메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 250-287

Phonemic awareness instruction helps children learn to read: Evidence from the National Reading Panels meta-analysis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0000551112     PISSN: 00340553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1598/RRQ.36.3.2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (965)

References (116)
  • 1
    • 0039737713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note: An asterisk marks those publications that provided data for the meta-analysis
    • Note: An asterisk marks those publications that provided data for the meta-analysis.
  • 4
    • 84904617307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonological awareness training for beginning readers: A meta-analysis of reading posttests
    • April. San Diego, CA
    • APTHORP, H. (1998, April). Phonological awareness training for beginning readers: A meta-analysis of reading posttests. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, CA.
    • (1998) Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association
    • Apthorp, H.1
  • 5
    • 84935638670 scopus 로고
    • Does phoneme awareness training in kindergarten make a difference in early word recognition and developmental spelling?
    • * BALL, E., & BLACHMAN, B. (1991). Does phoneme awareness training in kindergarten make a difference in early word recognition and developmental spelling? Reading Research Quarterly, 26, 49-66.
    • (1991) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.26 , pp. 49-66
    • Ball, E.1    Blachman, B.2
  • 6
    • 84937291724 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of computer-assisted instruction in phonological awareness with below average readers
    • * BARKER, T., & TORGESEN, J. (1995). An evaluation of computer-assisted instruction in phonological awareness with below average readers. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 13, 89-103.
    • (1995) Journal of Educational Computing Research , vol.13 , pp. 89-103
    • Barker, T.1    Torgesen, J.2
  • 7
    • 21344475728 scopus 로고
    • On the interaction between phonological awareness and reading acquisition: It's a two-way street
    • * BENTIN, S., & LESHEM, H. (1993). On the interaction between phonological awareness and reading acquisition: It's a two-way street. Annals of Dyslexia, 43, 125-148.
    • (1993) Annals of Dyslexia , vol.43 , pp. 125-148
    • Bentin, S.1    Leshem, H.2
  • 8
    • 85071586930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonological awareness
    • M. Kamil, P. Mosenthal, P. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • BLACHMAN, B. (2000). Phonological awareness. In M. Kamil, P. Mosenthal, P. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds.), Handbook of reading research (Vol. 3, pp. 483-502). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2000) Handbook of Reading Research , vol.3 , pp. 483-502
    • Blachman, B.1
  • 9
    • 34249770635 scopus 로고
    • Kindergarten teachers develop phoneme awareness in low-income, inner-city classrooms: Does it make a difference?
    • * BLACHMAN, B., BALL, E., BLACK, R., & TANGEL, D. (1994). Kindergarten teachers develop phoneme awareness in low-income, inner-city classrooms: Does it make a difference? Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 6, 1-18.
    • (1994) Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , vol.6 , pp. 1-18
    • Blachman, B.1    Ball, E.2    Black, R.3    Tangel, D.4
  • 11
    • 84973712252 scopus 로고
    • The 2 sigma problem: The search for methods of group instruction as effective as one-to-one tutoring
    • BLOOM, B. (1984). The 2 sigma problem: The search for methods of group instruction as effective as one-to-one tutoring. Educational Researcher, 13, 4-16.
    • (1984) Educational Researcher , vol.13 , pp. 4-16
    • Bloom, B.1
  • 12
    • 0020700815 scopus 로고
    • Categorizing sounds and learning to read: A causal connection
    • * BRADLEY, L., & BRYANT, P. (1983). Categorizing sounds and learning to read: A causal connection. Nature, 301, 419-421.
    • (1983) Nature , vol.301 , pp. 419-421
    • Bradley, L.1    Bryant, P.2
  • 13
    • 0004162748 scopus 로고
    • International Academy for Research in Learning Disabilities, Monograph Series, 1, Ann Arbor, Ml: University of Michigan Press. (This is a more complete report of Bradley & Bryant, 1983)
    • * BRADLEY, L., & BRYANT, P. (1985). Rhyme and reason in reading and spelling (International Academy for Research in Learning Disabilities, Monograph Series, 1, 75-95). Ann Arbor, Ml: University of Michigan Press. (This is a more complete report of Bradley & Bryant, 1983)
    • (1985) Rhyme and Reason in Reading and Spelling , pp. 75-95
    • Bradley, L.1    Bryant, P.2
  • 14
    • 21844523798 scopus 로고
    • Training phonological awareness: A study with inner-city kindergarten children
    • * BRADY, S., FOWLER, A., STONE, B., & WINBURY, N. (1994). Training phonological awareness: A study with inner-city kindergarten children. Annals of Dyslexia, 44, 26-59.
