Effects of human contact on animal health and well-being

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

Volumn 215, Issue 11, 1999, Pages 1592-1598

  McMillan, Franklin D ^a  

^a VCA Miller Robertson Animal Hospital   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL WELFARE; ARTICLE; DOMESTIC ANIMAL; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; NEWBORN; OBJECT RELATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; STRESS;

ANIMAL WELFARE; ANIMALS; ANIMALS, DOMESTIC; ANIMALS, NEWBORN; BONDING, HUMAN-PET; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; STRESS;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0000539875     PISSN: 00031488     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Katcher AH. Physiologic and behavioral responses to companion animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1985;15: 403-410.
2. Edney ATB. Companion animals and human health: an overview. J R Soc Med 1995;88:704P-708P.
3. Beck AM, Meyers NM. Health enhancement and companion animal ownership. Annu Rev Public Health 1996;17:247-257.
4. Friedmann E, Katcher AH, Lynch JJ, et al. Animal companions and one-year survival of patients after discharge from a coronary care unit. Public Health Rep 1980;95:307-312.
5. Friedmann E, Katcher AH, Thomas S, et al. Social interaction and blood pressure: influence of animal companions. J Nerv Ment Dis 1983;171:461-465.
6. Draper RJ, Gerber GJ, Layng EM. Defining the role of pet animals in psychotherapy. Psychiatr J Univ Ott 1990;15:169-172.
7. Jessen J, Cardiello F, Baun M. Avian companionship in alleviation of depression, loneliness, and low morale of older adults in skilled rehabilitation units. Psychol Rep 1996;78:339-348.
8. Wilson CC. The pet as an anxiolytic intervention. J Nerv Ment Dis 1991;179:482-489.
9. Siegel JM. Stressful life events and the use of physician services among the elderly: the moderating role of pet ownership. J Pers Soc Psychiatr 1990;58:1081-1086.
10. Jorgenson J. Therapeutic use of companion animals in health care. Image J Nurs Sch 1997;29:249-254.
11. Katcher AH, Friedmann E, Beck AM, et al. Looking, talking, and blood pressure: the physiological consequences of interaction with the living environment. In: Katcher AH, Beck A, eds. New perspectives on our lives with companion animals. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983;351-359.
12. Pavlov IP Lectures on conditioned reflexes. WH Gantt, trans. New York: International Publishers, 1928;255-260, 363-369.
13. Cannon WB. Emotional derangement of bodily functions. In: Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear and rage. 2nd ed. New York: D Appleton-Century Co, 1939;241-267.
14. Contact. Webster's new world dictionary. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990;131.
15. Weinenger O. The effects of early experience on behavior and growth characteristics. J Comp Physiol Psychol 1956;49:1-9.
16. Bustad LK. Investigators' interrelationships with laboratory animals. Lab Anim Sci 1987:Jan(suppl):167-170.
17. Sturrock RR, Smart JL, Tricklebank MD. A quantitative neurohistological study of the long term effects in the rat brain of stimulation in infancy. J Anal 1983;136:129-144.
18. Solomon GF, Amkraut AA, Rubin RT. Stress, hormones, neuroregulation, and immunity. In: Burchfield SR, ed. Stress: psychological and physiological interactions. Washington, DC: Hemisphere Publishing Corp, 1985;99-127.
19. Solomon GF, Amkraut AA. Neuroendocrine aspects of the immune response and their implications for stress effects on tumor immunity. Cancer Detect Prev 1979;2:197-224.
20. Newton G, Bly CG, McCrary C. Effects of early experience on the response to transplanted tumor J Nerv Ment Dis 1962;134:522-527.
21. Levine S. Infantile experience and resistance to physiological stress. Science 1957;126:405.
22. Levine S, Otis L. The effects of handling before and after weaning on the resistance of albino rats to later deprivation. Can J Psychol 1958;12:103-108.
23. Costela C, Tejedor-Real P, Mico JA, et al. Effect of neonatal handling on learned helplessness model of depression. Physiol Behav 1995;57:407-410.
24. Denenberg VH. Stimulation in infancy, emotional reactivity, and exploratory behavior. In: Glass DC, ed. Neurophysiology and emotion. New York: The Rockefeller University Press, 1967;161-190.
25. Ferre P, Nunez JF, Garcia E, et al. Postnatal handling reduces anxiety as measured by emotionality rating and hyponeophagia tests in female rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1995;51:199-203.
26. Fernandez-Teruel A, Escorihuela RM, Driscoll P, et al. Infantile (handling) stimulation and behavior in young Roman high-and low-avoidance rats. Physiol Behav 1991;50:563-565.
27. Denenberg VH, Morton JRC. Infantile stimulation, prepubertal sexual-social interaction and emotionality. Anim Behav 1964;11:11-13.
28. Levine S. A further study of infantile handling and adult avoidance learning. J Pers 1956;25:70-80.
