Slowing and cooling molecules and neutral atoms by time-varying electric-field gradients

Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Volumn 60, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 3882-3891

  Maddi, Jason A ^a   Dinneen, Timothy P ^a   Gould, Harvey ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000527249     PISSN: 10502947     EISSN: 10941622     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.3882     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. J. M. Doyle, B. Friedrich, J. Kim, and D. Patterson, Phys. Rev. A 52, R2515 (1995).
2. H. von Busch, W. Demtröder, Vas Dev, H.-A. Eckel, R. Großkloß, M. Keil, H.-G. Krämer, T. Platz, and H. Wenz, Phys. Scr. T78, 24 (1998)
3. R. E. Miller, in Atomic and Molecular Beam Methods, edited by G. Scoles (Oxford University Press, New York, 1992), Vol. 2, p. 196.
4. R. N. Zare, Science 279, 1875 (1998);(private communication).
5. See, for example, U. Valbusa, in Atomic and Molecular Beam Methods (Ref. 2), Vol. 2, p. 327;G. Boato., Vol. 2, p. 340.
6. See, for example, L. Mattera, in Atomic and Molecular Beam Methods (Ref. 2), Vol. 2, pp. 366;R. B. Doak., Vol. 2, p. 384;D. J. Auerbach., Vol. 2, p. 444;G. Comsa and B. Poelsma., Vol. 2, p. 463;M. Asscher and G. A. Somorjai., Vol. 2, p. 488.
7. For a discussion on trapping molecules, see, for example, D. Herschbach, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, S411 (1999).
8. D. P. Katz, J. Chem. Phys. 107, 8491 (1997).
9. W. H. Wing, Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 631 (1980).
10. T. Takekoshi, J. R. Yeh, and R. J. Knize, Opt. Commun. 114, 421 (1995).
11. S. K. Sekatskii, Pis’ma Zh. Éksp. Teor. Fiz. 62, 900 (1995) [JETP Lett. 62, 916 (1995)];
12. S. K. Sekatskii and J. Schmiedmayer, Europhys. Lett. 36, 407 (1996)
13. see also J. Denschlag, G. Umshaus, and J. Schmiedmayer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 737 (1998).
14. B. Friedrich and D. Herschbach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4623 (1995).
15. T. Seideman, J. Chem. Phys. 106, 2881 (1997)
16. J. Chem. Phys.T. Seideman107, 10 420 (1997).
17. J. D. Weinstein, R. deCarvalho, T. Guillet, B. Friedrich, and J. M. Doyle, Nature (London) 395, 148 (1998)
18. J. D. Weinstein, R. deCarvalho, and J. M. Doyle, J. Chem. Phys. 110, 2376 (1999)
19. J. Chem. Phys.J. D. Weinstein, R. deCarvalho, K. Amar, A. Boca, B. C. Odom, B. Friedrich, and J. M. Doyle, 109, 2656 (1998).
20. See, for example, T. M. Miller and B. Bederson, in Advances in Atomic and Molecular Physics, edited by D. R. Bates and B. Bederson (Academic Press, New York, 1977), Vol. 13, p. 1.
21. See, for example, K. D. Bonin and M. A. Kadar-Kallen, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 8, 3313 (1994).
22. R. W. Molof, H. L. Schwartz, T. M. Miller, and B. Bederson, Phys. Rev. A 10, 1131 (1974).
23. T. M. Miller, in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 79th ed., edited by D. R. Lide (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1998), Chap. 10, p. 160.
24. See, for example, C. H. Townes and A. L. Schawlow, Microwave Spectroscopy (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1955), pp. 248–255;
25. N. F. Ramsey, Molecular Beams (Oxford University Press, London, 1955), pp. 287–298.
26. K. von Meyenn, Z. Phys. 231, 154 (1970).
27. D. R. Lide, in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (Ref. 17), Chap. 9, p. 42.
28. Values taken from S. V. Khristenko, A. I. Maslov, and V. P. Shevelko, Molecules and Their Spectroscopic Properties (Springer, Berlin, 1998).