    • (1994) Annals of Dyslexia , vol.44 , pp. 26-59
    • Brady, S.1    Fowler, A.2    Stone, B.3    Winbury, N.4
  • 15
    • 0005188206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Training phonological awareness: A study to evaluate the effects of a program of metalinguistic games in kindergarten
    • * BRENNAN, F., & IRESON, J. (1997). Training phonological awareness: A study to evaluate the effects of a program of metalinguistic games in kindergarten. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 9, 241-263.
    • (1997) Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , vol.9 , pp. 241-263
    • Brennan, F.1    Ireson, J.2
  • 16
    • 33750170018 scopus 로고
    • Persistence of dyslexies' phonological awareness deficits
    • BRUCK, M. (1992). Persistence of dyslexies' phonological awareness deficits. Developmental Psychology, 28, 874-886.
    • (1992) Developmental Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 874-886
    • Bruck, M.1
  • 17
    • 21144464988 scopus 로고
    • Component spelling skills of college students with childhood diagnoses of dyslexia
    • BRUCK, M. (1993). Component spelling skills of college students with childhood diagnoses of dyslexia. Learning Disability Quarterly, 16, 171-184.
    • (1993) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.16 , pp. 171-184
    • Bruck, M.1
  • 18
    • 0040740391 scopus 로고
    • Preparatory reading instruction in kindergarten: Some comparative research into methods of auditory and auditory-visual training of phonemic analysis and blending
    • * BUS, A. (1986). Preparatory reading instruction in kindergarten: Some comparative research into methods of auditory and auditory-visual training of phonemic analysis and blending. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 62, 11-24.
    • (1986) Perceptual and Motor Skills , vol.62 , pp. 11-24
    • Bus, A.1
  • 19
    • 0033408212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonological awareness and early reading: A meta-analysis of experimental training studies
    • BUS, A., & VAN IJZENDOORN, M. (1999). Phonological awareness and early reading: A meta-analysis of experimental training studies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 403-414.
    • (1999) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.91 , pp. 403-414
    • Bus, A.1    Van Ijzendoorn, M.2
  • 20
    • 84970304972 scopus 로고
    • Joint book reading makes for success in learning to read: A meta-analysis on intergenerational transmission of literacy
    • BUS, A., VAN IJZENDOORN, M., & PELLEGRINI, A. (1995). Joint book reading makes for success in learning to read: A meta-analysis on intergenerational transmission of literacy. Review of Educational Research, 65, 1-21.
    • (1995) Review of Educational Research , vol.65 , pp. 1-21
    • Bus, A.1    Van Ijzendoorn, M.2    Pellegrini, A.3
  • 21
    • 0039635695 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children
    • * BYRNE, B., & FIELDING-BARNSLEY, R. (1991). Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83, 451-455.
    • (1991) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.83 , pp. 451-455
    • Byrne, B.1    Fielding-Barnsley, R.2
  • 22
    • 58149205125 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children: A 1-year follow-up
    • This is a first follow-up to Byrne & Fielding-Barnsley, 1991
    • * BYRNE, B., & FIELDING-BARNSLEY, R. (1993). Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children: A 1-year follow-up. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 104-111. (This is a first follow-up to Byrne & Fielding-Barnsley, 1991)
    • (1993) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.85 , pp. 104-111
    • Byrne, B.1    Fielding-Barnsley, R.2
  • 23
    • 58149364280 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children: A 2- and 3-year follow-up and a new preschool trial
    • This is a second follow-up to Byrne & Fielding-Barnsley, 1991
    • * BYRNE, B., & FIELDING-BARNSLEY, R. (1995). Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children: A 2- and 3-year follow-up and a new preschool trial. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 488-503. (This is a second follow-up to Byrne & Fielding-Barnsley, 1991)
    • (1995) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.87 , pp. 488-503
    • Byrne, B.1    Fielding-Barnsley, R.2
  • 24
    • 21844515952 scopus 로고
    • Getting off to a better start in reading and spelling: The effects of phonemic awareness instruction within a whole language program
    • * CASTLE, J. M., RIACH, J., & NICHOLSON, T. (1994). Getting off to a better start in reading and spelling: The effects of phonemic awareness instruction within a whole language program. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86, 350-359.
    • (1994) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.86 , pp. 350-359
    • Castle, J.M.1    Riach, J.2    Nicholson, T.3
  • 27
    • 84925975946 scopus 로고
    • Educational outcomes of tutoring: A meta-analysis of findings
    • COHEN, P., KULIK, J., & KULIK, C. (1982). Educational outcomes of tutoring: A meta-analysis of findings. American Educational Research Journal, 19, 237-248.