29. Hunt HF, Otis LS. Early "experience" and its effects on later behavioral processes in rats: 1. Initial experiments. Trans NY Acad Sci 1963;25:858-670.
30. Nunez JF, Ferre P, Escorihuela M, et al. Effects of postnatal handling of rats on emotional, HPA-axis, and prolactin reactivity to novelty and conflict. Physiol Behav 1996;60:1355-1359.
31. Meaney MJ, Aitken DH, Bhatnagar S, et al. Postnatal handling attenuates certain neuroendocrine, anatomical, and cognitive dysfunctions associated with aging in female rats. Neurobiol Aging 1991;12:31-38.
32. Karsh EB. The effects of early handling on the development of social bonds between cats and people. In: Katcher AH, Beck AM, eds. New perspectives on our lives with companion animals. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983;22-28.
33. Meier G. Infantile handling and development of Siamese kittens. J Comp Physiol Psychol 1961;54:284-286.
34. Hofer MA, Shair H. Ultrasonic vocalization during social interaction and isolation in 2-week-old rats. Dev Psychobiol 1978;11:495-504.
35. Lynch JJ. The broken heart: the medical consequences of loneliness. New York: Basic Books Inc, 1977;156-180.
36. Lynch JJ. Psychophysiology and development of social attachment. J Nerv Ment Dis 1970;151:231-244.
37. Gantt WH, Newton JEO, Royer FL, et al. Effect of person. Conditional Reflex 1966;1:18-35.
38. Wright EM, Marcella KL, Woodson JF. Animal pain: evaluation and control. Lab Anim 1985;14:20-36.
39. Newton JEO, Lucas LA. Differential heart-rate responses to person in nervous and normal Pointer dogs. Behav Genet 1982;12:379-393.
40. Anderson SL, Gantt WH. The effect of person on cardiac and motor responsivity to shock in dogs. Conditional Reflex 1966;1:181-189.
41. Lynch JT, McCarthy JF. The effect of petting on a classically conditioned emotional response Behav Res Ther 1967;5:55-62.
42. Lynch JJ, Fregin GF, Mackie JB, et al. Heart rate changes in the horse to human contact. Psychophysiology 1974;11:472-478.
43. Newton JE, Ehrlich WW. Coronary blood flow in dogs: effect of person. Conditional Reflex 1969;4:81-88.
44. Gross WB. The benefits of tender loving care. Int J Stud Anim Prob 1980;1:147-149.
45. Seabrook ME The psychological relationship between dairy cows and dairy cowmen and its implications for animal welfare. Int J Stud Anim Prob 1980;1:295-298.
46. Seabrook MF. The psychological interaction between the stockman and his animals and its influence on performance of pigs and dairy cows. Vet Rec 1984;115:84-89.
47. Hemsworth PH, Hansen C, Barnett JL. The effects of human presence at the time of calving of primiparous cows on their subsequent behavioral response to milking. Appl Anim Behav Sci 1987;18:247-255.
48. Hemsworth PH, Barnett JL, Tilbrook AJ, et al. The effects of handling by humans at calving and during milking and the behaviour and milk cortisol concentrations of primiparous dairy cows. Appl Anim Behav Sci 1989;22:313-326.
49. Hemsworth PH, Brand A, Willems PJ. The behavioral response of sows to the presence of human beings and their productivity. Livestock Prod Sci 1981;8:67-74.
50. Hammett FS. Studies of the thyroid apparatus. Am J Physiol 1921;56:196-204.
51. Nerem RM, Levesque MJ, Cornhill JF. Social environment as a factor in diet-induced atherosclerosis. Science 1980;208:1475-1476.
52. Gross WB, Siegel PB. Socialization as a factor in resistance to infection, feed efficiency, and response to antigen in chickens. Am J Vet Res 1982;43:2010-2012.
53. Gross WB, Siegel PB. Environment-genetic influences on immunocompetence. J Anim Sci 1988;66:2091-2094.
54. Gross WB. Effects of dose of antigen and social environment on antibody response of high and low antibody response in chickens. Poult Sci 1986;65:687-692.
55. Gross WB, Siegel PB. Socialization, the sequencing of environmental factors, and their effects on weight gain and disease resistance of chickens. Poult Sci 1983;62:592-598.
56. Ader R. Animal models in the study of brain, behavior and bodily disease. In: Weiner H, Hofer MA, Stunkard AJ, eds. Brain, behavior, and bodily disease. New York: Raven Press, 1981;11-26.
57. Levine S, Cohen C. Differential survival to leukemia as a function of infantile stimulation in DBA/Z mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1959;102:53-54.
58. Laban O, Dimitrijevic M, von Hoersten S, et al. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in adult DA rats subjected to neonatal handling or gentling. Brain Res 1995;676:133-140.
59. Gross WB, Colmano G. The effect of social isolation on resistance to some infectious diseases. Poult Sci 1969;48:514.
60. Fox MW. Integrative development of brain and behavior in the dog. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1971;225-227.
61. Fox MW. The dog: its domestication and behavior New York: Garland STPM Press, 1978;163-165.
