veciana, J. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 271, 1. (h) Akita, T.; Mazaki, Y.; Kobayashi, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2092. (i) Lang, A.; Pei, L.; Ouohab, L.; Kahn, O. Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 60.
18. For some recent examples of purely organic ferromagnets within this family, see: (a) Turek, P.; Nozawa, D.; Shiomi, K.; Awaga, K.; Inabe, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Kinoshita, M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1991, 180, 327. (b) Awaga, K.; Okuno, A.; Yamaguchi, A.; Hasegawa, M.; Inabe, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Wada, N. Phys. Rev. B 1994, 49, 3975. (c) Harnández, E.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Rovira, C.; Veciana, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 882. (d) Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9095. (e) Cirujeda, J.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Laugier, J.; Geun Park, J.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P.; Rovira, C.; Veciana, J. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 709. (f) Caneschi, A.; Ferraro, F.; Gatteschi, D.; le Lirzin, A.; Rentschier, E. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1995, 235, 159. (g) Cirujeda, J.; Hernández, E.; Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Laugier, J.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Rovira, C.; Novoa, J. J.; Rey, P.; Veciana, J. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 271, 1. (h) Akita, T.; Mazaki, Y.; Kobayashi, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2092. (i) Lang, A.; Pei, L.; Ouohab, L.; Kahn, O. Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 60.
19. For some recent examples of purely organic ferromagnets within this family, see: (a) Turek, P.; Nozawa, D.; Shiomi, K.; Awaga, K.; Inabe, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Kinoshita, M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1991, 180, 327. (b) Awaga, K.; Okuno, A.; Yamaguchi, A.; Hasegawa, M.; Inabe, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Wada, N. Phys. Rev. B 1994, 49, 3975. (c) Harnández, E.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Rovira, C.; Veciana, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 882. (d) Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9095. (e) Cirujeda, J.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Laugier, J.; Geun Park, J.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P.; Rovira, C.; Veciana, J. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 709. (f) Caneschi, A.; Ferraro, F.; Gatteschi, D.; le Lirzin, A.; Rentschier, E. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1995, 235, 159. (g) Cirujeda, J.; Hernández, E.; Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Laugier, J.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Rovira, C.; Novoa, J. J.; Rey, P.; Veciana, J. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 271, 1. (h) Akita, T.; Mazaki, Y.; Kobayashi, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2092. (i) Lang, A.; Pei, L.; Ouohab, L.; Kahn, O. Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 60.
20. For some recent examples of purely organic ferromagnets within this family, see: (a) Turek, P.; Nozawa, D.; Shiomi, K.; Awaga, K.; Inabe, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Kinoshita, M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1991, 180, 327. (b) Awaga, K.; Okuno, A.; Yamaguchi, A.; Hasegawa, M.; Inabe, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Wada, N. Phys. Rev. B 1994, 49, 3975. (c) Harnández, E.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Rovira, C.; Veciana, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 882. (d) Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9095. (e) Cirujeda, J.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Laugier, J.; Geun Park, J.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P.; Rovira, C.; Veciana, J. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 709. (f) Caneschi, A.; Ferraro, F.; Gatteschi, D.; le Lirzin, A.; Rentschier, E. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1995, 235, 159. (g) Cirujeda, J.; Hernández, E.; Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Laugier, J.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Rovira, C.; Novoa, J. J.; Rey, P.; Veciana, J. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 271, 1. (h) Akita, T.; Mazaki, Y.; Kobayashi, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2092. (i) Lang, A.; Pei, L.; Ouohab, L.; Kahn, O. Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 60.
21. For some recent examples of purely organic ferromagnets within this family, see: (a) Turek, P.; Nozawa, D.; Shiomi, K.; Awaga, K.; Inabe, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Kinoshita, M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1991, 180, 327. (b) Awaga, K.; Okuno, A.; Yamaguchi, A.; Hasegawa, M.; Inabe, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Wada, N. Phys. Rev. B 1994, 49, 3975. (c) Harnández, E.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Rovira, C.; Veciana, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 882. (d) Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9095. (e) Cirujeda, J.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Laugier, J.; Geun Park, J.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P.; Rovira, C.; Veciana, J. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 709. (f) Caneschi, A.; Ferraro, F.; Gatteschi, D.; le Lirzin, A.; Rentschier, E. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1995, 235, 159. (g) Cirujeda, J.; Hernández, E.; Lanfranc de Panthou, F.; Laugier, J.; Mas, M.; Molins, E.; Rovira, C.; Novoa, J. J.; Rey, P.; Veciana, J. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 271, 1. (h) Akita, T.; Mazaki, Y.; Kobayashi, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2092. (i) Lang, A.; Pei, L.; Ouohab, L.; Kahn, O. Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 60.
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