    • (1982) American Educational Research Journal , vol.19 , pp. 237-248
    • Cohen, P.1    Kulik, J.2    Kulik, C.3
  • 30
    • 38249016733 scopus 로고
    • Explicit versus implicit instruction in phonemic awareness
    • * CUNNINGHAM, A. (1990). Explicit versus implicit instruction in phonemic awareness. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 50, 429-444.
    • (1990) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.50 , pp. 429-444
    • Cunningham, A.1
  • 31
    • 84937311873 scopus 로고
    • Effects of phonemic processes on word reading and spelling
    • * DAVIDSON, M., & JENKINS, J. (1994). Effects of phonemic processes on word reading and spelling. Journal of Educational Research, 87, 148-157.
    • (1994) Journal of Educational Research , vol.87 , pp. 148-157
    • Davidson, M.1    Jenkins, J.2
  • 33
    • 0039772514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the use and misuse of research evidence: Decoding two states' reading initiatives
    • DRESSMAN, M. (1999). On the use and misuse of research evidence: Decoding two states' reading initiatives. Reading Research Quarterly, 34, 258-285.
    • (1999) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.34 , pp. 258-285
    • Dressman, M.1
  • 34
    • 0003166544 scopus 로고
    • Linguistic insight: Threshold of reading acquisition
    • T.G. Waller & G.E. MacKinnon (Eds.), New York: Academic Press
    • EHRI, L. (1979). Linguistic insight: Threshold of reading acquisition. In T.G. Waller & G.E. MacKinnon (Eds.), Reading research: Advances in theory and practice (Vol. 1, pp. 63-114). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1979) Reading Research: Advances in Theory and Practice , vol.1 , pp. 63-114
    • Ehri, L.1
  • 35
    • 0002733689 scopus 로고
    • The development of orthographic images
    • U. Frith (Ed.), London: Academic Press
    • EHRI, L. (1980). The development of orthographic images. In U. Frith (Ed.), Cognitive processes in spelling (pp. 311-338). London: Academic Press.
    • (1980) Cognitive Processes in Spelling , pp. 311-338
    • Ehri, L.1
  • 36
    • 0001353296 scopus 로고
    • Development of the ability to read words
    • R. Barr, M.L. Kamil, P. Mosenthal, & P.D. Pearson (Eds.), New York: Longman
    • EHRI, L. (1991). Development of the ability to read words. In R. Barr, M.L. Kamil, P. Mosenthal, & P.D. Pearson (Eds.), Handbook of reading research, (Vol. 2, pp. 383-417). New York: Longman.
    • (1991) Handbook of Reading Research , vol.2 , pp. 383-417
    • Ehri, L.1
  • 37
    • 0002798529 scopus 로고
    • Reconceptualizing the development of sight word reading and its relationship to receding
    • P. Gough, L. Ehri, & R. Treiman (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • EHRI, L. (1992). Reconceptualizing the development of sight word reading and its relationship to receding. In P. Gough, L. Ehri, & R. Treiman (Eds.), Reading acquisition (pp. 107-143). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1992) Reading Acquisition , pp. 107-143
    • Ehri, L.1
  • 38
    • 0001793449 scopus 로고
    • Development of the ability to read words: Update
    • R. Ruddell, M. Ruddell & H. Singer (Eds.), Newark, DE: International Reading Association
    • EHRI, L. (1994). Development of the ability to read words: Update. In R. Ruddell, M. Ruddell & H. Singer (Eds.), Theoretical models and processes of reading (4th ed., pp. 323-358). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
    • (1994) Theoretical Models and Processes of Reading 4th Ed. , pp. 323-358
    • Ehri, L.1
  • 39
    • 0002034937 scopus 로고
    • Cipher versus cue reading: An experiment in decoding acquisition
    • EHRI, L., & WILCE, L. (1987a). Cipher versus cue reading: An experiment in decoding acquisition. Journal of Educational Psychology, 79, 3-13.
    • (1987) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.79 , pp. 3-13
    • Ehri, L.1    Wilce, L.2
  • 40
    • 84936364461 scopus 로고
    • Does learning to spell help beginners learn to read words?
    • * EHRI, L., & WILCE, L. (1987b). Does learning to spell help beginners learn to read words? Reading Research Quarterly, 22, 48-65.
    • (1987) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.22 , pp. 48-65
    • Ehri, L.1    Wilce, L.2
  • 41
    • 84925897789 scopus 로고
    • Sound blending and learning to read: An experimental investigation
    • * FARMER, A., NIXON, M., & WHITE, R. (1976). Sound blending and learning to read: An experimental investigation. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 46, 155-163.