62. Wakshlak A, Weinstock M. Neonatal handling reverses behavioral abnormalities induced in rats by prenatal stress. Physiol Behav 1990;48:289-292.
63. Riley V. Mouse mammary tumors: alteration of incidence as apparent function of stress. Science 1975;189:465-467.
64. Riley V, Fitzmaurice MA, Spackman DH. Psychoneuroimmunologic factors in neoplasia: studies in animals. In: Ader R, ed. Psychoneuroimmunology. New York: Academic Press Inc, 1981;31-102.
65. Riley V Psycho neuroendocrine influences on immunocompetence and neoplasia. Science 1981;212:1100-1109.
66. Hemsworth PH, Barnett JL, Coleman GJ. Fear of humans and its consequences for the domestic pig. In: Davis H, Balfour D, eds. The inevitable bond: examining the scientist-animal interactions. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1992;264-284.
67. Kostarczyk E. The use of dog-human interaction as a reward in instrumental conditioning and its impact on dogs' cardiac regulation. In: Davis H, Balfour D, eds. The inevitable bond: examining the scientist-animal interactions. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1992;109-131.
68. Gantt WH. Experimental basis for neurotic behavior. Psychosomatic medicine monographs. Vol 3. New York: Woeber, 1944; 211-223.
69. Wolfle T. Laboratory animal technicians: their role in stress reduction and human-companion animal bonding. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1985;15:449-454.
70. Fox MW. Laboratory animal husbandry: ethology, welfare and experimental variables. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1986;71-83.
71. Freedman DG, King JA, Elliot O. Critical period in the social development of dogs. Science 1961;133:1016-1017.
72. Scott JP, Fuller JL. The critical period. In: Genetics and the social behavior of the dog. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1965;117-150.
73. Shavit Y. Stress-induced immune modulation in animals: opiates and endogenous opioid peptides. In: Ader R, Felton DL, Cohen N, eds. Psychoneuroimmunology. 2nd ed. New York: Academic Press Inc, 1991;789-806.
74. Summerlee AJS. Behavioral arousal and its effect on the experimental animal and the experimenter. In: Davis H, Balfour D, eds. The inevitable bond: examining the scientist-animal interactions. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1992;132-152.
75. Gantt WH. The physiological basis of psychiatry. The conditional reflex. In: Wortis J, ed. Basic problems in psychiatry. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1953;52-89.
76. Murphee OD, Peters JE, Dykman RA. Effect of person on nervous, stable and crossbred pointer dogs. Conditional Reflex 1967;2:273-276.
77. Price EO. Behavioral aspects of animal domestication. Q Rev Biol 1984;59:1-32.
78. Cohen SM, Cano M, Anderson T, et al. Extensive handling of rats leads to mild urinary bladder hyperplasia. Toxicol Pathol 1996;24:251-257.
79. Asanuma M, Ogawa N, Hirata H, et al. Opposite effects of rough and gentle handling with repeated saline administration on c-fos mRNA expression in the rat brain. J Neural Transm Gen Sect 1992;90:163-169.
80. Hemsworth PH, Barnett JL, Hansen C. The influence of handling by humans on the behavior, growth, and corticosteroids in the juvenile female pig. Horm Behav 1981;15:396-403.
81. Hemsworth PH, Barnett JL. Human-animal interactions. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1987;3:339-356.
82. Gonyou HW, Hemsworth PW, Barnett JL. Effects of frequent interactions with humans on growing pigs. Appi Anim Behav Sci 1986;16:269-275.
83. Spinelli JS. Preventing suffering in laboratory animals. In: Rollin BE, Kesel ML, eds. The experimental animal in biomedical research. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press Inc, 1990;231-242.
84. Bhamagar S, Meaney MJ. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in chronic intermittently cold-stressed neonatally handled and non handled rats. J Neuroendocrinol 1995;7:97-108.
85. Roberts FB. Illness: the infant. In: Scipien GM, Barnard MU, Chard MA, et al, eds. Comprehensive pediatric nursing. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1979;411-421.
86. Baum M, Hastened L. Minimizing an inevitable bond: the study of automated avoidance in rats. In: Davis H, Balfour D, eds. The inevitable bond: examining the scientist-animal interactions. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1992;232-239.
87. Boccia ML, Broussard C, Scanlan J, et al. Practice makes predictable: the differential effect of repeated sampling on behavioral and physiological responses in monkeys. In: Davis H, Balfour D, eds. The inevitable bond: examining the scientist-animal interactions. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1992;153-170.
88. Oden DL, Thompson KR. The role of social bonds in motivating chimpanzee cognition. In. Davis H, Balfour D, eds. The inevitable bond: examining the scientist-animal interactions. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1992;218-231.