29. G. A. Ising, Ark. Mat., Astron. Fys. 18, No. 30, 1 (1924)
30. R. Wideröe, Arch. Elektrotech. (Berlin) 21, 387 (1928).
31. E. O. Lawrence and N. E. Edlefsan, Science 72, 376 (1930)
32. E. O. Lawrence and M. S. Livingston, Phys. Rev. 37, 1707 (1931).
33. C. Monroe, W. Swann, H. Robinson, and C. Wieman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1571 (1990)
34. K. Lindquist, M. Stephens, and C. Wieman, Phys. Rev. A 46, 4082 (1992).
35. C. R. Monroe, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Colorado, 1992.
36. See, for example, R. W. Fox, L. Hollberg, and A. S. Zibrov, in Experimental Methods in The Physical Sciences: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics: Electromagnetic Radiation, edited by F. B. Dunning and R. G. Hulet (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1997), p. 77.
37. M. Kasevich, E. Riis, S. Chu, and R. De Voe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 612 (1989)
38. A. Clairon, C. Salomon, S. Guellati, and W. D. Phillips, Europhys. Lett. 16, 165 (1991).
39. C. C. Lo (private communication).
40. J. J. Murray, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Report No. UCRL-9506, 1960 (unpublished).
41. R. Marrus, E. C. Wang, and J. Yellin, Phys. Rev. 177, 122 (1969).
42. H. Gould, Phys. Rev. A 14, 922 (1976).
43. A. Cable, M. Prentiss, and N. P. Bigelow, Opt. Lett. 15, 507 (1990)
44. B. P. Anderson and M. A. Kasevich, Phys. Rev. A 50, R3581 (1994).
45. B. Ghaffari, J. M. Gerton, W. I. McAlexander, K. E. Strecker, D. M. Homan, and R. G. Hulet, Phys. Rev. A 60, 3899(1999).
46. See, for example, H. Pauly, in Atomic and Molecular Beam Methods, edited by G. Scoles (Oxford University Press, New York, 1988), Vol. 1, p. 83.
47. D. Auerbach, E. E. A. Bromberg, and L. Wharton, J. Chem. Phys. 45, 2160 (1966).
48. D. Kakati and D. C. Lainé, Phys. Lett. 24A, 676 (1967)
49. Phys. Lett.D. KakatiD. C. Lainé28A, 786 (1969)
50. A. Lübbert, F. Günther, and K. Schügerl, Chem. Phys. Lett. 35, 210 (1975).
51. K. D. Bonin and V. V. Kresin, Electric-Dipole Polarizabilities of Atoms, Molecules and Clusters (World Scientific, Singapore, 1997).
52. W. D. Knight, K. Clemenger, W. A. de Heer, and W. A. Saunders, Phys. Rev. B 31, 2539 (1985).
53. See, for example, T. F. Gallagher, Rydberg Atoms (Cambridge, Cambridge, 1994), and references therein.
54. T. Breeden and H. Metcalf, Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 1726 (1981).
55. E. S. Chang, Phys. Rev. A 31, 495 (1985).
56. T. W. Ducas, M. G. Littman, R. R. Freeman, and D. Klepner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 366 (1975).
57. H. Bethe and E. E. Salpeter, Quantum Mechanics of One and Two Electron Atoms (Springer, Berlin, 1957), p. 233.
58. H. K. Hughes, Phys. Rev. 72, 614 (1947).
59. See, for example, M. D. Morse, in Experimental Methods in The Physical Sciences: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics: Electromagnetic Radiation, edited by F. B. Dunning and R. G. Hulet (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1997) p. 21, and references therein;
60. D. R. Miller, in Atomic and Molecular Beam Methods (Ref. 34), Vol. 1, p. 14, and references therein. A very light carrier gas such as helium is often deliberately used to produce high-velocity supersonic beams. However, heavy carrier gases would produce lower velocity beams.
61. See, for example, V. A. Cho and R. B. Bernstein, J. Phys. Chem. 95, 8129 (1991), and references therein.
62. An electric-field-gradient slowing measurement of the Cs dipole polarizability is currently underway in our laboratory.
63. C. R. Ekstrom, J. Schmiedmayer, M. S. Chapman, T. D. Hammond, and D. E. Pritchard, Phys. Rev. A 51, 3883 (1995).
64. A. Salop, E. Pollack, and B. Bederson, Phys. Rev. 124, 1431 (1961).
65. See, for example, W. G. Kaenders, F. Lison, I. Müller, A. Richter, R. Wyands, and D. Meschede, Phys. Rev. A 54, 5067 (1996).
66. E. A. Cornell, C. Monroe, and C. E. Wieman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2439 (1991).
67. E. Tiesinga, B. J. Verhaar, H. T. C. Stoff, and D. van Bragt, Phys. Rev. A 45, R2671 (1992)
68. K. Gibble and S. Chu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1771 (1993).