    • (1976) British Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.46 , pp. 155-163
    • Farmer, A.1    Nixon, M.2    White, R.3
  • 42
    • 0000224682 scopus 로고
    • Persistence of phonological awareness deficits in older children with dyslexia
    • FAWCETT, A., & NICOLSON, R. (1995). Persistence of phonological awareness deficits in older children with dyslexia. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 7, 361-376.
    • (1995) Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , vol.7 , pp. 361-376
    • Fawcett, A.1    Nicolson, R.2
  • 43
    • 0002587294 scopus 로고
    • Phonemic analysis and synthesis as word-attack skills
    • * FOX, B., & ROUTH, D. (1976). Phonemic analysis and synthesis as word-attack skills. Journal of Educational Psychology, 68, 70-74.
    • (1976) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 70-74
    • Fox, B.1    Routh, D.2
  • 44
    • 0001050266 scopus 로고
    • Phonemic analysis and synthesis as word attack skills: Revisited
    • * FOX, B., & ROUTH, D. (1984). Phonemic analysis and synthesis as word attack skills: Revisited. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 1059-1064.
    • (1984) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.76 , pp. 1059-1064
    • Fox, B.1    Routh, D.2
  • 46
    • 84970099574 scopus 로고
    • Phonemic awareness helps first graders invent spellings and third graders remember correct spellings
    • GRIFFITH, P. (1991). Phonemic awareness helps first graders invent spellings and third graders remember correct spellings. Journal of Reading Behavior, 23, 215-233.
    • (1991) Journal of Reading Behavior , vol.23 , pp. 215-233
    • Griffith, P.1
  • 47
    • 0040923561 scopus 로고
    • Preventing reading difficulties: Rhyme and alliteration in the real world
    • * GROSS, J., & GARNETT, J. (1994). Preventing reading difficulties: Rhyme and alliteration in the real world. Educational Psychology in Practice , 9, 235-240.
    • (1994) Educational Psychology in Practice , vol.9 , pp. 235-240
    • Gross, J.1    Garnett, J.2
  • 48
    • 0039786604 scopus 로고
    • Effects of an auditory and an auditory-visual method of blending instruction on the ability of prereaders to decode synthetic words
    • * HADDOCK, M. (1976). Effects of an auditory and an auditory-visual method of blending instruction on the ability of prereaders to decode synthetic words. Journal of Educational Psychology, 68, 825-831
    • (1976) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 825-831
    • Haddock, M.1
  • 49
    • 21344480855 scopus 로고
    • Ameliorating early reading failure by integrating the teaching of reading and phonological skills: The phonological linkage hypothesis
    • * HATCHER, P., HULME, C., & ELLIS, A. (1994). Ameliorating early reading failure by integrating the teaching of reading and phonological skills: The phonological linkage hypothesis. Child Development, 65, 41-57.
    • (1994) Child Development , vol.65 , pp. 41-57
    • Hatcher, P.1    Hulme, C.2    Ellis, A.3
  • 50
    • 0000764263 scopus 로고
    • Do alphabet letters help prereaders acquire phonemic segmentation skill?
    • * HOHN, W., & EHRI, L. (1983). Do alphabet letters help prereaders acquire phonemic segmentation skill? Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 752-762.
    • (1983) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.75 , pp. 752-762
    • Hohn, W.1    Ehri, L.2
  • 52
    • 21144477597 scopus 로고
    • Phonological processing skills and the Reading Recovery Program
    • * IVERSEN, S., & TUNMER, W. (1993). Phonological processing skills and the Reading Recovery Program. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 112-126.
    • (1993) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.85 , pp. 112-126
    • Iversen, S.1    Tunmer, W.2
  • 54
    • 0000189393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative synthesis of social psychological research
    • H. Reis & C. Judd (Eds.). London: Cambridge University Press
    • JOHNSON, B., & EAGLY, A. (2000). Quantitative synthesis of social psychological research. In H. Reis & C. Judd (Eds.). Handbook of research methods in social psychology (pp. 496-528). London: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2000) Handbook of Research Methods in Social Psychology , pp. 496-528
    • Johnson, B.1    Eagly, A.2
  • 55
    • 34547786014 scopus 로고
    • Learning to read and write: A longitudinal study of fifty-four children from first through fourth grade
    • JUEL, C. (1988). Learning to read and write: A longitudinal study of fifty-four children from first through fourth grade. Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 437-447.
