Application of antimonide lasers for gas sensing in the 3–4-μlm range

Applied Optics

Volumn 38, Issue 9, 1999, Pages 1494-1501

  Werle, Peter ^a   Popov, Andrei ^b,c  

^a FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT   (Germany)

^b IOFFE INSTITUTE   (Russian Federation)

^c University of Koblenz Landau   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000502279     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 21553165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.38.001494     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. P. Werle, “A review of recent advances in semiconductor laser based trace gas analyzers,” Spectrochim. Acta A 54, 197-236 (1998) and references therein.
2. P. Werle, R. Mucke, F. D’Amato, and T. Lancia, “Near-infrared trace gas sensors based on room temperature diode-lasers,” Appl. Phys. B 67, 307-315 (1998).
3. R. U. Martinelli, R. J. Menna, P. K. York, D. Z. Gabuzov, H. Lee, J. Abeles, N. A. Morris, J. C. Conolly, S. Y. Narayan, J. S. Vermaak, G. H. Olsen, D. E. Cooper, C. B. Carlisle, and H. Riris, “Tunable single-frequency III-V semiconductor diode lasers with wavelengths from 0.76 to 2.7 p, m,” in Application of Tunable Diode Lasers and Other Infrared Sources for Atmospheric Studies and Industrial Monitoring, A. Fried, ed., Proc. SPIE 2834, 2-16 (1996).
4. H. I. Schiff, G. I. Mackay, and J. Bechara, “The use of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy for atmospheric measurements,” in Air Monitoring by Spectroscopic Techniques, M. W. Sigrist, ed., (Wiley, New York, 1994).
5. A. Popov, V. Sherstnev, Y. Yakovlev, R. Mucke, and P. Werle, “High power InAsSb/InAsSbP double heterostructure lasers for continuous wave operation at 3.6 p, m,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 2790-2792 (1996).
6. A. Popov, V. Sherstnev, Y. Yakovlev, R. Mucke, and P. Werle, “Single-frequency InAsSb lasers emitting at 3.4 p, m,” Spectro-chim. Acta A 52, 863-870 (1996).
7. A. Popov, A. Baranov, V. Sherstnev, Y. Yakovlev, B. Scheumann, R. Mucke, and P. Werle, “Investigation of the mode structure and noise characteristics of InAsSb/InAsSbP lasers with respect to spectroscopic applications,” Infrared Phys. Technol. 37, 117-121 (1996).
8. A. Popov, V. Sherstnev, Y. Yakovlev, R. Mucke, and P. Werle, “Relaxation oscillations in single-frequency InAsSb narrow band-gap lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 3428-3430 (1998).
9. A. Popov, V. Sherstnev, Y. Yakovlev, R. Mucke, and P. Werle, “Tuning and spectral performance of mid-infrared InAsSb lasers,” in Application of Tunable Diode Lasers and Other Infrared Sources for Atmospheric Studies and Industrial Monitoring, A. Fried, ed., Proc. SPIE 2834, 46-56 (1996).
10. L. S. Rothman, R. R. Gamache, R. H. Tipping, C. P. Rinsland, M. A. H. Smith, D. C. Brenner, V. Malathy Devi, J.-M. Flaud, C. Camy-Peyret, A. Perrin, A. Goldman, S. T. Massie, L. R. Brown, and R. A. Toth, “The HITRAN molecular databases editions of 1991 and 1992,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 48, 469-507 (1992).
11. A. Fried, S. Sewell, B. Henry, B. P. Wert, T. Gilpin, and J. Drummond, “Tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer for ground based measurements of formaldehyde,” J. Geophys. Res. 102, 6253-6266 (1997).
12. R. Kormann, K. Maurer, R. Mucke, F. Slemr, P. Werle, R. Zitzelsberger, U. Parchatka, T. Zenker, D. Trapp, and H. Fischer, “Application of two tunable diode laser spectrometers and other chemical sensors in an intercomparison of formaldehyde measurements,” in Proceedings of EUROTRAC Symposium’96 by P. M. Borrell et al., eds. (Computational Mechanics, Southhampton, England, 1996), pp. 715-719 (1996).
13. D. G. Lancaster, D. Richter, R. F. Curl, and F. K. Tittel, “Realtime mesurements of trace gases using a compact difference-frequency-based sensor operating at 3.5 p, m,” Appl. Phys. B 67, 339-345 (1998).
14. L. Newman, ed., Measurement Challenges in Atmospheric Chemistry (American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1993).
15. S. B. Verma, F. G. Ullman, D. Billesbach, R. J. Clement, J. Kim, and E. S. Verry, “Eddy correlation measurements of methane flux in a northern peatland ecosystem,” Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 58, 289-304 (1992).
16. G. C. Edwards, H. H. Neumann, G. den Hartog, G. W. Thurtell, and G. Kidd, “Eddy correlation measurements of methane fluxes using a tunable diode laser at the Kinosheo Lake tower site during the Northern Wetlands Study (NOWES),” J. Geo-phys. Res. 99 (D1), 1511-1517 (1994).
17. 4 with a 1.3 p, m InGaAsP diode laser,” in Monitoring of Gaseous Pollutants by Tunable Diode Lasers (Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1992), pp. 265-273.
18. D. C. Hovde, A. C. Stanton, T. P. Meyers, and D. R. Matt, “Methane emission from a landfill measured by eddy correlation using a fast response diode laser sensor,” J. Atmos. Chem. 20, 141-162 (1995).
19. P. Werle, “Laser excess noise and interferometric effects in frequency modulated diode laser spectrometers,” Appl. Phys. B 60, 499-506 (1995).
20. P. Werle, R. Mucke, and F. Slemr, “The limits of signal averaging in atmospheric trace gas monitoring by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. B 57, 131-139 (1993).
21. P. Werle, B. Scheumann, and J. Schandl, “Real time signal processing concepts for trace gas analysis by TDLAS,” Opt. Eng. 33, 3093-3105 (1994).
22. P. Werle and B. Janker, “High frequency modulation spectroscopy: phase noise and refractive index fluctuations in optical multipass cells,” Opt. Eng. 35, 2051-2057 (1996).
23. P. Werle and F. Slemr, “Signal-to-noise ratio analysis in laser absorption spectroscopy using optical multipass cells,” Appl. Opt. 30, 430-434 (1991).
24. P. Werle and S. Lechner, “Recent findings and approaches for the suppression of fluctuations and background drifts in tunable diode laser spectroscopy,” in Application ofTunable Diode Lasers and Other Infrared Sources for Atmospheric Studies and Industrial Monitoring, A. Fried, ed., Proc. SPIE 2834, 68-78 (1996).
25. J. Faist, F. Capasso, C. Sirtori, D. L. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, A. L. Hutchinson, S.-N. G. Chu, and A. Y. Cho, “High power mid-infrared (A-5 p, m) quantum cascade lasers operating above room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 3680-3682 (1996).
26. R. Q. Yang and S. S. Pei, “Novel type-II quantum cascade lasers,” J. Appl. Phys. 79, 8197-8203 (1996).