    • (1988) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.80 , pp. 437-447
    • Juel, C.1
  • 56
    • 0013236037 scopus 로고
    • Acquisition of literacy: A longitudinal study of children in first and second grade
    • JUEL, C., GRIFFITH, P., & GOUGH, P. (1986). Acquisition of literacy: A longitudinal study of children in first and second grade. Journal of Educational Psychology, 78, 243-255.
    • (1986) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.78 , pp. 243-255
    • Juel, C.1    Griffith, P.2    Gough, P.3
  • 57
    • 0001742912 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of the Lindamood Auditory Discrimination in Depth program with students with learning disabilities
    • * KENNEDY, K., & BACKMAN, J. (1993). Effectiveness of the Lindamood Auditory Discrimination in Depth program with students with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 8, 253-259.
    • (1993) Learning Disabilities Research and Practice , vol.8 , pp. 253-259
    • Kennedy, K.1    Backman, J.2
  • 58
    • 21144465333 scopus 로고
    • Preventive treatment of dyslexia by a preschool training program for children with language impairments
    • * KORKMAN, M., & PELTOMAA, A. (1993). Preventive treatment of dyslexia by a preschool training program for children with language impairments. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 22, 277-287.
    • (1993) Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 277-287
    • Korkman, M.1    Peltomaa, A.2
  • 59
    • 0000255766 scopus 로고
    • The effects of early phonological awareness training on reading success
    • * KOZMINSKY, L., & KOZMINSKY, E. (1995). The effects of early phonological awareness training on reading success. Learning and Instruction, 5, 187-201.
    • (1995) Learning and Instruction , vol.5 , pp. 187-201
    • Kozminsky, L.1    Kozminsky, E.2
  • 62
    • 84935412971 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a training program for stimulating skills in word analysis in first-grade children
    • * LIE, A. (1991). Effects of a training program for stimulating skills in word analysis in first-grade children. Reading Research Quarterly, 26, 234-250.
    • (1991) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.26 , pp. 234-250
    • Lie, A.1
  • 65
    • 0028235546 scopus 로고
    • Computer speech-based training of literacy skills in neurologically impaired children: A controlled evaluation
    • * LOVETT, M., BARRON, R., FORBES, J., CUKSTS, B., & STEINBACH, K. (1994). Computer speech-based training of literacy skills in neurologically impaired children: A controlled evaluation. Brain and Language , 47, 117-154.
    • (1994) Brain and Language , vol.47 , pp. 117-154
    • Lovett, M.1    Barron, R.2    Forbes, J.3    Cuksts, B.4    Steinbach, K.5
  • 66
    • 84936526871 scopus 로고
    • Effects of an extensive program for stimulating phonological awareness in preschool children
    • * LUNDBERG, I., FROST, J., & PETERSEN, O. (1988). Effects of an extensive program for stimulating phonological awareness in preschool children. Reading Research Quarterly, 23, 263-284.
    • (1988) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.23 , pp. 263-284
    • Lundberg, I.1    Frost, J.2    Petersen, O.3
  • 67
    • 0022819951 scopus 로고
    • Phonological awareness: The role of reading experience
    • P. Bertelson (Ed.), Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • MANN, V. (1987). Phonological awareness: The role of reading experience. In P. Bertelson (Ed.), The onset of literacy: Cognitive processes in reading acquisition (pp. 65-92). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (1987) The Onset of Literacy: Cognitive Processes in Reading Acquisition , pp. 65-92
    • Mann, V.1
  • 69
    • 84937283036 scopus 로고
    • Phonological training and the alphabet principle: Evidence for reciprocal causality
    • * MCGUINNESS, D., MCGUINNESS, C., & DONOHUE, J. (1995). Phonological training and the alphabet principle: Evidence for reciprocal causality. Reading Research Quarterly, 30, 830-852.
    • (1995) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.30 , pp. 830-852
    • Mcguinness, D.1    Mcguinness, C.2    Donohue, J.3
  • 70
    • 21844493028 scopus 로고
    • Knowledge of language: The missing foundation for teacher education
    • MOATS, L. (1994). Knowledge of language: The missing foundation for teacher education. Annals of Dyslexia, 44, 81-102.
    • (1994) Annals of Dyslexia , vol.44 , pp. 81-102
    • Moats, L.1
  • 72
    • 0032365579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gaining alphabetic insight: Is phoneme manipulation skill or identity knowledge causal?
    • * MURRAY, B. (1998). Gaining alphabetic insight: Is phoneme manipulation skill or identity knowledge causal? Journal of Educational Psychology, 90, 461-475.
    • (1998) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.90 , pp. 461-475
    • Murray, B.1
  • 73
    • 0003695339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Clearinghouse
    • NATIONAL READING PANEL. (2000). Report of the National Reading Panel: Reports of the subgroups. Washington, DC: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Clearinghouse.
    • (2000) Report of the National Reading Panel: Reports of the Subgroups
  • 75
    • 84970442717 scopus 로고
    • Improving the generalization of sound/symbol knowledge: Teaching spelling to kindergarten children with disabilities
    • * O'CONNOR, R., & JENKINS, J. (1995). Improving the generalization of sound/symbol knowledge: Teaching spelling to kindergarten children with disabilities. The Journal of Special Education, 29, 255-275.
    • (1995) The Journal of Special Education , vol.29 , pp. 255-275
    • O'Connor, R.1    Jenkins, J.2
  • 76
    • 21844485449 scopus 로고
    • Transfer among phonological tasks in kindergarten: Essential instructional content
    • * O'CONNOR, R., JENKINS, J., & SLOCUM, T. (1995). Transfer among phonological tasks in kindergarten: Essential instructional content. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 202-217.
    • (1995) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.87 , pp. 202-217
    • O'Connor, R.1    Jenkins, J.2    Slocum, T.3
  • 77
    • 0001310205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ladders to literacy: The effects of teacher-led phonological activities for kindergarten children with and without disabilities
    • * O'CONNOR, R., NOTARI-SYVERSON, A., & VADASY, P. (1996). Ladders to literacy: The effects of teacher-led phonological activities for kindergarten children with and without disabilities. Exceptional Children, 63, 117-130.
    • (1996) Exceptional Children , vol.63 , pp. 117-130
    • O'Connor, R.1    Notari-Syverson, A.2    Vadasy, P.3
  • 78
    • 0002251069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Firstgrade effects of teacher-led phonological activities in kindergarten for children with mild disabilities: A follow-up study
    • This is a follow-up to O'Connor et al., 1996
    • * O'CONNOR, R., NOTARI-SYVERSON, A., & VADASY, P. (1998a). Firstgrade effects of teacher-led phonological activities in kindergarten for children with mild disabilities: A follow-up study. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 13, 43-52. (This is a follow-up to O'Connor et al., 1996)
    • (1998) Learning Disabilities Research and Practice , vol.13 , pp. 43-52
    • O'Connor, R.1    Notari-Syverson, A.2    Vadasy, P.3
  • 81
    • 84984062239 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of long term effects of phonemic awareness training in kindergarten: Illustrations of some methodological problems in evaluation research
    • This is a follow-up to Olofsson & Lundberg, 1983
    • * OLOFSSON, A., & LUNDBERG, I. (1985). Evaluation of long term effects of phonemic awareness training in kindergarten: Illustrations of some methodological problems in evaluation research. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 26, 21-34. (This is a follow-up to Olofsson & Lundberg, 1983)
    • (1985) Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 21-34
    • Olofsson, A.1    Lundberg, I.2
  • 82
    • 0000198959 scopus 로고
    • Comparing instructional models for the literacy education of high-risk first graders
    • PINNELL, G., LYONS, C., DEFORD, D., BRYK, A., & SELTZER M. (1994). Comparing instructional models for the literacy education of high-risk first graders. Reading Research Quarterly, 29, 9-39.
    • (1994) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.29 , pp. 9-39
    • Pinnell, G.1    Lyons, C.2    Deford, D.3    Bryk, A.4    Seltzer, M.5
  • 83
    • 38149145988 scopus 로고
    • The role of phonology in young children learning to read words: The direct-mapping hypothesis
    • RACK, J., HULME, C., SNOWLING, M., & WIGHTMAN, J. (1994). The role of phonology in young children learning to read words: The direct-mapping hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 57, 42-71.
    • (1994) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.57 , pp. 42-71
    • Rack, J.1    Hulme, C.2    Snowling, M.3    Wightman, J.4
  • 84
    • 0002129364 scopus 로고
    • The nonword reading deficit in developmental dyslexia: A review
    • RACK, J., SNOWLING, M., & OLSON, R. (1992). The nonword reading deficit in developmental dyslexia: A review. Reading Research Quarterly, 27, 29-53.
    • (1992) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.27 , pp. 29-53
    • Rack, J.1    Snowling, M.2    Olson, R.3
  • 85
    • 0022819913 scopus 로고
    • The ability to manipulate speech sounds depends on knowing alphabetic writing
    • P. Bertelson (Ed.), Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • READ, C., ZHANG, Y., NIE, H., & DING, B. (1987). The ability to manipulate speech sounds depends on knowing alphabetic writing. In P. Bertelson (Ed.), The onset of literacy: Cognitive processes in reading acquisition (pp. 31-44). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (1987) The Onset of Literacy: Cognitive Processes in Reading Acquisition , pp. 31-44
    • Read, C.1    Zhang, Y.2    Nie, H.3    Ding, B.4
  • 87
    • 84937186581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of computer-assisted training of blending skills in kindergartners
    • * REITSMA, P., & WESSELING, R. (1998). Effects of computer-assisted training of blending skills in kindergartners. Scientific Studies of Reading, 2, 301-320.
    • (1998) Scientific Studies of Reading , vol.2 , pp. 301-320
    • Reitsma, P.1    Wesseling, R.2
  • 88
    • 0030520977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching students to generate questions: A review of the intervention studies
    • ROSENSHINE, B., MEISTER, C., & CHAPMAN, S. (1996). Teaching students to generate questions: A review of the intervention studies. Review of Educational Research, 66, 181-221.
    • (1996) Review of Educational Research , vol.66 , pp. 181-221
    • Rosenshine, B.1    Meister, C.2    Chapman, S.3
  • 89
    • 0003021579 scopus 로고
    • Segmental awareness and dyslexia: Is it possible to learn to segment well and yet continue to read and write poorly?
    • * SANCHEZ, E., & RUEDA, M. (1991). Segmental awareness and dyslexia: Is it possible to learn to segment well and yet continue to read and write poorly? Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 3, 11-18.
    • (1991) Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , vol.3 , pp. 11-18
    • Sanchez, E.1    Rueda, M.2
  • 90
    • 21844506905 scopus 로고
    • On the efficacy of reading to preschoolers
    • SCARBOROUGH, H., & DOBRICH, W. (1994). On the efficacy of reading to preschoolers. Developmental Review, 14, 245-302.
    • (1994) Developmental Review , vol.14 , pp. 245-302
    • Scarborough, H.1    Dobrich, W.2
  • 93
    • 0031227643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-and long-term effects of training phonological awareness in kindergarten: Evidence from two German studies
    • * SCHNEIDER, W., KUSPERT, P., ROTH, E., VISE, M., & MARX, H. (1997). Short-and long-term effects of training phonological awareness in kindergarten: Evidence from two German studies. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 66, 311-340.
    • (1997) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 311-340
    • Schneider, W.1    Kuspert, P.2    Roth, E.3    Vise, M.4    Marx, H.5
  • 96
    • 0040329573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonological awareness: Learning disabilities revisited?
    • * SOLITY, J. (1996). Phonological awareness: Learning disabilities revisited? Educational & Child Psychology, 13, 103-113.
    • (1996) Educational & Child Psychology , vol.13 , pp. 103-113
    • Solity, J.1
  • 97
    • 58149207296 scopus 로고
    • Defining phonological awareness and its relationship to early reading
    • STAHL, S., & MURRAY, B. (1994). Defining phonological awareness and its relationship to early reading. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86, 221-234.
    • (1994) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.86 , pp. 221-234
    • Stahl, S.1    Murray, B.2
  • 98
    • 84965428287 scopus 로고
    • Effect of phoneme awareness instruction on kindergarten children's invented spelling
    • * TANGEL, D., & BLACHMAN, B. (1992). Effect of phoneme awareness instruction on kindergarten children's invented spelling. Journal of Reading Behavior, 24, 233-261.
    • (1992) Journal of Reading Behavior , vol.24 , pp. 233-261
    • Tangel, D.1    Blachman, B.2
  • 99
    • 0000453572 scopus 로고
    • Effects of two types of phonological awareness training on word learning in kindergarten children
    • * TORGESEN, J., MORGAN, S., & DAVIS, C. (1992). Effects of two types of phonological awareness training on word learning in kindergarten children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 364-370.
    • (1992) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.84 , pp. 364-370
    • Torgesen, J.1    Morgan, S.2    Davis, C.3
  • 100
    • 0020788883 scopus 로고
    • Phonemic-analysis training helps children benefit from spelling sound rules
    • * TREIMAN, R., & BARON, J. (1983). Phonemic-analysis training helps children benefit from spelling sound rules. Memory and Cognition, 11, 382-389.
    • (1983) Memory and Cognition , vol.11 , pp. 382-389
    • Treiman, R.1    Baron, J.2
  • 101
    • 0001955219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonological awareness intervention research: A critical review of the experimental methodology
    • TROIA, G. (1999). Phonological awareness intervention research: A critical review of the experimental methodology. Reading Research Quarterly, 34, 28-52.
    • (1999) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.34 , pp. 28-52
    • Troia, G.1
  • 102
    • 84963440806 scopus 로고
    • Segmentation/spelling instruction as part of a first-grade reading program: Effects on several measures of reading
    • * UHRY, J., & SHEPHERD, M. (1993). Segmentation/spelling instruction as part of a first-grade reading program: Effects on several measures of reading. Reading Research Quarterly, 28, 218-233.
    • (1993) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.28 , pp. 218-233
    • Uhry, J.1    Shepherd, M.2
  • 104
    • 0039768897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of one-to-one tutoring by community tutors for at-risk beginning readers
    • * VADASY, P., JENKINS, J., ANTIL, L., WAYNE, S., & O'CONNOR, R. (1997b). The effectiveness of one-to-one tutoring by community tutors for at-risk beginning readers. Learning Disability Quarterly, 20, 126-139.
    • (1997) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.20 , pp. 126-139
    • Vadasy, P.1    Jenkins, J.2    Antil, L.3    Wayne, S.4    O'Connor, R.5
  • 105
    • 84936526616 scopus 로고
    • Phonological coding, phonological awareness, and reading ability: Evidence from a longitudinal and experimental study
    • * VELLUTINO, F., & SCANLON, D. (1987). Phonological coding, phonological awareness, and reading ability: Evidence from a longitudinal and experimental study. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 33, 321-363.
    • (1987) Merrill-Palmer Quarterly , vol.33 , pp. 321-363
    • Vellutino, F.1    Scanlon, D.2
  • 108
    • 0000232905 scopus 로고
    • Causal relations between the development of phonological processing abilities and the acquisition of reading skills: A meta-analysis
    • WAGNER, R. (1988). Causal relations between the development of phonological processing abilities and the acquisition of reading skills: A meta-analysis. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 32, 261-279.
    • (1988) Merrill-Palmer Quarterly , vol.32 , pp. 261-279
    • Wagner, R.1
  • 109
    • 58149370819 scopus 로고
    • The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills
    • WAGNER, R., & TORGESEN, J. (1987). The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 192-212.
    • (1987) Psychological Bulletin , vol.101 , pp. 192-212
    • Wagner, R.1    Torgesen, J.2
  • 110
    • 21344488970 scopus 로고
    • Phoneme awareness in language-delayed children: Comparative studies and intervention
    • * WARRICK, N., RUBIN, H., & ROWE-WALSH, S. (1993). Phoneme awareness in language-delayed children: Comparative studies and intervention. Annals of Dyslexia, 43, 153-173.
    • (1993) Annals of Dyslexia , vol.43 , pp. 153-173
    • Warrick, N.1    Rubin, H.2    Rowe-Walsh, S.3
  • 111
    • 84993024750 scopus 로고
    • Preventing early reading failure with one-to-one tutoring: A review of five programs
    • WASIK, B., & SLAVIN, R. (1993). Preventing early reading failure with one-to-one tutoring: A review of five programs. Reading Research Quarterly, 28, 179-200.
    • (1993) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.28 , pp. 179-200
    • Wasik, B.1    Slavin, R.2
  • 112
    • 84970399878 scopus 로고
    • Effects of phonemic awareness training on low- and middle-achieving first graders' phonemic awareness and reading ability
    • * WEINER, S. (1994). Effects of phonemic awareness training on low- and middle-achieving first graders' phonemic awareness and reading ability. Journal of Reading Behavior, 26, 277-300.
    • (1994) Journal of Reading Behavior , vol.26 , pp. 277-300
    • Weiner, S.1
  • 113
    • 0018977728 scopus 로고
    • Teaching decoding with an emphasis on phoneme analysis and phoneme blending
    • * WILLIAMS, J. (1980). Teaching decoding with an emphasis on phoneme analysis and phoneme blending. Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 1-15.
    • (1980) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 1-15
    • Williams, J.1
  • 115
    • 0033113895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Training phonological awareness with and without explicit attention to articulation
    • * WISE, B., RING, J., & OLSON, R. (1999). Training phonological awareness with and without explicit attention to articulation. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 72, 271-304.
    • (1999) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 271-304
    • Wise, B.1    Ring, J.2    Olson, R.3
  • 116
    • 0034320042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in benefits from computer-assisted remedial reading
    • * WISE, B., RING, J., & OLSON, R. (2000). Individual differences in benefits from computer-assisted remedial reading. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 77, 197-235.
    • (2000) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.77 , pp. 197-235
    • Wise, B.1    Ring, J.2    Olson, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.